User:Mr. Ibrahem/Stress incontinence
| Stress incontinence | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Stress urinary incontinence (SUI), effort incontinence |
 | |
| Pelvic floor | |
| Specialty | Urology, gynaecology |
| Risk factors | Pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, treatment for prostate cancer[1][2][3] |
| Diagnostic method | Based on symptoms, examination, cough stress test, the amount of urine remaining after urination, urinalysis[1] |
| Treatment | Pelvic floor exercises, pessary, medication, injections around the urethra, surgery[4] |
| Medication | Phenylpropanolamine, estrogen[2][4] |
| Frequency | ~35% of women over 30[2] |
Stress incontinence is a form of urinary incontinence in which their is involuntary leakage of urine with normal activities such as coughing or exercise.[2][4] Quality of life may be negatively effected.[1] It may occur together with urge incontinence, which is known as mixed incontinence.[2]
Risk factors include pregnancy, childbirth, obesity, and treatment of prostate cancer.[1][2][3] The underlying mechanism is weakness of the pelvic floor or urethral sphincter at the bladder outlet.[2] Diagnosis may be based on symptoms, examination, cough stress test, measuring the amount of urine remaining after urination, and urinalysis.[1]
Stress incontinence may be treated with pelvic floor exercises, a pessary, medications, injections around the urethra, or surgery.[4] Pelvic floor exercises are effective in about 60% of women at one year, while surgery is effective in about 85% of women.[2][5] Medications that may be used include phenylpropanolamine and after menopause estrogen.[2][4]
Stress incontinence is the most common type of incontinence.[4] It affects about 24% to 45% of women over 30 years.[2] About half of pregnant women are affected; however, symptoms generally resolve within a year of delivery.[1] Younger women may also be affected.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f Nygaard, IE; Heit, M (September 2004). "Stress urinary incontinence". Obstetrics and gynecology. 104 (3): 607–20. doi:10.1097/01.AOG.0000137874.84862.94. PMID 15339776.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j Tran, LN; Puckett, Y (January 2020). "Urinary Incontinence". PMID 32644521.
{{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires|journal=(help) - ^ a b Gupta, S; Peterson, AC (July 2014). "Stress urinary incontinence in the prostate cancer survivor". Current opinion in urology. 24 (4): 395–400. doi:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000066. PMID 24841378.
- ^ a b c d e f g "Urinary incontinence". womenshealth.gov. 8 March 2017. Archived from the original on 27 May 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2020.
- ^ Ton, Joey (7 August 2023). "#346 Stress Urinary Incontinence: Pelvic floor exercises or pessary? (Free)". CFPCLearn. Archived from the original on 14 August 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.