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Science For Scotland is dedicated to the cultivation of Science in Scotland.

Maxwell's Equations

Name	Integral equations	Differential equations
Gauss's law	${\scriptstyle \partial \Omega }$ $\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} ={\frac {1}{\varepsilon _{0}}}\iiint _{\Omega }\rho \,\mathrm {d} V$	$\nabla \cdot \mathbf {E} ={\frac {\rho }{\varepsilon _{0}}}$
Gauss's law for magnetism	${\scriptstyle \partial \Omega }$ $\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S} =0$	$\nabla \cdot \mathbf {B} =0$
Maxwell–Faraday equation (Faraday's law of induction)	$\oint _{\partial \Sigma }\mathbf {E} \cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\ell }}=-{\frac {d}{dt}}\iint _{\Sigma }\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S}$	$\nabla \times \mathbf {E} =-{\frac {\partial \mathbf {B} }{\partial t}}$
Ampère's circuital law (with Maxwell's correction)	$\oint _{\partial \Sigma }\mathbf {B} \cdot \mathrm {d} {\boldsymbol {\ell }}=\mu _{0}\iint _{\Sigma }\left(\mathbf {J} +\varepsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}\right)\cdot \mathrm {d} \mathbf {S}$	$\nabla \times \mathbf {B} =\mu _{0}\left(\mathbf {J} +\varepsilon _{0}{\frac {\partial \mathbf {E} }{\partial t}}\right)$

Scotland's Knowledge Hubs

1. Royal Society of Edinburgh
2. Royal Medical Society
3. Royal Zoological Society of Scotland
4. National Library of Scotland

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