User:Mr. Ibrahem/Tricuspid insufficiency
| Tricuspid insufficiency | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Tricuspid regurgitation |
 | |
| Diagram of the heart with a black arrow showing the location and direction of the abnormal blood flow | |
| Specialty | Cardiology |
| Symptoms | Few symptoms initially, may develop peripheral swelling, liver enlargement, ascites[1] |
| Complications | Heart failure, atrial fibrillation[1] |
| Causes | Pulmonary hypertension, infective endocarditis, hyperthyroidism, Ebstein anomaly, rheumatic heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, connective tissue disorder, lupus, pulmonary valve stenosis, certain medications such as fenfluramine[1] |
| Diagnostic method | Suspected based on a systolic murmur, confirmed by echocardiogram[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Mitral regurgitation |
| Treatment | Furosemide, surgery[1] |
| Prognosis | Generally good[1] |
| Frequency | Relatively common[1] |
Tricuspid insufficiency (TI), also known as tricuspid regurgitation (TR), is a type of valvular heart disease in which there is backward flow of blood from the right ventricle, through the tricuspid valve, into the right atrium, when the heart contracts.[1] Early on few symptoms may be present.[1] Later on heart failure may develop with peripheral swelling, liver enlargement, and ascites.[1] Other complications may include atrial fibrillation.[1]
Causes include dilation of the right ventricle, such as from pulmonary hypertension, cor pulmonale, or after a heart attack.[2] Other causes include infective endocarditis, hyperthyroidism, Ebstein anomaly, rheumatic heart disease, carcinoid syndrome, connective tissue disorder, lupus, pulmonary valve stenosis, and certain medications such as fenfluramine.[1] The diagnosis may be suspected based on a systolic murmur and confirmed by an ultrasound of the heart.[1]
Treatment depends on the underlying cause and the severity.[1] In those with left-sided heart failure furosemide and salt restriction may be recommended.[1] Tricuspid valve surgery may be recommended in those with severe disease with significant symptoms or when repairing other valves.[1] In cases were the valve is infected it may be removed without immediate replacement.[1] Outcomes are generally good.[1]
Triscuspid insufficiency is relatively common.[1] The percentage of people newly affected per year is about 0.9% in the United States.[1] Males and females are affected equally frequently.[1] Surgery to replace the tricuspid valve was first described in 1963.[3]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Mulla, S; Asuka, E; Siddiqui, WJ (January 2020). "Tricuspid Regurgitation". PMID 30252377.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ Bunce, Nicholas H.; Ray, Robin; Patel, Hitesh (2020). "30. Cardiology". In Feather, Adam; Randall, David; Waterhouse, Mona (eds.). Kumar and Clark's Clinical Medicine (10th ed.). Elsevier. p. 1101. ISBN 978-0-7020-7870-5. Archived from the original on 2022-02-11. Retrieved 2022-02-11.
- ^ Jonas, Richard (2002). Comprehensive Surgical Management of Congenital Heart Disease. CRC Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-1-4441-1412-6. Archived from the original on 2021-08-29. Retrieved 2020-12-22.