User:BobKilcoyne/sandbox

Tasks

• Academic voice
• Automatic thought
• Confraterity of Christian Doctrine
• Merge reflective thinking, reflective learning, reflective practice?
• Contract theory
• Martin Barnes (engineer)
• Chapter summaries for Romans 5, 7, 12

Technocratic paradigm

Pope Francis suggests that they are “superficial” in the sense that they do not fundamentally change our relationship with the environment or with each other. Instead, they often allow us to continue unsustainable practices while mitigating some of the most visible negative effects. https://distributistreview.com/archive/laudato-si-critique-technocratic-paradigm https://www.ncronline.org/blogs/just-catholic/globalization-technocratic-paradigm Hans Jonas.

Certain unnamed "ecological" neighbourhoods ... "which are closed to outsiders in order to ensure an artificial tranquility" are criticised in paragraph 45. Unfortunately, the encyclical does not provide any further details about these neighborhoods.

The Kingdom of God in John 3

Work programme on small economies

National Shipbuilding Strategy (UK)

Self-destructive behavior

Collective self-destruction

Within the teaching of the Catholic Church, the potential for the human race to destroy the world and, in so doing, destroy itself, has been highlighted by at least three Popes:

• Pope Paul VI wrote in Octogesima adveniens (1971) of "a tragic consequence" of unchecked human activity, "due to an ill-considered exploitation of nature, humanity runs the risk of destroying it and becoming in turn a victim of this degradation".
• Pope Benedict XVI saw the work of the Church as including "remind[ing] everyone of the duty to care for nature", and at the same time, the Church "must above all protect mankind from self-destruction".
• Pope Francis adapts Benedicts words, and adds that "an outsider looking at our world would be amazed at such behaviour, which at times appears self-destructive", and that we should "escape the spiral of self-destruction which currently engulfs us".

Animal (religion)

Religion

Animals including insects and mammals feature in mythology and religion. The Catechism of the Catholic Church teaches that

Animal's are God's creatures ... by their mere existence they bless him and give him glory. Thus men owe them kindness.

The attitudes of St. Francis and St. Philip Neri are held out in the Catechism as examples to be followed. Some Christian churches organise services for the blessing of pets.

The scarab beetle was sacred in ancient Egypt, and the cow is sacred in Hinduism. Among other mammals, deer, horses, lions, bats, bears, and wolves are the subjects of myths and worship.

Symbolic uses

The signs of the Western and Chinese zodiacs are based on animals.

In China and Japan, the butterfly has been seen as the personification of a person's soul, and in classical representation the butterfly is also the symbol of the soul.

Nature and creation

Synonymous? If you don't believe in a creative process or a creator then nature is not the same as creation.

In Laudato si', Pope Francis writes

In the Judaeo-Christian tradition, the word "creation" has a broader meaning than "nature", for it has to do with God’s loving plan in which every creature has its own value and significance. Nature is usually seen as a system which can be studied, understood and controlled, whereas creation can only be understood as a gift from the outstretched hand of the Father of all, and as a reality illuminated by the love which calls us together into universal communion. LS, sect. 76

https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Klemens_L%C3%B6ffler Author: Klemens Löffler

Global consensus

Such a consensus could lead, for example, to

• planning a sustainable and diversified agriculture,
• developing renewable and less polluting forms of energy,
• encouraging a more efficient use of energy,
• promoting a better management of marine and forest resources, and
• ensuring universal access to drinking water.

Strands

Bible reading

Rotation

Rotation: Monday = Oxford, Tuesday = BibleHub, Wednesday = Jerusalem Bible, Thursday = McEvilly (Gospels only), Friday = NABRE

Also

Alford · Barnes · Bengel · Benson · Cambridge · Jerusalem · McEvilly · https://www.ecatholic2000.com/macevilly2/untitled-46.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20230428232917/https://www.ecatholic2000.com/macevilly2/untitled-46.shtml (archived) NABRE · Oxford{,}} Google Scholar{,}} JSTOR

Wesley's Sermons

History of Christendom

• History from Pope Pontian onwards
• Parallel histories of Roman Empire, East and West

Aquinas' writings

Synod on Synodality

Methodist Conference and Methodist Council documents

Ecumenism

• Methodist/Roman Catholic dialogue documents

Woman, why are you weeping?

John 20:15

• Bogota
• Charleston, SC, AME community
• Creggan, Derry and former Townlands of County Londonderry
• Darfur
• Rojava
• Kosovo
• Refugees on Lesbos and Lampedusa
• Plus 3 from Easter 2023:
  • Yangon Region
  • the Aṉangu, traditional custodians of Uluru, and
  • Donetsk and Luhansk Oblasts.

https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/MEMO_08_435 https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_08_1003

Mark 13

Explore commentaries on whether the whole of this chapter is set in the evening of the day when Jesus has been in disputes in the temple, and whether any writers have attached any end-time relevance to this?

Public Sector Partnering Contract

Shrine Church of St Bernadette, South Brooklyn

Conversion

Conversion and/or Conversion to Christianity: perception by others of a person's conversion: Samuel Dickey Gordon refers to a man who "became a Christian late in life", whose change in lifestyle in view of his conversion was even recognisable by his cat.

The plot to kill Lazarus https://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/berr.gov.uk/whatwedo/consumers/fact-sheets/page38311.html

See also: King James Version § Standard text of 1769

A standard text or standard textbook is

Joel 1

Primarily using the English/Greek numbering.

Verse 2

Hear this, you elders,

And give ear, all you inhabitants of the land!

Has anything like this happened in your days,

Or even in the days of your fathers?

Joel refers to a calamity which is unprecedented, or in S. R. Driver's words, an "unexampled" event.

Verse 4

What the chewing locust left, the swarming locust has eaten;

What the swarming locust left, the crawling locust has eaten;

And what the crawling locust left, the consuming locust has eaten.

