User:Mr. Ibrahem/Pitted keratolysis

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Pitted keratolysis
Other namesKeratolysis plantare sulcatum, keratoma plantare sulcatum, ringed keratolysis,[1] sweaty sock syndrome[2]
Right foot affected with pitted keratolysis
SpecialtyDermatology
SymptomsPit like holes in the foot skin, bad smell[3]
CausesCorynebacterium bacteria[2]
Risk factorsExcessive sweating, occlusive footwear, diabetes, older age[2][3]
Diagnostic methodBased on symptom[3]
Differential diagnosisAthlete's foot, plantar warts, palmoplantar keratoderma[4]
PreventionKeeping feet dry (moisture-wicking socks, antiperspirant)[2]
TreatmentAntibiotic cream[2]
FrequencyRelatively common[5]

Pitted keratolysis is a superficial bacterial skin infection of the foot.[3] Symptoms include areas of pits on the weight bearing parts of the soles of the feet and bad smelling feet.[6] The pits are generally about 1 to 7 mm in size.[2][5] The areas may also be sore or itchy.[3]

The cause is often infection by Corynebacterium bacteria such as Kytococcus sedentarius .[2] Risk factors include excessive sweating of the feet, occlusive footwear, diabetes, and older age.[2][3] Diagnosis is usually based on appearance and smell.[3]

Treatment is with antibiotics applied to the skin, such as clindamycin, erythromycin, or mupirocin.[2] Benzoyl peroxide may also be used.[2] Prevention is by keeping the feet dry by using moisture-wicking socks and antiperspirant.[2]

Pitted keratolysis is relatively common, with 2.5% of people in New Zealand affected.[5] Professions at risk include military, farmers, athletes, and sailors.[3] Males are more commonly affected than females.[3] It occurs more commonly among those in tropical locations who do not wear shoes.[5] It was first described in 1910 by Castellani.[7][8]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007). Dermatology: 2-Volume Set. St. Louis: Mosby. ISBN 978-1-4160-2999-1.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Hsu, AR; Hsu, JW (July 2012). "Topical review: skin infections in the foot and ankle patient". Foot & Ankle International (Review). 33 (7): 612–9. doi:10.3113/FAI.2012.0612. PMID 22835400.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i "Pitted keratolysis | DermNet NZ". dermnetnz.org. Archived from the original on 7 April 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  4. ^ Fernández-Crehuet, P; Ruiz-Villaverde, R (21 April 2015). "Pitted keratolysis: an infective cause of foot odour". CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal Journal de l'Association medicale canadienne. 187 (7): 519. doi:10.1503/cmaj.140809. PMID 25712956.
  5. ^ a b c d Bristow, IR; Lee, YL (March 2014). "Pitted keratolysis: a clinical review". Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association (Review). 104 (2): 177–82. doi:10.7547/0003-0538-104.2.177. PMID 24725039.
  6. ^ James, William D.; Elston, Dirk; Treat, James R.; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Neuhaus, Isaac (2020). "14. Bacterial infections". Andrews' Diseases of the Skin: Clinical Dermatology (13th ed.). Edinburgh: Elsevier. p. 267. ISBN 978-0-323-54753-6. Archived from the original on 2023-07-01. Retrieved 2023-06-01.
  7. ^ Sacchidanand, S.; AS, Savitha; K, Shilpa (30 June 2013). Snapshots in Dermatology. JP Medical Ltd. p. 570. ISBN 978-93-5090-459-6. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
  8. ^ Goldsmith, Lowell A.; Katz, Stephen I.; Gilchrest, Barbara A.; Paller, Amy; Leffell, David J.; Wolff, Klaus (22 February 2012). Fitzpatrick's Dermatology in General Medicine, Eighth Edition, 2 Volume set. McGraw Hill Professional. p. 2145. ISBN 978-0-07-171755-7. Archived from the original on 15 May 2022. Retrieved 14 May 2022.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=User:Mr._Ibrahem/Pitted_keratolysis&oldid=1212498170"