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The Morgan Bible (mostly The Pierpont Morgan Library, New York, Ms M. 638), also called the Morgan Picture Bible,Crusader Bible, the Shah ‘Abbas Bible or Maciejowski Bible, is a medieval illuminated manuscript picture book Bible of 46 surviving folios. The book consists of miniature paintings of events from the Hebrew bible, set in the scenery and customs of thirteenth-century France, depicted from a Christian perspective. These are now surrounded by text in three scripts and five languages: Latin, Persian, Arabic, Judeo-Persian, and Hebrew.[1]
Forty-three folios are in the Pierpont Morgan Library, with two folios in the Bibliothèque nationale de France (MS nouv. acq. lat. 2294). A single folio is now in the J. Paul Getty Museum, Los Angeles (MS 16).[2] Two folios are thought to be missing from the original work.
Description[edit]
The work known as the Morgan Bible, Crusader Bible, or Maciejowski Bible is part of the Pierpont Morgan Library in, New York (Ms M. 638). It is a medieval picture Bible of 48 folios. The book consists of paintings of events from Hebrew scripture, given a setting in the customs and costumes of thirteenth-century France, and concentrating on stories of kings, especially David. Originally only a picture book, the images are now surrounded by text in three scripts and five languages: Latin, Persian, Arabic, Judeo-Persian, and Hebrew.[3]
Originally, the bible contained only miniatures, organized in a consistent visual rhythm from page to page. Within 100 years, the book acquired marginal inscriptions in Latin describing the scenes illustrated.[4] Cardinal Bernard Maciejowski, Bishop of Kraków, had the book given as a gift to Abbas I (Shah of Persia) in 1608.[5] Abbas ordered inscriptions in Persian to be added, mostly translating the Latin ones already there. Later, in the eighteenth century, inscriptions were added in Judeo-Persian.[6] The Latin text allowed art historians to identify the subjects of the miniatures.[7]
Authorship[edit]
The book has traditionally been thought to have been created in Paris in the mid-1240s for Louis IX of France.[8] A suggestion by Allison Stones, developing indications by others such as François Avril, that it was instead illuminated in northern France, c. 1250,[9] has not won general acceptance.
Notes[edit]
- ^ Morgan Library, "Inscriptions"
- ^ Morgan Library, "About the Book"
- ^ Morgan Library, "About the Book"
- ^ Morgan Library, "About the Book"
- ^ Morgan Library, "Provenance"
- ^ Morgan Library, "Inscriptions"
- ^ Chaudun, Nicolas (2008). The Horse. New York, USA: Abbeville Press Publishers. p. 168. ISBN 978-07892-10180.
- ^ Mogan Library: "Patronage"
- ^ Stones, Allison (2005), "Questions of style and provenance in the Morgan Bible", Between the Word and the Picture, Princeton
References[edit]
- Hourihane, Colum (ed.), Between the Picture and the Word, Princeton Index of Christian Art, Princeton, 2005
- Cockerell, Sydney C. and John Plummer (1969), Old Testament miniatures: a medieval picture book with 283 paintings from Creation to the story of David (New York: G. Braziller) [contains reproductions of all paintings in the Morgan Bible.]
- Noel, William and Daniel Weiss, eds. (2002), The Book of Kings: Art, War, and the Morgan Library’s Medieval Picture Bible (Baltimore: Walters Art Museum). [catalog of recent exhibition]
- Jafari Mazhab, Mohsen: Ketab Moqaddse San Looyi dar Esfahan [Saint Louis`s Bible in Isfahan]" in Ketab Mah Tarikh va Joghrafia, no 13, Tehran: nov. 1998 [in Persian]
External links[edit]