The "accumulation of terms" used for these locusts, also mentioned in Joel 2:25, "creates the certainty of total devastation", although their exact identity is unknown. They may represent "four varieties of insects" or four stages in the development of one insect, or they may indicate "vernacular differences". Thomas Shaw, in his Travels in Barbary and the Levant (1738), describes the preventative steps taken to avoid the devastating impact of a locust infestation:

Pits and trenches were dug, bags were provided, and combustible matter was prepared and set on fire,

although Joel makes no mention of these actions, only calling on his hearers to awake, to fast, to assemble in the temple, and to pray.

Verse 15

Alas for the day!

For the day of the Lord is near,

and as destruction from the Almighty it comes.

This verse introduces the coming of the "Day of the Lord" (or "Day of Yahweh"). According to Lutheran theologian Joachim Jeremias, the 'Day of the LORD' is "the one and only subject of the book of Joel". Douglas Stuart suggests that "this concept is so prominent in Joel that it may be likened to an engine driving the prophecy". For the editors of the Jerusalem Bible, the references to "the Day of Yahweh" serve to unite the book, which otherwise would fall into two separate parts (chapters 1 and 2, and chapters 3 and 4).

Chapter 2

Chapter 2 has been described as "more apocalytic" than the opening chapter. The invasion of locusts is described again in verses 1-11.

Verse 1

Blow the trumpet in Zion; sound the alarm on my holy hill. Let all who live in the land tremble, for the day of the LORD is coming. It is close at hand.

The trumpet sounds a warning of imminent danger.

Verses 2-9

This passage is full of similes: the word "like" is mentioned 11 times in this passage in the English Standard Version.

Verse 11

The Lord thunders at the head of his army; his forces are beyond number, and mighty is the army that obeys his command. The day of the Lord is great; it is dreadful. Who can endure it?

Keller describes both the "day" of the LORD and his army as "dreadful". The answer to the enquiry, Who can endure it, "is implied in the question: 'No one, unless God enable him'."

Verse 20

Israel's enemy "always comes from the north": the Jerusalem Bible notes that Jeremiah 1:13-15 and Ezekiel 26:7 also express this point.

Verse 23

Be glad then, you children of Zion,

And rejoice in the Lord your God;

For He has given you the former rain faithfully,

And He will cause the rain to come down for you — The former rain, And the latter rain in the first month.

The "former rain" is an uncertain translation. An alternative reading says "He has given you the Teacher of Righteousness" (Evangelical Heritage Version) or "a teacher of justice" (doctorem justitiae) in the Vulgate. The Evangelical Heritage Version observes that "the word used here for autumn rain sounds the same as the word for teacher". There may be a connection between this alternative reading and the Teacher of Righteousness in the Dead Sea Scrolls.

Verses 28-32

These verses form chapter 3 in the Hebrew numbering scheme.

Verse 31

The sun shall be turned into darkness,

And the moon into blood,

Before the coming of the great and awesome day of the LORD.

The "celestial portents" referenced in this verse influence the New Testament's descriptions in Mark 13:24 and Revelation 6:12. The imagery may have been partly suggested by eclipses, or unusual blockages to the observation of the sun and moon through atmospheric disturbances such as sand storms, cyclones, or flights of locusts.

Verse 32

And it shall come to pass that whoever calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved. For in Mount Zion and in Jerusalem there shall be deliverance, as the LORD has said, among the remnant whom the LORD calls.

This verse quotes Obadiah, verse 17, but on Mount Zion there shall be deliverance; it therefore helps to date at least the second part of Joel as post-exilic.

Chapter 3

Keller divides this chapter (chapter 4 in the Hebrew numbering scheme) into three sections:

• verses 1-8: The Judgement in the Valley Called 'YHWH judges'
• verses 9-17: The Final Battle in the Valley Called 'YHWH judges'
• verses 18-21: Final Benediction.

Verses 1-2

¹ "For behold, in those days and at that time,

When I bring back the captives of Judah and Jerusalem,

² I will also gather all nations,

And bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat;

And I will enter into judgment with them there

On account of My people, My heritage Israel,

Whom they have scattered among the nations;

They have also divided up My land.

In conjunction with the return of the captives from exile, Joel envisions God's decision (I will also) to "punish the guilty according to the principle of the lex talionis". The Valley of Jehoshaphat, or Valley of Josaphat, may be an indeterminate place, but it has been associated with sites in the Judean desert and in the Upper Kidron Valley.

Verse 14

Multitudes, multitudes in the valley of decision!

For the day of the Lord is near in the valley of decision.

In Christian thinking, the assembly of the multitudes waiting in the Valley of Decision is associated with the second advent of Christ.

Verses 18-21

This final section contains a "message of prosperity, happiness, and peace for Judah and Jerusalem", and, in contrast, "no hope for the enemies of the people of God".

Baptist writer John Gill reads this passage as "an account of the happy state of the church of Christ, their safety and security, plenty, prosperity, and purity, to the end of the world". Likewise Catholic bishop Richard Challoner treats "Judea and Jerusalem" as "the spiritual Jerusalem, viz., the Church of Christ". Albert Barnes states that they are "not earthly Judah, nor earthly Jerusalem, for these must come to an end".

I will avenge their blood and let none go unpunished.

These words in verse 21 are thought to be an additional gloss. Other translations read I will avenge their blood, blood I have not avenged, or I will acquit their bloodguilt that I have not acquitted. Driver reads this passage in a historical context: in his opinion, the murdered Judahites in verse 19 (Egypt shall be a desolation, and Edom shall be a desolate wilderness, for the violence against the children of Judah, because they have shed innocent blood in their land suffered during "a sudden and unprovoked massacre of Jews who were settled and living peaceably in the two countries named, possibly at the time of a revolt", while the words of verse 31 show that they "had suffered innocently".

Details of exact ascriptions differed between scholars.

Liturgical usage: Joel's calls to fasting and prayer, "either borrowed from the Temple ceremonial or modelled on it", have become part of the Christian Lenten liturgy.

Notes

Amos and Hosea

Comparisons and contrasts. Both Amos and Hosea attack injustice and violence, but Hosea also more insistently condemns the apostasy of the Northern Kingdom.

