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The Guaymas Basin is the largest marginal rift basin located in the Gulf of California. It consists of two axial troughs (northern and southern).[1]
The basin results from the activity of one of the several spreading centers in the Gulf. The basin is linked to the Carmen Fault to the south, and the Guaymas Fault to the north.
The Guaymas seafloor has high heat flow,[2] hydrothermal plumes,[3] and hydrocarbon seeps.[4]
Formation[edit]
In the Guaymas Basin new igneous crust forms where swift sedimentation also occurs. Consequentially, magma flows and hardens in the basin. This magma spurs hydrothermal flow which creates thermal and chemical gradients. These gradients lead to dynamic biogeochemical environments which contribute to the type of ecosystem which thrives in the Guaymas basin.[5]
Hydrothermal Circulation[edit]
Hydrothermal circulation, or the circulation of hot water, is a predominant feature of the Guaymas Basin. Hydrothermalism is mainly observed in the southern trough of the basin where hydrothermal vents make up a hydrothermal complex on the seafloor by creating mounds, chimney structures, and sediments.[6] Hydrothermal circulation happens when water flows downward through broken ocean crust along the volcanic mid-ocean ridge system. After being heated, the water chemically reacts with the host sill. The temperature of the water can rise above 400°C. At this temperature, the water will rise quickly back to the seafloor due to its decrease in density. This circulation of water is crucial to the cycling of energy and nutrients between the ocean crust and the ocean.[7]
Biology[edit]
Especially in the southern trough, the Guaymas Basin supports a unique and vibrant ecosystem. Heterotrophs consume organic matter rained down from the productive surface waters, while chemolithoautotrophs metabolize chemicals in the reduced hydrothermal fluid (often cycling these chemicals with syntrophic partners). Of note are the colonies of Riftia tubeworms, Beggiatoa and other microbial mats, and thermophilic microbes that can withstand hydrothermal temperatures (here up to __ °C).[6]
References[edit]
- ^ Geilert, Sonja; Hensen, Christian; Schmidt, Mark; Liebetrau, Volker; Scholz, Florian; Doll, Mechthild; Deng, Longhui; Fiskal, Annika; Lever, Mark A.; Su, Chih-Chieh; Schloemer, Stefan; Sarkar, Sudipta; Thiel, Volker; Berndt, Christian (2018-09-27). "On the formation of hydrothermal vents and cold seeps in the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Biogeosciences. 15 (18): 5715–5731. doi:10.5194/bg-15-5715-2018. ISSN 1726-4170.
- ^ Williams, David L.; Becker, Keir; Lawver, Lawrence A.; Von Herzen, Richard P. (1979-11-10). "Heat flow at the spreading centers of the Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 84 (B12): 6757–6769. Bibcode:1979JGR....84.6757W. doi:10.1029/JB084iB12p06757.
- ^ Merewether, Ray; Olsson, Mark S.; Lonsdale, Peter (1985). "Acoustically detected hydrocarbon plumes rising from 2-km depths in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth. 90 (B4): 3075–3085. Bibcode:1985JGR....90.3075M. doi:10.1029/JB090iB04p03075. ISSN 2156-2202.
- ^ Simoneit, B.R.T.; Lonsdale, P.F.; Edmond, J.M.; Shanks, W.C. (1990-01-01). "Deep-water hydrocarbon seeps in Guaymas Basin, Gulf of California". Applied Geochemistry. 5 (1–2): 41–49. Bibcode:1990ApGC....5...41S. doi:10.1016/0883-2927(90)90034-3. ISSN 0883-2927.
- ^ Teske, Andreas; McKay, Luke J.; Ravelo, Ana Christina; Aiello, Ivano; Mortera, Carlos; Núñez-Useche, Fernando; Canet, Carles; Chanton, Jeffrey P.; Brunner, Benjamin; Hensen, Christian; Ramírez, Gustavo A.; Sibert, Ryan J.; Turner, Tiffany; White, Dylan; Chambers, Christopher R. (2019-09-25). "Characteristics and Evolution of sill-driven off-axis hydrothermalism in Guaymas Basin – the Ringvent site". Scientific Reports. 9 (1): 13847. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-50200-5. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 6761151. PMID 31554864.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: PMC format (link) - ^ a b Teske, Andreas; de Beer, Dirk; McKay, Luke J.; Tivey, Margaret K.; Biddle, Jennifer F.; Hoer, Daniel; Lloyd, Karen G.; Lever, Mark A.; Røy, Hans; Albert, Daniel B.; Mendlovitz, Howard P. (2016). "The Guaymas Basin Hiking Guide to Hydrothermal Mounds, Chimneys, and Microbial Mats: Complex Seafloor Expressions of Subsurface Hydrothermal Circulation". Frontiers in Microbiology. 7: 75. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2016.00075. ISSN 1664-302X. PMC 4757712. PMID 26925032.
- ^ German, C. R.; Von Damm, K. L. (2003-01-01), Holland, Heinrich D.; Turekian, Karl K. (eds.), "6.07 - Hydrothermal Processes", Treatise on Geochemistry, Oxford: Pergamon, pp. 181–222, doi:10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/06109-0, ISBN 978-0-08-043751-4, retrieved 2023-11-11
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Article Evaluation[edit]
Evaluating content: Everything in the article is relevant to the article topic. Nothing in the article I would consider irrelevant or distracting. The information is not out of date, but there is a lot missing that could be added to the article (i.e.: The features section of the article is missing both northern trough features and southern trough features, and the biology section does not cover much). Adding a section on climate would improve the article. Scientific information is presented somewhat clearly, but there is jargon used that is not linked. However, there still are many links to other Wikipedia articles for related topics.
Evaluating tone: The article is neutral because all the claims are factual, and the article does not list any viewpoints.
Evaluating sources: The links work, and the sources do support the claims in the article. Almost each fact is referenced with an appropriate reliable source. All the sources are from an article published in an academic journal, so they seem to be neutral and credible.
Evaluating talk page: There are no conversations going on the on the talk page. The articles does not have a rating and is not part of any WikiProjects.
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