User:Garygo golob/Selca dialect/sandbox
| Selca dialect | |
|---|---|
| Native to | Slovenia |
| Region | Selca Valley, Upper Carniola |
| Ethnicity | Slovenes |
Early forms | Southeastern Slovene dialect
|
| Dialects |
|
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | – |
 Selca dialect | |
| South Slavic languages and dialects |
|---|
This article uses Logar transcription.
The Selca dialect (Slovene: selško narečje [séːwʃkɔ naˈɾéːt͡ʃjɛ],[1] selščina[2]) is a Slovene dialect, very close to Upper Carniolan dialect, but showing some features of Rovte dialectal group. It is characterized by extensive syncope, monopthongization of diphthongs and shortening of long close vowels. It is spoken in Selca Valley in Upper Carniola region. It borders Upper Carniolan dialect to the north and northeast, Škofja Loka dialect to the southeast, Poljane dialect to the south, Cerkno dialect to the southwest and Bača subdialect of Tolmin dialect to the west.[3] The dialect can be split further to the western, non-tonal dialects and eastern, tonal dialects. The dialect belongs to the Upper Carniolan dialect group, and it evolved from Upper Carniolan dialect base.[3][4]
Geographical distribution[edit]
The dialect extends on a smaller area between Upper Carniolan dialect and Rovte dialects. It is present in Selca Valley along Selška Sora, up to around Praprotno, where it transitions into Škofja Loka dialect. On the north, it is bounded by Ratitovec and Jelovica and on the south by Škofjeloško hribovje. The dialect is spoken west up to Podporezen and Petrovo Brdo, south up to Davča and Zapreval, west up to Praprotno and Strmica and north up to Dražgoše and Zgornje Danje. The border between subdivision is between Podlonk and Železniki. Notable settlements include Železniki, Zgornja Sorica, Zali Log, Studeno, Dražgoše, Selca, Dolenja Vas, and Praprotno.[3]
Accentual changes[edit]
The dialect still retains length distinctions, except for *ī and *ū, where which became significantly shorter than other long vowels, and short *-ì and *-ù turned into schwa (ə).[5] Eastern microdialects also retain pitch accent. The microdialects in Slovenski Lingvistični Atlas show a rather clear divide between the tonal and non-tonal dialects,[6] however Matej Šekli is rather vague when discussing which microdialects are tonal, saying only that some are tonal and some are not.[7] It has undergone only the *ženȁ → *žèna accent shift.[8]
Phonology[edit]
The dialect is pretty poorly studied and the only microdialect covered in detail is Selca microdialect, and this section focuses on it.
The phonology is similar to that of Upper Carniolan dialect. It evolved from southern proto-dialect, which was characterized by early lengthening of non-final vowels, which are now represented by the same sound.[7] The dialect lacks diphthongs for the most part, which is a rarity for Slovene dialects, but common for Upper Carniolan dialect. Generally, all long e-like sounds turned into ẹː and all long o-like sounds turned into ọː. *e and *o that became stressed after the *ženȁ → *žèna shift are open-mid eː and oː, respectively. One of the key differences that differentiate it from Upper Carniolan dialect is the shortening of long *ī and *ū because of the influence of Rovte dialects. Stressed syllabic *ł̥ turned into oːu̯ and *r̥ turned into ər. Long *ə̄ turned into aː.[9]
There is extensive syncope and a lot of short vowels reduced, even grater than in Upper Carniolan dialect. Short stressed *-ù, *-ì and *-ě̀ have all turned into ə; the same holds true most of the time for its unstressed counterparts. If these sounds are in a close position with l, m, or n, they often turn into syllabic l̥, m̥ and n̥. Ukanye (o→ u) is present for the initial *o-. The most commonly omitted vowel is *i, which is often omitted in final position, and sometimes also in between. Omissions of *ə, *ě and *u are also common.[5]
However, consonants did not experience as much simplification as in Upper Carniolan dialect. Most of the dialects lack shvapanye (*ł → u̯), secondary palatalization of velars before front vowels and spirantization of stops is not so common, however these features vary from dialect to dialect.[7] Cluster *šč is at least in Selca dialect simplified into š and palatal *ĺ, *ń depalatalized and merged with *l and *n, respectively. Initial o- got a prosthetic u̯ or v.[10] Final obstruents still retain voicing.[11] In Sorica on the westernmost part of the dialect, alveolar *s, *z, and *c merged with post-alveolar *š, *ž, and *č, respectively. This is a feature more common for Bača subdialect.[12]
Morphology[edit]
Little is known about the morphology. Ending -om in o-stem nouns turned into -am, nouns ending in -l̥ get -n- infix before the ending. Infinitive does not have ending -i, however too little research was done to accentually determine whether the infinitive is short or long. There is masculinization of neuter nouns,[5][13] but it is unknown whether feminization also occurs in plural.
References[edit]
- ^ Smole, Vera. 1998. "Slovenska narečja." Enciklopedija Slovenije vol. 12, pp. 1–5. Ljubljana: Mladinska knjiga, p. 2.
- ^ Priestly, Tom S. 1984. "O popolni izgubi srednjega spola v selščini: enodobni opis," Slavistična revija 32: 37-47.
- ^ a b c "Karta slovenskih narečij z večjimi naselji" (PDF). Fran.si. Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša ZRC SAZU. Retrieved June 8, 2020.
- ^ Šekli (2018:335–339)
- ^ a b c Benedik (1995:56–58)
- ^ Škofic, Jožica; et al. (2016). SLOVENSKI lingvistični atlas. 2, Kmetija [Kartografsko gradivo] (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Založba ZRC. pp. 12–15. ISBN 978-961-254-879-7.
- ^ a b c Šekli (2018:333)
- ^ Šekli (2018:311–314)
- ^ Benedik (1995:55)
- ^ Benedik (1995:57–58)
- ^ Toporišič, Jože. 1992. Enciklopedija slovenskega jezika. Ljubljana: Cankarjeva založba, pp. 52–53.
- ^ Logar (1996:3)
- ^ Logar (1996:9)
Bibliography[edit]
- Benedik, Francka (1995). Fonološki opis govora vasi Selca. No. 24–25 (in Slovenian). Zagreb: Hrvatska akademija znanosti i umjetnosti. pp. 53–59. eISSN 1848-8919. ISSN 0449-363X.
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- Logar, Tine (1996). Kenda-Jež, Karmen (ed.). Dialektološke in jezikovnozgodovinske razprave [Dialectological and etymological discussions] (in Slovenian). Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU, Inštitut za slovenski jezik Frana Ramovša. ISBN 961-6182-18-8.
- Šekli, Matej (2018). Legan Ravnikar, Andreja (ed.). Tipologija lingvogenez slovanskih jezikov (in Slovenian). Translated by Plotnikova, Anastasija. Ljubljana: Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU. ISBN 978-961-05-0137-4.
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