Lord of Yorkshire

Lady of Yorkshire Community Roll LDS Virtual Tours [www.jcfj.ie Jesuit Centre for Faith and Justice, Dublin] churchforests.org Proxy ordinances for the dead Leeds Trades Centre - add to Chapeltown

Local labour

Local labour refers to the workforce that is available within a specific geographic area, such as a city or region. This can include people who live in the area and are seeking employment, as well as those who commute from nearby locations.

A local labour clause or local labour agreement Examples include Derry, Dublin, Portsmouth, Sheffield

Balance of convenience

https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/353678943.pdf See also Jessel, J. (Sir George Jessel)

https://www.supc.ac.uk/benchmarking-a-launchpad-for-better-procurement-performance/

Better Buying Power 3.0 https://www.defense.gov/News/News-Stories/Article/Article/604461/better-buying-power-30-stresses-innovation-affordability/ Andrew Root Timothy Root https://catalystresources.org/jonathan-edwards-and-pastoring-those-who-dont-give-a-damn/ https://archive.ph/20120803220513/http://www.catholicearthcare.org.au/mandate.html

Citizen Science Conflict theory Youth ministry Ecological conversion

Standard terms (disambiguation)

Construction Playbook

https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1102386/14.116_CO_Construction_Playbook_Web.pdf

3C-SR

In a model put forward by Meehan et al. called the 3C-SR model, company reputation or credibility is linked to three 'C's, "ethical and social commitments, connections with partners in the value network and consistency of behavior over time".

EG&G

Enforcement of a teaming agreement

District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia.

Section 106 agreement

A Section 106 agreement is an agreement reached between a developer and a local planning authority in the United Kingdom. Its title refers to Section 106 of the Town and Country Planning Act 1990.

The Community Infrastructure Levy (CIL) introduced by the Planning Act 2008 partially replaced Section 106 agreements.

AB v CD (UK)

For AB v CD (2014), see Secondary obligation.

detained individuals who refuse to eat or drink in a immigration removal centre https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/detainees-who-have-refused-to-eat-or-drink

https://wlv.aws.openrepository.com/bitstream/handle/2436/560384/ARCOM%202013_Charlson_Chinyio.pdf

Full cost recovery

Full cost recovery is a principle of funding for public services which states that third sector organisations providing such services should cost their work robustly, including a relevant share of overheads and "core costs", and that the funding they receive from government should be sustainable, recognising that failing to meet overhead costs makes the services being offered unsustainable.

Arts Council England logo

In the United Kingdom, the principle of full cost recovery, "ensuring [that] publicly-funded services are not subsidised by charitable donations or volunteers", was accepted by HM Treasury in 2002 and embraced by the Gershon Report of 2004. Full cost recovery is endorsed by UK funders such as the National Lottery, for calculating payments for Community Fund projects, and by the Arts Council England.

A study of the implementation of full cost recovery undertaken by the National Audit Office (NAO) in 2007 found that:

• the UK government is committed to full cost recovery, and recognises that failing to pay the full cost of a service jeopardises the provider's ability to offer value for money in both the short term and the long term;
• the voluntary sector still believes that there are problems in regard to the implementation of the principle;
• putting the principle into practice has not proved easy.

Arising from these findings, the NAO called for the Office of the Third Sector and the Treasury to "expand on" their commitment in order to better reflect principles of "fairer funding" and a sensible approach to risk management. Depending on the extent to which service contracts were being let in a competitive context, either the bidding strategy or the negotiation stance taken by service providers should be founded on the principle of full cost recovery and steps should be taken by funders to ensure that this expectation was clearly communicated to the service provider sector.

In an international context, British Overseas NGOs for Development ("Bond") and Mango, a financial management NGO, refer to the same concept using the shorter term "cost recovery".

Category:Non-governmental organizations Category:Financial management Category:Government procurement in the United Kingdom

Cost of cure cases

For the concept of cost of cure in Jewish law, see Damages (Jewish law) § Cost of cure.

• 1921: Mertens v Home Freeholds Co, EWCA
• 1965/6: East Ham Corporation v Bernard Sunley: for damages under a building contract, "the prima facie rule is cost of cure, i.e., the cost of remedying the defect;
• 1980: William Cory & Son v Wingate Investment (London Colney) Ltd. 17 BLR 104 CA
• 1995: Darlington BC v Wiltshier Northern Ltd., 1995 1 WLR 68: Lord Steyn takes account of East Ham but adds that "where the cost of remedying the defects involves expense out of all proportion to the benefit which could accrue from it, the court is entitled to adopt the alternative measure of difference of the value of the works".
• 1995: Ruxley Electronics & Construction Ltd v Forsyth UKHL 8, [1996], also refers to CR Taylor (Wholesale) Ltd v Hepworths Ltd. [1977] 2 All ER 784, [1977] 1 WLR 659, Minscombe Properties Ltd v Sir Alfred McAlpine & Sons Ltd. (1986) 2 Const LJ 303 and leading textbooks both here [the UK] and in the United States, to the effect that "mitigation is not the only area in which the concept of reasonableness has an impact on the law of damages".

Brian Edgar Beck

Brian Edgar Beck ( - 2022) was a former President and Secretary of the Methodist Conference in Great Britain, a presbyter who also served as a mission partner, and a college tutor and principal. During his term as Secretary of the Methodist Conference he reformed publication of the denomination's Constitutional Practice and Discipline (CPD), making an annual revised edition available to those who made use of CPD and needed to have access to the amendments made at each year's conference.

Sayings of Jesus

The hypothetical Q source is said to provide the material which Matthew and Luke used for the "sayings" or "discourses" of Jesus. The Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels contained in the Jerusalem Bible (1966) notes a theory adopted "particularly in Catholic circles", according to which Matthew and Luke's texts use sayings from a Q source and another "Supplementary Collection of Logia", "supplementary, that is, to Matthew Aramaic, because it was meant to preserve matter omitted from that gospel or to preserve in some different and more desirable form matter which that gospel already confirmed". The editors suggest that Matthew and Luke both use Matthew Aramaic where their material is consistently presented, and use the Supplementary Collection, but in different ways, where their layout is different: Luke's account of Jesus' journey to Jerusalem from 9:51 to 18:14 keeps the Supplementary Collection together as a unit, whereas Matthew has its contents dispersed across his five discourses.

