User:Mr. Ibrahem/Salbutamol

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Mr. Ibrahem/Salbutamol
Salbutamol (top),
(R)-(−)-salbutamol (center) and
(S)-(+)-salbutamol (bottom)
Clinical data
Trade namesVentolin, Proventil, ProAir, others[1]
Other namesAlbuterol (USAN US)
AHFS/Drugs.comMonograph
MedlinePlusa607004
License data
Pregnancy
category
Routes of
administration		By mouth, inhalational, IV
Drug classBeta2-adrenergic agonist
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
MetabolismLiver
Onset of action<15 min (inhaled), <30 min (pill)[6]
Elimination half-life3.8–6 hours
Duration of action2–6 hrs[6]
ExcretionKidney
Identifiers
  • (RS)-4-[2-(tert-Butylamino)-1-hydroxyethyl]-2-(hydroxymethyl)phenol
Chemical and physical data
FormulaC13H21NO3
Molar mass239.315 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
ChiralityRacemic mixture
  • CC(C)(C)NCC(C1=CC(=C(C=C1)O)CO)O
  • InChI=1S/C13H21NO3/c1-13(2,3)14-7-12(17)9-4-5-11(16)10(6-9)8-15/h4-6,12,14-17H,7-8H2,1-3H3 checkY
  • Key:NDAUXUAQIAJITI-UHFFFAOYSA-N checkY
 ☒NcheckY (what is this?)  (verify)

Salbutamol, also known as albuterol and marketed as Ventolin among other brand names,[1] is a medication that opens up the medium and large airways in the lungs.[6] It is used to treat asthma, including asthma attacks, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).[6] It may also be used to treat high blood potassium levels.[10] Salbutamol is usually used with an inhaler or nebulizer, but it is also available in a pill, liquid, and intravenous solution.[6][11] Onset of action of the inhaled version is typically within 15 minutes and lasts for two to six hours.[6]

Common side effects include shakiness, headache, fast heart rate, dizziness, and feeling anxious.[6] Serious side effects may include worsening bronchospasm, irregular heartbeat, and low blood potassium levels.[6] It can be used during pregnancy and breastfeeding, but safety is not entirely clear.[6][12] It is a short-acting β2 adrenergic receptor agonist which works by causing relaxation of airway smooth muscle.[6]

Salbutamol was patented in 1966 in Britain and became commercially available in the UK in 1969.[13][14] It was approved for medical use in the United States in 1982.[6] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.[15] Salbutamol is available as a generic medication.[6] The wholesale cost in the developing world of an inhaler which contains 200 doses is between US$1.12 and US$2.64 as of 2014.[16] In the United States, it is between US$25 and US$50 for a typical month's supply.[17] In 2017, it was the tenth most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 50 million prescriptions.[18][19]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Salbutamol". Drugs.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-30. Retrieved April 11, 2016.
  2. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration (2018-12-19). "Prescribing medicines in pregnancy database". Australian Government. Archived from the original on 2016-12-20. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  3. ^ a b "Albuterol Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 8 March 2019. Archived from the original on 7 December 2019. Retrieved 21 December 2019.
  4. ^ Thereaputic Goods Administration. "Poisons Standard October 2017". Australian Government. Archived from the original on 2018-01-11. Retrieved 2018-01-11.
  5. ^ "Prescription Drug List". Government of Canada. Archived from the original on 2017-07-12. Retrieved 2017-06-20.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l "Albuterol". Drugs.com. The American Society of Health-System Pharmacists. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08. Retrieved Dec 2, 2015.
  7. ^ a b "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 29 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  8. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 29 January 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  9. ^ "WHOCC - ATC/DDD Index". www.whocc.no. Archived from the original on 22 January 2021. Retrieved 4 September 2020.
  10. ^ Mahoney BA, Smith WA, Lo DS, Tsoi K, Tonelli M, Clase CM (April 2005). "Emergency interventions for hyperkalaemia". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (2): CD003235. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003235.pub2. PMC 6457842. PMID 15846652.
  11. ^ Starkey ES, Mulla H, Sammons HM, Pandya HC (September 2014). "Intravenous salbutamol for childhood asthma: evidence-based medicine?" (PDF). Archives of Disease in Childhood. 99 (9): 873–7. doi:10.1136/archdischild-2013-304467. PMID 24938536. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-09-08.
  12. ^ Yaffe, Sumner J. (2011). Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk (9th ed.). Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p. 32. ISBN 9781608317080. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08.
  13. ^ Landau, Ralph (1999). Pharmaceutical innovation: revolutionizing human health. Philadelphia: Chemical Heritage Press. p. 226. ISBN 9780941901215. Archived from the original on 2015-12-08.
  14. ^ Fischer, Jnos; Ganellin, C. Robin (2006). Analogue-based Drug Discovery. John Wiley & Sons. p. 542. ISBN 9783527607495. Archived from the original on 2019-03-06. Retrieved 2019-03-03.
  15. ^ World Health Organization (2019). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019. Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl:10665/325771.
  16. ^ "Salbutamol". International Drug Price Indicator Guide. Archived from the original on 22 January 2018. Retrieved 5 December 2015.
  17. ^ Hamilton, Richart (2015). Tarascon Pocket Pharmacopoeia 2015 Deluxe Lab-Coat Edition. Jones & Bartlett Learning. p. 448. ISBN 9781284057560.
  18. ^ "The Top 300 of 2020". ClinCalc. Archived from the original on 18 March 2020. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
  19. ^ "Albuterol - Drug Usage Statistics". ClinCalc. 1 December 1981. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 11 April 2020.
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