User:HuangdiOfSongChina/Zhao Hong

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Zhao Hong
趙竑
Crown Prince of the Song dynasty
Reign1221–1224
PredecessorZhao Xun
SuccessorZhao Yun[1]
EmperorEmperor Ningzong
BornZhao Guihe, Zhao Jun (趙貴和 趙均)
1207
Died1225 (aged 17–18)
IssueZhao Quan
HouseHouse of Zhao
FatherZhao Xiqu
Zhao Hong
Chinese趙竑
Literal meaning"Zhao Hong"
In this Chinese name, the family name is Zhao.

Zhao Hong (1207 – 1225) was one of the three adopted crown princes[2] of the childless Emperor Ningzong. He was a descendant of Emperor Taizu through Zhao Defang and thus had a better claim to the throne than Zhao Xun and Zhao Yuju. Zhao Hong liked and was skilled at the piano.[3] Shi used this fact to later discover Hong’s plot. It is said by some historians that he was driven by power and wanted the throne.[4]

Early life[edit]

He was the 8th-generational-descendant of Emperor Taizu from his son, Zhao Defang. This made Zhao Hong a closer cousin of Ningzong than his rival Zhao Yuju and the now deceased Zhao Xun as both of them were from the branch of Zhao Dezhao.

Discovery[edit]

In 1220, Zhao Xun died from dysentery.[5] The Chancellor Shi Miyuan was sent by Ningzong to locate another heir for the throne and discovered Zhao Hong in 1221 who was adopted by Ningzong and was named as Crown Prince the same year.[6][5]

Crown Prince[edit]

Initially, Hong had a good relationship with Shi but Hong soon grew resentful and dissatisfied with Shi’s actions and planned to depose Shi when he took the throne.[7][3] Hong then recorded Shi’s actions and is reported to have said “Shi Miyuan should be allocated eight thousand miles.”[8]

In 1223, Shi Miyuan discovered that Hong was planning to remove Shi from power after Ningzong died.[7] It is suggested that Shi placed a piano-playing[9] courtesan in the crown prince's company, and through her learned of the heir apparent's plot to remove Shi from power after attaining the throne.[10] This frightened Shi who thought about it day and night but luckily for Shi, Hong was not aware of the plot.[11][3]

Deposition[edit]

Zhao Yun, Zhao Hong’s rival and a minor prince who later took the throne.

When Emperor Ningzong suddenly collapsed and then died in 1224, Shi wished to appoint a minor prince named Zhao Guicheng[12] as the new heir out of fear that Hong might depose him.[13][11][8] Around this time, Zhao Hong had his only child, a son named Zhao Quan but Quan was most likely stillborn ending Zhao Hong’s own line of succession.[14][15] Shi forced Empress Dowager Yang to issue an edict deposing Zhao Hong and elevating Zhao Guicheng to Crown Prince.[10] Shi also felt that Hong had lacked judgement, temperament, and responsibility while Zhao Guicheng was superior in intellect and temperament.[5][16] Shi and Yang were first-hand witnesses to Guangzong’s insanity and therefore, did not want Zhao Hong on the throne as he might be unstable and incompetent.[5] In September 17, 1224, Zhao Guicheng who would later change his name to Zhao Yun took the throne as the Baoqing Emperor and would be known as Emperor Lizong after his death.[10] The deposed Zhao Hong was then exiled to Huzhou after refusing to bow to the New Emperor out of anger.[17][7][8][18]

Death[edit]

Zhao Hong died in 1225 as he was fighting for the throne so he was strangled to death by assassins possibly sent by Shi.[4][5][3][6][8]

Genghis Khan[edit]

In the Genghis Khan wikipedia article, a man named Zhao Hong reports in his travelogue that the Mongols he questioned did not know and had never known their ages. This may have been the Crown Prince but, it is likely a different Zhao Hong.

Family[edit]

  1. Unknown
    1. Zhao Quan (趙銓; 1224)

References[edit]

  1. ^ Zhao Yun’s other names include Zhao Guicheng and Zhao Yuju.
  2. ^ Crown Princes. 1. Zhao Xun 2. Zhao Hong 3. Zhao Yuju
  3. ^ a b c d "Baike Baidu - Zhao Hong". Baike Baidu.
  4. ^ a b "Why did Zhao Hong oppose Shi Miyuan and Empress Yang?". lishi.zhuixue.net. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  5. ^ a b c d e Davis, Richard L. "Troubles in Paradise: the Shrinking Royal Family in Southern Song" (PDF). National Palace Museum.
  6. ^ a b "Zhao Hong - Wikipedia". en.m.wikipedia.org. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  7. ^ a b c "Zhao Hong is dissatisfied with what Shi Miyuan has done". 雪花新闻 (in Chinese (China)). 2018-10-11. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  8. ^ a b c d "理宗赵昀". www.saohua.com. Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  9. ^ Or a lute-playing courtesan.
  10. ^ a b c Lily Xiao Hong Lee; Sue Wiles (28 January 2015). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, Volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644. Taylor & Francis. pp. 789–790. ISBN 978-1-317-51561-6.
  11. ^ a b 宋史. pp. 卷二百四十六·列传第五.
  12. ^ Zhao Yuju changed his name to Zhao Guicheng in 1222.
  13. ^ David R. Olson (17 June 2013). Technology, Literacy, and the Evolution of Society: Implications of the Work of Jack Goody. Psychology Press. p. 64. ISBN 978-1-134-81298-1.
  14. ^ 《宋史·卷246》
  15. ^ "Chinese Wikipedia - Zhao Hong". zh.m.wikipedia.org (in Chinese). Retrieved 2018-11-02.
  16. ^ Cambridge History - Volume 5. pp. pp. 833 - 838. {{cite book}}: |pages= has extra text (help)
  17. ^ 《宋史疑雲]]》，吳蔚著，知本家文化事業有限公司出版，2008年1月
  18. ^ Zhao Hong was eventually forced to bow.
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