From this hypothesis, the repetition within Matthew and Luke of some sayings ("doublets") is thought to arise because the sayings were contained in both of the sources each evangelist used, Matthew Aramaic and the Supplementary Collection, in each case using a Greek translation and not the Aramaic original.

Luke 9:18-20

American biblical writer Henry Hampton Halley states that between verses 17 and 18, about 8 months intervene. Nicoll notes the interval in terms of a "great gap" compared to the gospels of Matthew and Mark: everything between Matthew 14:22 and Matthew 16:12, and between Mark 6:45 and Mark 8:27 being omitted, including the second miracle of the loaves or the feeding of the 4,000 and the visit to Caesarea Philippi. Various explanations of the omission have been suggested:

• accident (Meyer, Godet), perhaps specifically a mistake of the eye, passing from the second feeding as if it were the first (Beyschlag)
• these verses were not in the copy of Mark which was used by Luke (Reuss).

However, Nicoll also explores whether the omission might have been intentional, noting that verse 18 states that as Jesus "was alone praying, his disciples were with him",

The NKJV suggests instead, and it happened, as He was alone praying, that His disciples joined Him. The New English Translation suggests instead that the disciples were "nearby".

Verse 22

He said to them, "But who do you say that I am?"

Peter answered and said, "The Christ of God".

Peter's answer to Jesus' question is often referred to as "Peter's confession". Presbyterian minister Marvin Vincent notes that "each evangelist gives Peter's confession differently".

Luke 19:37

Luke's account associates the disciples' praise of God with the miracles they had seen.

John 8:25

Verse 25

Then they said to Him, "Who are You?"

And Jesus said to them, “Just what I have been saying to you from the beginning".

The Jerusalem Bible lists various translation options for this "very obscure text". Westcott and Hort's Greek text (WHNU) reads: ελεγον ουν αυτω συ τις ει ειπεν αυτοις [ο] ιησους την αρχην ο τι και λαλω υμιν (elegon oun autō su tis ei eipen autois [ho] Iēsous tēn archēn ho ti kai lalō humin). The words which create difficulty are την αρχην (tēn archēn, "from the beginning") and their position within the sentence. Vulgate: Dicebant ergo ei: Tu quis es? Dixit eis Jesus: Principium, qui et loquor vobis. (They said therefore to him: Who art thou? Jesus said to them: The beginning, who also speak unto you.) The JB states that this interpretation is "grammatically impossible".

Ricketts v Torbay Council

Ricketts v Torbay Council is an unreported case in which Eileen Ricketts claimed against Torbay Council

Industrial policy of the United Kingdom

Aims to "ensure the UK remains one of the best places in the world to innovate, do business, invest and create jobs". https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/uk-industrial-strategy-a-leading-destination-to-invest-and-grow https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/672468/uk-industrial-strategy-international-brochure-single-pages.pdf

The Clean Growth Strategy (October 2017, with an amended version published in April 2018) stated that

Achieving clean growth, while ensuring an affordable energy supply for businesses and consumers, is at the heart of the UK’s Industrial Strategy.

https://www.northernenergy.co.uk/news/clean-growth-strategy/

Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy, until 2023.

Iterative tendering https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/486877/20150409-FOI2015_03688_MOD_tender_evalution_documents_prep_and_process_management_CPS.pdf

The Theory of Social and Economic Organization

Max Weber's book, The Theory of Social and Economic Organization was published in 1924, four years after his death in 1920. It was translated into English by A. M. Henderson and Talcott Parsons. The preface to the translated edition explains that it is

a translation of part I of Max Weber's Wirtschaft und Gesellschaft, which was in turn originally published as volume III of the collaborative work Grundriss der Sozialoekonomik.

In addition, the book contains Parsons' 84-page introduction. Weber's Basic Concepts in Sociology, The Three Types of Legitimate Rule, and other works cover many of the concepts present in this book.

All-Ireland Pollinator Plan National Biodiversity Data Centre, Waterford Faith Communities: Actions to help pollinators

The National Archives, UK Government Web Archive

Miles and Snow's typology. (Blocked website)

European contract law

European contract law refers to an area of convergence in the substantive laws of the member states of the European Union (EU), aiming to enhance the consistency and functioning of contract law operations across the EU.

History

The European Council's special meeting on freedom, security and justice held at Tampere, Finland, in October 1999, asked the European Commission to study "the need to harmonise legislation in the area of substantive civil law", noting that

In a genuine European Area of Justice[,] individuals and businesses should not be prevented or discouraged from exercising their rights by the incompatibility or complexity of legal and administrative systems in the Member States,

and calling for "greater convergence in civil law". According to the Tampere Presidency Conclusions,

As regards substantive law, an overall study is requested on the need to approximate Member States' legislation in civil matters in order to eliminate obstacles to the good functioning of civil proceedings. The Council should report back by 2001.

In response, the Commission issued a Communication on European contract law in 2001, and an "action plan" in 2003.

The Stockholm Programme for 2010-2014 included work on the area of contract law.

The Commission went on to establish an "expert group" of 20 appropriate specialists, including academics, practitioners and representatives of civil society, to consider a frame of reference on 26 April 2010.

See also

• Principles of European Contract Law

References

Category Legal terminology

List of places of worship in England with online services

This is a partial list of places of worship in England which make services available online on a regular basis.

• Nottingham Cathedral
• Westminster Cathedral
• Westminster Central Hall

Category Lists of places of worship

Vicarious liability

Recent cases in England converning vicarious liability include Weddall v Barchester Healthcare, heard at Norwich County Court, and Wallbank v Wallbank Fox Designs, heard at Reading Crown Court. Appeals from both cases were joined and heard together in 2012, although the outcome was that the Weddall appeal was dismissed whereas the Wallbank appeal was upheld. https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2012/25.html

Kathy Kolbe

Kathy Kolbe

Holenmerism

(Redirect) Henry More

https://www.thegeographicalcure.com/post/guide-to-basilica-of-san-clemente

Rapidification

An intensified pace of social evolution in modern times leads to a phenomenon which Pope Francis calls rapidification. The term translates the words "rapidación" (Spanish) and "rapidizzazione" (Italian), which appear in the Italian text of his 2015 encyclical letter Laudato si'.

