User:Njakkam20/sandbox

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Ciclovia[edit]

Indonesia[edit]

Jakarta hosts a Car Free Day (CFD) event every Sunday on Jalan Sudirman and Jalan MH Thamrin, two of the city's main thoroughfares, from 6am to 11am. Pedestrians and cyclists are free to exercise in the streets and sidewalks (which are normally blocked due to illegally parked motorcycles and food stalls) with more than 100,000 people participating each Sunday.[1] CFD was started in 2007 under the Fauzi Bowo administration and signed into regulation as a twice monthly event in 2010 and as weekly public event in 2012.[2] Activities taking place on CFD must conform to one of four main themes: Sports, Health, Environment, and Cultural Arts.[3] CFD was suspended on March 15, 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It was reopened on June 21, 2020 to allow people to exercise only (street vendors were banned), but closed down again due to crowds not maintaining proper social distancing outdoors.[4]

Malaysia[edit]

Cyclists on the road at Kuala Lumpur's Car Free Day event on October 28th, 2015.
Cyclists taking part in Kuala Lumpur's Car Free Day event on October 28th, 2015.

Kuala Lumpur hosts a Car Free Morning event on the first and third Sunday of every month from 7am to 9am starting at Dataran DBKL.[5] The streets of Kuala Lumpur's Golden Triangle (the city's main business and shopping district) are closed to vehicles to allow pedestrians and cyclists to utilize the space for exercising, skating, and cycling.[6] The program was introduced on September 22, 2013 and has around 3,000 participants each event.[7] The event is sponsored by many companies including the title sponsor, OCBC Bank, which provides 140 free bikes for participants to use on a first-come, first-served basis.[5]



Philadelphia's Magic Gardens[edit]

A wall at Philadelphia's Magic Gardens

Leptometra celtica[edit]

Leptometra celtica is a marine invertebrate and species of crinoid or feather star of the Leptometra genus in the family Antedonidae. It is found in the Atlantic Ocean around the coasts of north west Europe. The presence of L. celtica and L. phalangium (its counterpart in the Mediterranean) is considered to be a good indication of nearby shelf breaks, general bottom currents, and areas of high gross productivity as they are suspension-feeders, hence their proliferation in productive environments.[8]

Description[edit]

Leptometra celtica has ten pinnate arms that are typically 7–10 cm in length with neatly held side branches. The arms may be banded in red and white or plain coloured in brown, white or red. In areas of moderate current specimens have been observed to spread their arms out into a vertical fan across the current.[9]

The cirri of L. celtica are about 34–40 mm in length and vary in color from green to white. They are arranged in irregular columns dimorphically about the organism's stalk allowing for locomotion and attachment to deep sea structures.[10] Examination of cirri can help distinguish L. celtica from the related L. phalangium as the cirri of L. celtica are shorter in proportion and are not evenly tapered distally. The distal segments of the cirri have their distal edge slightly swollen so that the organism's dorsal profile retains a slightly scalloped appearance in comparison to L. phalangium.[11]

L. celtica has short proximal oral pinnule segments protruding from its stalk to allow for feeding. Its oral pinnules are arranged in irregular columns are are somewhat shorter in length in comparison to L. phalangium. The four lowest pinnules average between 12–17 mm. [11]

The opening of the centrodorsal cavity in L. celtica is only 0.35 of the centrodorsal diameter, making it similar to that of other species of antedonids.[10]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

L. celtica can be found in the Atlantic Ocean ranging from the coasts of the United Kingdom and Faroe Islands to the Moroccan coast. The species has been found at depths between 20 and 1247 m in the western Mediterranean and has been studied in the Algarve region on the southwest coast of Portugal.[8] L. celtica has also been studied along shelf breaks ranging from northwest Spain to the southwest coasts of Ireland.[12] The species can be typically found in sandy to muddy sand types of sediment.[13]

Ecology[edit]

L. celtica are suspension feeders that take in organic particles that fall from the photic zone.[12] Shelf-break upwelling and water turbulence increases the transportation of organic matter up the water column, leading to high-concentrations of crinoids like L. celtica that feed on organic matter around shelf breaks. The play an important role in marine environments by taking in large amounts of organic particles and regulating food chain production. For this reason, the presence of benthopelagic fish alongside crinoids like L. celtica can serve as indicators of highly productive regions of shelf-breaks.[12]

Human impact[edit]

Several studies have focused on the impact of bottom trawling and dredging on crinoid communities along the coast. L. celtica has been found in crinoid beds with a high abundance of juvenile commercial fish and crustacea, and research has shown that heavily towed benthic environments have much lower numbers of crinoid taxa like L. celtica.[13]

  1. ^ "Jakarta expands Car-Free Day scheme". The Straits Times. 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2020-09-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  2. ^ "Jakarta Car Free Day: Exercise and Socialise". NOW JAKARTA | Jakarta Car Free Day: Exercise and Socialise. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  3. ^ "Prosedur Partisipasi Car Free Day Indonesia". Info Car Free Day. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  4. ^ Post, The Jakarta. "Jakarta again shuts down Car Free Day due to 'undisciplined' crowds". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  5. ^ a b "KL Carfree Morning". www.klcarfreemorning.com. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  6. ^ "Official Portal Visit Kuala Lumpur". www.visitkl.gov.my. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  7. ^ "Mayor mulls having car-free weekend in KL | The Star". www.thestar.com.my. Retrieved 2020-09-27.
  8. ^ a b Fonseca, Paulo; Abrantes, Fátima; Aguilar, Ricardo; Campos, Aida; Cunha, Marina; Ferreira, Daniel; Fonseca, Teresa P.; García, Silvia; Henriques, Victor (2013-11-20). "A deep-water crinoid Leptometra celtica bed off the Portuguese south coast". Marine Biodiversity. 44 (2): 223–228. doi:10.1007/s12526-013-0191-2. ISSN 1867-1616.
  9. ^ Encyclopedia of Marine Life of Britain and Ireland. Retrieved 2013-12-03.
  10. ^ a b Messing, Charles G.; White, Christopher M. (2001-01). "A revision of the Zenometridae (new rank) (Echinodermata, Crinoidea, Comatulidina)". Zoologica Scripta. 30 (3): 159–180. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.2001.00062.x. ISSN 0300-3256. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  11. ^ a b Clark, Austin Hobart (1921). "A monograph of the existing crinoids, vol. 1 . The comatulids, pt. 2: [General]". Bulletin of the United States National Museum (82): i–xxv, 1–795, 949 figs, 57 pls. doi:10.5479/si.03629236.82.2. ISSN 0362-9236.
  12. ^ a b c Colloca, F.; Carpentieri, P.; Balestri, E.; Ardizzone, G. D. (2004-07-03). "A critical habitat for Mediterranean fish resources: shelf-break areas with Leptometra phalangium (Echinodermata: Crinoidea)". Marine Biology. 145 (6): 1129–1142. doi:10.1007/s00227-004-1405-8. ISSN 0025-3162.
  13. ^ a b De Jesus, D. Cunha, L. Cancela Da Fonseca (1999). "First Records of 13 Echinoderm Species on the Southwest Coast of Portugal" (PDF). Boletin-Instituto Espanol de Oceanografia. 15: 342-350.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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