User:Doctormatt/sandbox
Upholstery filling[edit]
Buckwheat hulls are used as filling for a variety of upholstered goods, including pillows and zafu. The hulls are durable and do not insulate or reflect heat as much as synthetic filling. They are sometimes marketed as an alternative natural filling to feathers for those with allergies. However, medical studies to measure the health effects of pillows manufactured with unprocessed and uncleaned hulls concluded that such buckwheat pillows do contain higher levels of a potential allergen that may trigger asthma in susceptible individuals than do new synthetic-filled pillows.[1][2]
However, medical studies to measure the health effects of pillows manufactured with unprocessed and uncleaned hulls concluded that such buckwheat pillows do contain higher levels of a potential allergen that may trigger asthma in susceptible individuals than do new synthetic-filled pillows. However, medical studies to measure the health effects of pillows manufactured with unprocessed and uncleaned hulls concluded that such buckwheat pillows do contain higher levels of a potential allergen that may trigger asthma in susceptible individuals than do new synthetic-filled pillows. However, medical studies to measure the health effects of pillows manufactured with unprocessed and uncleaned hulls concluded that such buckwheat pillows do contain higher levels of a potential allergen that may trigger asthma in susceptible individuals than do new synthetic-filled pillows.
Production[edit]
| Buckwheat production – 2017 | |
|---|---|
| Country | tonnes |
 Russia |
1,524,280 |
 China |
1,447,292 |
 Ukraine |
180,440 |
 France |
127,406 |
 Kazakhstan |
120,379 |
| World | 3,827,748 |
| Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations[3] | |
Historically, the Russian Empire was the world leader in buckwheat production.[4] Growing areas in the Russian Empire were estimated at 6.5 million acres (2,600,000 ha), followed by those of France at 0.9 million acres (360,000 ha).[5] In 1970, the Soviet Union grew an estimated 4.5 million acres (1,800,000 ha) of buckwheat. As of 2016, it remains a key cereal.[6][3]
In the northeastern United States, buckwheat was a common crop in the 18th and 19th centuries. Cultivation declined sharply in the 20th century due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer, to which maize and wheat respond strongly. Over 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) were harvested in the United States in 1918. By 1954, that had declined to 150,000 acres (61,000 ha), and by 1964, the last year annual production statistics were gathered by USDA, only 50,000 acres (20,000 ha) were grown. However, it may benefit from an "explosion in popularity of so-called ancient grains" reported in the years 2009-2014.[7] In 2017, world production was 3.8 million tonnes, led by Russia with 40% of the world total, followed by China with 38% and Ukraine with 5%.[3]
Buckwheat hulls are used as filling for a variety of upholstered goods, including pillows and zafu. The hulls are durable and do not insulate or reflect heat as much as synthetic filling. They are sometimes marketed as an alternative natural filling to feathers for those with allergies. However, medical studies to measure the health effects of pillows manufactured with unprocessed and uncleaned hulls concluded that such buckwheat pillows do contain higher levels of a potential allergen that may trigger asthma in susceptible individuals than do new synthetic-filled pillows.[8][9]
Production[edit]
| Buckwheat production – 2017 | |
|---|---|
| Country | tonnes |
| Russia |
1,524,280 |
| China |
1,447,292 |
| Ukraine |
180,440 |
| France |
127,406 |
| Kazakhstan |
120,379 |
| World | 3,827,748 |
| Source: FAOSTAT of the United Nations[3] | |
Historically, the Russian Empire was the world leader in buckwheat production.[10] Growing areas in the Russian Empire were estimated at 6.5 million acres (2,600,000 ha), followed by those of France at 0.9 million acres (360,000 ha).[11] In 1970, the Soviet Union grew an estimated 4.5 million acres (1,800,000 ha) of buckwheat. As of 2016, it remains a key cereal.[12][3]
In the northeastern United States, buckwheat was a common crop in the 18th and 19th centuries. Cultivation declined sharply in the 20th century due to the use of nitrogen fertilizer, to which maize and wheat respond strongly. Over 1,000,000 acres (400,000 ha) were harvested in the United States in 1918. By 1954, that had declined to 150,000 acres (61,000 ha), and by 1964, the last year annual production statistics were gathered by USDA, only 50,000 acres (20,000 ha) were grown. However, it may benefit from an "explosion in popularity of so-called ancient grains" reported in the years 2009-2014.[13] In 2017, world production was 3.8 million tonnes, led by Russia with 40% of the world total, followed by China with 38% and Ukraine with 5%.[3]
- ^ Chein Soo Hong; Hae Sim Park; Seung Heon Oh (December 1987). "Dermatophagoides Farinae, an Important Allergenic Substance in Buckwheat-Husk Pillows" (PDF). Yonsei Medical Journal. 28 (4): 274–281. doi:10.3349/ymj.1987.28.4.274. PMID 3439196.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Hae-Seon Nam; Choon-Sik Park; Julian Crane; Rob Siebers (2004). "Endotoxin and House Dust Mite Allergen Levels on Synthetic and Buckwheat Pillows". Journal of Korean Medical Science. 19 (4): 505–8. doi:10.3346/jkms.2004.19.4.505. ISSN 1011-8934. PMC 2816881. PMID 15308838.
- ^ a b c d e f "Buckwheat production in 2017, Crops/Regions/World list/Production Quantity (pick lists)". UN Food and Agriculture Organization, Corporate Statistical Database (FAOSTAT). 2017. Retrieved 9 December 2019.
- ^ William Pokhlyobkin. "The Plight of Russian Buckwheat" (in Russian). Title in Russian: Тяжёлая судьба русской гречихи
- ^ J. R. N. Taylor; P. S. Belton (2002). Pseudocereals and Less Common Cereals. Springer. p. 125. ISBN 978-3-540-42939-5.
- ^ Steve Rosenberg (28 November 2014). "How buckwheat sheds light on Russia's soul". BBC News. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
- ^ Joanna Jolly (16 December 2014). "Why do Americans love ancient grains". BBC News, Washington DC. Retrieved 16 December 2014.
- ^ Chein Soo Hong; Hae Sim Park; Seung Heon Oh (December 1987). "Dermatophagoides Farinae, an Important Allergenic Substance in Buckwheat-Husk Pillows" (PDF). Yonsei Medical Journal. 28 (4): 274–281. doi:10.3349/ymj.1987.28.4.274. PMID 3439196.
{{cite journal}}: Unknown parameter|last-author-amp=ignored (|name-list-style=suggested) (help) - ^ Hae-Seon Nam; Choon-Sik Park; Julian Crane; Rob Siebers (2004). "Endotoxin and House Dust Mite Allergen Levels on Synthetic and Buckwheat Pillows". Journal of Korean Medical Science. 19 (4): 505–8. doi:10.3346/jkms.2004.19.4.505. ISSN 1011-8934. PMC 2816881. PMID 15308838.
- ^ William Pokhlyobkin. "The Plight of Russian Buckwheat" (in Russian). Title in Russian: Тяжёлая судьба русской гречихи
- ^ J. R. N. Taylor; P. S. Belton (2002). Pseudocereals and Less Common Cereals. Springer. p. 125. ISBN 978-3-540-42939-5.
- ^ Steve Rosenberg (28 November 2014). "How buckwheat sheds light on Russia's soul". BBC News. Retrieved 28 November 2014.
- ^ Joanna Jolly (16 December 2014). "Why do Americans love ancient grains". BBC News, Washington DC. Retrieved 16 December 2014.