Celia Hammond, of the University of Notre Dame Australia, considers the term, although new to her, "a perfect description of our 21st century world, particularly in developed countries like Australia".

https://www.diocesivicenza.it/rapidacion-rapidizzazione/ https://www.aauni.edu/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/shss-thesis-andrej-bartik.pdf Massimo Faggioli, "The language of Pope Francis", La Croix International. (17 August 2015. Web. 11 January 2018)

Social debt

Social debt (Spanish: ) is a concept referred to in Latin American political contexts and in the social teaching of Pope Francis. In his encyclical letter Laudato si' he writes:

Our world has a grave social debt towards the poor who lack access to drinking water, because they are denied the right to a life consistent with their inalienable dignity. This debt can be paid partly by an increase in funding to provide clean water and sanitary services among the poor. Para 30, Laudato si'

• (As Jorge Bergoglio) Seminario: las deudas sociales de nuestro tiempo: la deuda social según la doctrina de la iglesia [Seminar: the Social Debts of Our Time: Social Debt According to Church Doctrine (2009, in Spanish). Buenos Aires: EPOCA-USAL (Universidad del Salvador).
• Observatorio de la Deuda Social Argentina at the Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina within the Observatorio Económico Social UNR (Universidad Nacional de Rosario).
• Rousseau,

• The 4th International Conference on Social Debt was held in Caracas, Venezuela, February 2005.
• Economic affairs, social debt and regional development - a permanent commission (Comisión de Asuntos Económicos, Deuda Social y Desarrollo Regional) of the Latin American Parliament, prior to 2015 operating as the Comisión de Deuda Social, Acts No. 1 of the Comisión de Deuda Social referred to the "concept" and the "problematic" of social debt in formulating the commission's terms of reference.

Other uses

The term "social debt" is also used in relation to taxation in France, meaning ..., and to software engineering, where it refers informally to "unforeseen project cost connected to a 'suboptimal' development community".

Internationalisation of the Amazon

https://awarenessproject.blogspot.com/2007/06/internationalization-of-amazon-and.html

See also: Internationalization

Internationalisation is the process of increasing involvement of enterprises in international markets. Pope Francis appears to be opposed to "proposals to internationalize the Amazon, which only serve the economic interests of transnational corporations" (also, Aparecida Document), support those who "ensure that each government carries out its proper and inalienable responsibility to preserve its country's environment and natural resources, without capitulating to spurious local or international interests".

Intrinsic value of biodiversity (33) Urban chaos (44)

"The Holy Spirit can be said to possess an infinite creativity, proper to the divine mind, which knows how to loosen the knots of human affairs, including the most complex and inscrutable".

What is Happening to Our Beautiful Land?

is "a brief statement about our living world and the deterioration we see all around us" issued by the New Zealand

Trans Trust SPRL v. Danubian Trading Co [1952] 2 QB 297

https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=7e028ba2-0903-4f16-9133-68ed89cd4a5d

Naples conventions (customs)

The member states of the European Community (now European Union, EU) initially agreed a convention on mutual assistance on customs matters in Naples, Italy, on 7 September 1967. This convention was first known as the Naples Convention, later the Naples I Convention. In order to "strengthen the commitments" in the convention, a further convention was drawn up on the basis of Article K.3 of the Treaty on European Union (Maastricht Treaty) on 18 December 1997. This convention is known as the Naples II Convention, although it was actually signed by the 15 then-members of the European Community in Brussels.

The Naples I Convention "recognised that cooperation between customs administrations would help to ensure accuracy in the collection of customs duties and other import and export charges". It also recognised that cooperation could make for more effective prosecution and prevention of breaches of customs law.

Bulgaria and Romania acceeded to the Naples II Convention on 6 December 2007. and Croatia's accession followed on 20 May 2016.

Both conventions have also been accompanied by EU regulations:

• Regulation 1468/81 was the counterpart to Naples I
• Regulation (EC) No 515/97 was adopted in parallel with Naples II.

The United Kingdom at some point withdrew from the conventions (opt-out? check details). Theresa May, then the UK's Home Secretary, announced in July 2014 that the UK wished to rejoin Naples II. She referred to a successful exercise in cooperation known as "Operation Stoplamp", which had allowed the exchange of "vital information" in relation to a major cocaine seizure.

Mark 2:18

The disciples of John and of the Pharisees were fasting. The disciples of Jesus were not.

Mark 8:1

Is this a gentile crowd?

Lord’s Prayer

Alternative version – The survivors' Lord's Prayer:

O Lord you reside in glory, we glorify you and thank you for the knowledge of eternal life. Lord we long for the day when all people on earth do your will, We ask you to feed us on your love, grant us peace in our hearts when we find it difficult to forgive, help us to find the way to live in freedom, doing your will through Grace. For you are the God of love, peace and joy. Your Kingdom is the only place of true safety. Amen

(Vivien Almond)

Forgiveness first

Our Father, who art in heaven, hallowed be thy name. Forgive us our trespasses, as we forgive those who trespass against us. Thy kingdom come, thy will be done, on earth as it is in heaven. Give us this day our daily bread, and lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil. For thine is the kingdom, the power, and the glory, for ever and ever. Amen

Servants of Grace

https://servantsofgrace.org/sighs-and-tears-imitating-the-emotional-life-of-jesus/# on Mark 8:12

Pauline year

Bible Crampon, translated by L’abbé Augustin Crampon.

Open University

Restoration thesis

OpenLearn: https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=69165&section Exploring philosophy: faking nature Derek Matravers, for the Open University, regards Robert Elliot's article Faking Nature as a "classic" in this field.

