User:Marcelus/sandbox2

Rody pruskie:

• Emigranci z Prus zakonnych
  • von Baysen
  • Pfeildorf
  • Mortangen
  • Felden
  • Legendorf
  • Cygenberg
  • Dameraw
  • Zehmen
  • Bajerscy

Since Teutonic times the language of the Prussian elite and administration has been German. This did not change after the incorporation into the kingdom of Poland. It was only from the beginning of the 16th century that the role of the Polish language began to increase. Since 1527 there have been complaints from representatives of large cities that some council members use Polish, although they know German. In 1555, a canon of Gniezno delivered a speech to the Prussian Sejm in Polish, without the help of an interpreter. In the second half of the 16th century, royal decrees were issued in Polish, debates in the Landtag were held in Polish.

Great Prussian families polonised their names: the Baysen to Bażyński; the Zehmen to Cema; the Dameraw to Działyński, and the Mortangen to Mortęski, the Kleinfelds to Krupocki.

księstwa

• gródeckie: księstwo gródeckie
• kleckie: księstwo kleckie - Michajłuszka
• pińskie: księstwo pińskie - zrutenizowani Litwini
• kobryńskie: księstwo kobryńskie - zrutenizowani Litwini
• druckie: księstwo druckie - zrutenizowani Litwini
• łukomskie: księstwo łukomskie - ruskie
• świrskie: księstwo świrskie - zrutenizowani Litwini (etniczna Litwa)
• holszańskie: księstwo holszańskie - zrutenizowani Litwini (etniczna Litwa)
• łohojskie: księstwo łohojskie - ruskie
• trubeckie: księstwo trubeckie - ruskie

Rody magnackie Ukrainy:

• Ostrogski
• Zasławski
• Korecki
• Sanguszko
• Czartoryski
• Zbaraski
• Wiśniowiecki

• Niemirycz/Nemyrych
• Czaplic
• Sieniuta

Polskie rodziny szlacheckie na Litwie:

• Brzostowski
• Gosiewski
• Komorowski
• Kossakowski
• Radzimiński
• Rajecki
• Wołmiński
• Wiesiołowski

• Kiszka family
• Ciechanowiecki

Lord families in 15th century Lithuania

Reign of Vytautas:

1. Czupurna: Stanisław - marszałek w.ks
2. Dowgirdowicz/Daugirdai
3. Goštautai/Gasztołd
4. Gedgaudai/Giedygołd
5. Golimunowicz - Golimun
6. Korejwicz - Albrecht Korewa de Sawgodsko
7. Mingaiłowicz - Mingaiło Michał
8. Moniwidowicz/Manvydas family (Manvydai)
9. Montygirdowicz/Mantigirdaičiai or Mantigirdai
10. Naczkowicz - Gunewil, starosta trocki
11. Niemirowicz/Nemiravičiai
12. Ostykowicz/Astikai
13. Sakowicz/Sakaičiai
14. Sunigajłowicz/Sungailavičiai or Sungailos
15. Wolimuntowicz/Kęsgailos
16. Dowojna Dowojno
17. Getowdowicz
18. Montygaiłowicz
19. Olechnowicz
20. Tewtygirdowicz
21. Wołczkowicz
22. Zienowicz

The crystallization of a group of lords continued until the mid-15th century. In the battle of Grunwald, there were no lordly banners, the Lithuanian army was grouped under the signs of the Grand Duke. At the beginning of the reign of Casimir Jagiellon the principle was established that lords were not "trustees", i.e., they were not subject to the authority of governors, and their estates were equivalent to counties, they were subject only to the authority of the grand duke and voivodes. Tax collectors have no access to their territory, and the lords themselves are responsible for collecting contingents and raising their own banners.

Civil war:

1. Jundziłłowicz
2. Montowtowicz
3. Naruszewicz
4. Olizarowicz - Ruthenian
5. Wiażewicz - Ruthenian
6. Pac
7. Raczkowicz
8. Petraszkowicz
9. Sudymontowicz
10. Gojcewicz

Most important:

1. Dowgirdowicz/Daugirdai
2. Dowojnowicz - Olechno Dowojnowicz
3. Goštautai/Gasztołd
4. Gedigołdowicz/Gedgaudai
5. Giedroyć
6. Holszański
7. Wolimuntowicz/Kęsgailos/Kieżgajło
8. Montowtowicz
9. Moniwidowicz/Manvydas family (Manvydai)
10. Montygirdowicz/Mantigirdaičiai or Mantigirdai
11. Niemirowicz/Nemiravičiai
12. Olechnowicz/Zabrzeziński
13. Ostrogscy
14. Ostykowicz/Astikai
15. Radziwiłł
16. Pac
17. Sakowicz/Sakaičiai
18. Słuccy
19. Sudymontowicz
20. Świrscy
21. Zasławski - L, Jaunutis/Jawnuta Giedyminowicz
22. Zienowicz/Zenowicz
23. Chodkiewicz - R
24. Wiażewicz/Hlebowicz - R
25. Strumiłło/Kiszka - P
26. Sapieha

Marszałkowie wołyńscy

The authority of the Volhynian Marshal extended to the districts of Lutsk and Vladimir. During the war the marshal led the nobility of these lands. His income was a share in the headship for the killed noblemen's servants. He belonged to the ducal council. In the course of time, he merged with the office of the Voivode of Volhynia.

• Olizar Szyłowicz Kierdejewicz
• Piotr Janowicz Montygerdowicz Biały (Petras Jonaitis Mantigirdaitis)
• Semen Jurjewicz Holszański
• Michał Iwanowicz Ostrogski
• Fedor Januszewicz
• Konstantny Iwanowicz Ostrogski (-1530)
• Andrej Aleksandrowicz Sanguszko (1522-1534)
• Fedor Sanguszko (1535-1547)
• Piotr Kiszka (1548-1550)
• Konstanty Wasyl Ostrogski (1550-1608)