Ethics

• Demandingness, also "over-demandingness",

Critical thinking: Importance A Wall Street Journal report published in 2014 noted that most employers looked for graduates with critical thinking capacity. https://www.wsj.com/articles/bosses-seek-critical-thinking-but-what-is-that-1413923730 https://www.open.edu/openlearn/mod/oucontent/view.php?id=51387&section=1 One of 18 "transferable STEM [Science, ...] competencies" identified in a CBI report https://www.sciencecentres.org.uk/resources/academic-research/engineering-our-future-stepping-urgency-stem/ Engineering our Future: Stepping up the Urgency on STEM], page 10, accessed 13 January 2023</ref>

Jowett

• Eleatics

Fontenay-Kirkstall plan

Critical and analytical thinking

• Dennis Hayes, Let’s stop trying to teach students critical thinking
• John Passmore, "On teaching to be critical", in The Concept of Education, ed. R. S. Peters (New York: The Humanities Press, 1967), 200–201
• Matthew Arnold (1861), On Translating Homer
• Arnold, (The National Review, November 1864, Essays in Criticism, 1865), The Function of Criticism at the Present Time
• T S Eliot (1923), The Function of Criticism
• Stephen Spender, On the Function of Criticism, 1951
• Education and Inquiry by John Anderson. Edited by D. Z. Phillips. Totowa, N.J.: Barnes & Noble, 1980. 228 pp. $27
• Max Black, Critical Thinking
• Alan Franks, [24]

https://web.archive.org/web/20211103010933/https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/weekly-standard/the-book-that-drove-them-crazy Bailin et al, [https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Conceptualizing%20Critical%20Thinking&journal=Journal%20of%20Curriculum%20Studies&volume=31&issue=3&pages=285-302&publication_year=1999&author=Bailin%2CS.&author=Case%2CR.&author=Coombs%2CJ.&author=Daniels%2CL. Bailin, S., Case, R., Coombs, J.R., and Daniels, L.B. (1999), Conceptualizing critical thinking, Journal of Curriculum Studies, 31(3), 285-302

Critical writing

Critical or analytical writing Reflective writing is a specific form of analytical writing

Sub-purchaser, sub-sale, sub-vendor

Uncritical thinking

Uncritical thinking in the Encyclopedia of World Problems and Human Potential

Variations to Adoro te Devote

Spiritual guidance, spiritual direction

Second-century polemic

• Crescens the Cynic
• Fronto
• Lucian of Samosata
• Celsus: True Discourse, c. 180

Song of Songs

Hope's Garden https://anchor.fm/hopesgarden/episodes/First-Encounter-with-the-Bridegroom--Episode-1-ekdgpq

The similarity of Song of Songs 3:1-4 to the gospel story of Mary Magdalen and the resurrection of Jesus (John 20:11-18) is considered notable.

Themes and details

The book opens with the opposing pairs of righteousness/unrighteousness and death/immortality: those who do not follow righteousness will fall into "senseless reasoning" and will not be open to wisdom; wisdom is not an inherent human quality nor one that can be taught, but comes from outside, and only to those who are prepared through righteousness. The suffering of the righteous will be rewarded with immortality, while the wicked will end miserably. The unrighteous are doomed because they do not know God's purpose, but the righteous will judge the unrighteous in God's presence.

Wisdom 1-5

Grabbe refers to the first five chapters as the "Book of Eschatology". The New American Bible Revised Edition treats Wisdom 1:1-6:21 as the first section of the book, with the sub-title "The Reward of Righteousness". In both cases, these chapters are seen as looking towards the gift of immortality as the reward for a righteous life.

Verse 1:1

Love righteousness, you rulers of the earth,

think of the Lord in goodness

and seek him with sincerity of heart;

Jewish and Early Christian Studies professor William Horbury notes the "quick transition" made in these opening lines from the classical Greek virtue of righteousness to the Jewish title for God, "the Lord" (kyrios), the title used most frequently in the Septuagint. The Lord must be sought sincerely or "wholeheartedly": the words recall those of Deuteronomy 4:29 where, after a period of complacency anticipated by Moses, he directs that the people of Israel will seek the Lord your God, and you will find him if you search after him with all your heart and soul.

Portrayal of life as the godless see it

Verse 1:16 and chapter 2 together rehearse a godless perception of life, with an explanation of its error in 2:21-24. Verse 2:2 reads For we were born by mere chance, and hereafter we shall be as though we had never been, for the breath in our nostrils is smoke, and reason is a spark kindled by the beating of our hearts. The Latin ex nihilo nati sumus is translated as " we are born of nothing" in the Douay-Rheims Version, suggesting a lack of matter in human origins rather than a lack of design.

Central section

The central section within these chapters is covered by verses 3:1 to 4:19. In this section, the book's writer "begins by stating that immortality is the reward of the righteous, and then in the light of that belief comments on three points of the traditional discussion of the problem of retribution ... often seen as a divine punishment", namely:

• suffering (3:1-12)
• childlessness (3:13-4:6), and
• early death (4:7-19).

Verses 3:1-6 or 1-9 are used as a funeral reading in the Catholic church.

Verse 3:2

Horbury compares the thoughts of the foolish in this verse - they seemed to have died, and their departure was thought to be a disaster - with similar literary developments such as Malachi 3:14 (4:3 in some versions), It is vain to serve God', and 1 Enoch 102-3.

Verse 3:6

Like gold in the furnace he tried them, and like a sacrificial burnt-offering he accepted them.

A "burnt-offering" may also be rendered as a "holocaust".

Verse 3:7

The just shall shine, and shall run to and fro like sparks among the reeds.

The Greek text refers to the time when this shining will occur as the time of ἐπισκοπή (episkopé), translated as "judgement" in the NABRE or "visitation" in the NRSV:

In the time of their visitation they will shine forth,

and will run like sparks through the stubble.

The same word, ἐπισκοπή, was used in 2:20, where the wicked attribute the hope of protection to the righteous, and the phrase "the time of your visitation" (Greek: τον καιρον της επισκοπης σου) is also used in Luke 19:44.Check note here

Chapter 5: the Judgement of the Righteous and the Unrighteous

Verse 1: On the day of judgment, "with boldness", or "with great confidence", the righteous will "stand". Horbury notes connections with:

• 1 John 4:17: Love has been perfected among us in this: that we may have boldness on the day of judgement, because as he is, so are we in this world, which may reflect this text in Wisdom
• Acts 7:55—6, where Stephen "sees Jesus standing at the right hand of God"
• Luke 21:36: Be alert at all times, praying that you may have the strength to escape all these things that will take place, and to stand before the Son of Man.

Psalm 1, at verse 5, states in contrast that the wicked will not stand in the judgement, in a text which Patrick D. Miller suggests sets the agenda for the whole Psalter through its "identification of the way of the righteous and the way of the wicked as well as their respective fates".

Wisdom 6-9

Lady Wisdom, first referred to as "she" in Wisdom 6:12, dominates the middle section of the book, in which Solomon speaks. She existed from the Creation, and God is her source and guide. She is to be loved and desired, and kings seek her: Solomon himself preferred wisdom to wealth, health, and all other things. She in turn has always come to the aid of the righteous, from Adam to the Exodus.

In the Jerusalem Bible, this section is entitled The origin, nature and effects of wisdom: how it is to be had. Chapter 6 offers an appeal to kings to seek wisdom (verses 1-11, NRSV) and describes the nature of wisdom (verses 12-25, NRSV). The New American Bible Revised Edition treats verses 6:1-21 as the final part of its first section of the book, on the "reward of righteousness", arguing that these verses are "comparable to [Wisdom] 1:1-15".

Wisdom 6:1 (Vulgate)

Wisdom is better than strength, the prudent man better than the mighty.

This additional verse appears in the Vulgate and its direct translations.

Chapter 7

This chapter extends (or re-writes) the narratives of Solomon's prayer for wisdom set out in 1 Kings 3:4-15 and 2 Chronicles 1:1-13.

Verse 1

I also am mortal like everyone else, a descendant of the first-formed child of earth, and in the womb of a mother I was molded into flesh.

Solomon is not mentioned by name at any point, nor are Adam or Bathsheeba named here.

Verse 5

For no king has had a different beginning of existence.

This is the first point at which the speaker is represented as a king, speaking to other kings.

Chapter 8

Verse 1

She reaches mightily from one end of the earth to the other,

and she orders all things well.

This verse is retained with chapter 7 in the NRSV and Jerusalem Bible.

Verses 2-21

Solomon's love for wisdom, recounted in these verses, sets the scene for his prayer for wisdom in chapter 9. His resolve to "take her as his bride" (verse 2) is seen as a desire for a "mystical marriage" with wisdom.

Chapter 9

This chapter contains Solomon's prayer for wisdom, or in the words of Pope John Paul II, a prayer "placed on the lips of Solomon".

Verse 4

See also: Throne of God

Give me the wisdom that sits by your throne.

Similarly in verse 9, Send her forth from the holy heavens, and from the throne of your glory send her".

Wisdom 10-19

This final ten chapters take up the theme of the rescue of the righteous, taking the Exodus as their focus: "You (God) have not neglected to help (your people, the Jews) at all times and in all places." (Wisdom 19:22). Chapter 10 prepares for the following section (Wisdom 11:2–19:22) by looking at the history of Israel as far as the Exodus and reviewing the role of Wisdom in supporting the patriarchs. The names of the "righteous men" who enjoyed Wisdom's protection are not stated in the text. Names noted by the editors of the New American Bible Revised Edition are:

• Adam (verse 1): "the first-formed father of the world"
• Cain (verse 3): "an unrighteous man"
• Noah (verse 4): "a righteous man [saved] on frailest wood"
• Abraham (verse 5): "[a] righteous man, kept ... blameless before God"
• Lot (verse 6): "a righteous man"
• Lot's wife (verse 7): "a disbelieving soul"
• Jacob (verse 10): "a righteous man [who] fled from his brother’s anger"
• Joseph (verse 13): "She did not abandon a righteous man when he was sold"
• Moses (verse 16): "the Lord’s servant".

Verse 3

But when an unrighteous man departed from her in his anger, he perished because in rage he killed his brother.

Cain was thought to favour views like those of the ungodly in Wisdom 2:1-20: he perished not precisely "because ... he killed", but because "in fratricidal passions" (Horbury's translation) "he is seen as a soul lost in irrational anger".

Chapter 11

Tanzer notes than "she", "Woman Wisdom", continues to characterise wisdom throughout chapter 10, but is "suddenly eclipsed" in chapter 11 onwards, where the narrative records the actions of God "directly on behalf of the people". The Jerusalem Bible notes God ("you", in Wisdom 11:4), his breath, his word, his hand and his arm as alternative expressions used in the latter chapters of the book.

Verse 26

You spare all things, for they are yours, O Lord, you who love the living.

Literally, "lover of souls", (Domine, qui amas animas in the Vulgate, where this verse is numbered verse 27).

Chapter 12

Verses 1 and 2 belong with and complete chapter 11.

In verses 3-18, according to Horbury,

The national consciousness ... of the 'children of God', the righteous who worthily inherit his dear and holy land ..., is at its fiercest".

The Canaanites, who occupied the land before its conquest by Israel, are condemned for "their detestable practices", listed systematically. Wisdom's view is that their "murderous superstition" earned them their destruction, but judgement came little by little (verses 6-10), allowing time for repentance (verse 10). Horbury notes that the traditional curse proposed for Canaan was enslavement (Genesis 9:25-27), whereas the Book of Jubilees, probably a little older than the Book of Wisdom, had added their destruction to the curse: Canaan erred, and all his seed will be destroyed from off the earth.

Verse 17

For you show your strength when people doubt the completeness of your power, and you rebuke any insolence among those who know it.

Ronald Knox translates this verse as Only when thy omnipotence is doubted wilt thou assert thy mastery, their rashness making manifest, who will not acknowledge thee, observing that the Greek text, "probably by an error", reads who acknowledge thee without the negative.

Verses 19-22: "God's lesson for Israel"

"Your people" are taught the lessons of kindness and hope.

Verses 23-27: Punishment for the Egyptians

These verses revert back to the Egyptians, whose punishment had been recounted in chapter 11.

Chapters 13-15

Chapters 13-15 address the folly of idolatry. Horbury describes the writer's account of the origins of idolotry as "not wholly unsympathetic". Johannes Lindblom refers to a literary genre which he calls "idol satire", although Wolfgang Roth prefers the term "idol parody". Roth divides these chapters into three parts:

• the "barely excusable" worship of natural occurences while failing to see that their creator is at work in them (13:1-9)
• the "inexcusable" worship of idols (13:10-15:13), the longest of these three parts, and
• a climactic section in 15:14-19, dealing with the "most foolish" (verse 14) forms of worship, especially (in verses 18-19) the worship of animals.

Chapter 14 deals in particular with the custom of affixing wooden images to wooden ships, expecting the "more fragile" wood of the image to protect "the ship that carries [it]". After being shipwrecked off Malta, in the Acts of the Apostles, Paul sets out for Italy in "an Alexandrian ship with the figurehead of the twin gods Castor and Pollux". Commentators on Acts note that the observation was one of accuracy rather than of approval, Calvin writing that Paul "was enforced to enter into a ship which was dedicated to two idols".

Verse 15:10

Ashes his heart is! More worthless than earth is his hope, more ignoble than clay his life;

The cry of "Ashes his heart is!" is taken from the Septuagint text of Isaiah 44:20 ("He feeds on ashes in the Hebrew text").

Chapters 16-19

The "concluding section of the book", according to the Jerusalem Bible, offers "a lengthy comparison, already broached in Wisdom 11:5-14, between the Egyptians and the Israelites. Horbury presents a number of contrasts:

• Egyptian animal-worshippers were punished by vermin, but creatures of rare taste were a benefit to God's people;
• Egyptians were slain by insects, but God's people were healed after chastisement by serpents, the Brazen Serpent betokening divine salvation;
• Heat and cold changed their nature to punish and starve the ungodly, but to delight God's people with angels' food.

The text adds a number of details to the account of the Exodus in the Torah, for example Wisdom 17:1-18:4 is a "creative development" of the ninth plague as recorded in Exodus 10.

Wisdom 17:11

For wickedness is a cowardly thing, condemned by its own testimony; distressed by conscience, it has always exaggerated the difficulties.

This is the only place in the Septuagint where the Greek word for "conscience" (Greek: συνεχομένη) occurs.

Wisdom 18:14-15

For while gentle silence enveloped all things, and night in its swift course was now half gone,

¹⁵ your all-powerful word leapt from heaven, from the royal throne, into the midst of the land that was doomed.

Allen Cabaniss notes that this text, borrowed from its original passover context, is "peculiarly apt for Christmastide" and so-used historically in Christian liturgy since at least the twelfth century: "the 'quiet silence' of the holy night 'in the midst of her swift course', and the mighty leap of the 'almighty Word' from the 'royal throne' of heaven certainly constitute a beautiful, mystical suggestion of the Incarnation".

Wisdom 19:22

For in everything, O Lord, you have exalted and glorified your people, and you have not neglected to help them at all times and in all places.

These words bring the book to its conclusion: God's people have been "exalted" by God's ubiquitous, observant and ever-available assistance.

Sirach

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Structure

Jerusalem Bible:

• I - Chapter 1 - 42:14: Collections of Sayings (set out in a total of 126 sections)
• II - The Glory of God:

A - 42:15 - 43:33, in Nature

B - 44:1 - 50:29, in History

• Appendices: 51:1-12, and 51:13-30

Catholic writer Jeff Mirus:

• Chapters 1-10: axiomatic or proverbial sayings carefully grouped into themes
• Middle chapters (chapters 11-42): more prolonged consideration of "important themes". "I found the middle chapters of greatest personal interest"
• Chapters 43-50: "more conventional themes, praising the great leaders and prophets of Israel, highlighting the right celebration of the liturgy, and summarizing the value of wisdom".

NABRE: In addition to the translator's foreword, Sirach 1:1-10 serves as an introduction to the book as a whole.

The Greek text includes sub-headings, for example at 18:30, "Self-control", and at 20:27, "Proverbial sayings", and the title "Hymn in Honour of our Ancestors" at 44:1. William J. Deane considers these to be later scribal insertions, "probably added as guides to readers" as "some of these are printed in the margins of our English Bibles".

Sirach on friendship

Sirach wrote several poems on friendship: these are listed in NABRE as 6:5-17, 9:10–16, 12:8–18, 13:1–23, 19:13–17, 22:19–26, and 27:16–21. Sirach 11:29-34 also concerns "care in choosing friends". Jeremy Corley adds 37:1-6, and notes that no book in the Hebrew Bible or Apochypha says more about friendship than the Book of Sirach.

Check Sirach/Aristotle on friendship

Prayers

Collins notes that prayers of petition are "rare indeed" within Wisdom literature.

Sirach 1

All wisdom is from the Lord.

Sirach uses the term "the LORD" to translate both the name YHWH and other names of God.

Sirach 2

The fear of God in the time of ordeal. The New Revised Standard Version notes additional wording attributed to some "ancient authorities" appearing in verses 5 and 9.

Sirach 3

• Verses 1-16: duties to parents. Verses 8-10 appear to have a connection with the accounts of the sons of Noah and those of Jacob in the Book of Genesis. The New Catholic Bible's editors suggest that these accounts "nicely illustrate the importance of the paternal blessing in the Old Testament".
• Verses 17-24: humility. The writer "is perhaps warning his students against the perils of Greek philosophy".
• Verses 26-29: pride

Sirach 4

Chapter 4 contains "a remarkable commentary on how we all fear wisdom initially, and each human person must respond to wisdom properly in order to grow". In the Hebrew text, verses 15-19 have wisdom speak personally, whereas the Greek text speaks about wisdom in the third person.

Verses 17-19

For she will walk with him in disguise, and at first she will put him to the test; she will bring fear and cowardice upon him, and will torment him by her discipline until he holds her in his thoughts, and she trusts him. Then she will come straight back to him and strengthen him, she will gladden him and will reveal her secrets to him, and store up for him knowledge and the discernment of what is right. But if he goes astray she will forsake him, and give him over into the hands of his foe.

"The hands of his foe" may be taken to signify the Evil One.

Alternatively:

"I will walk with them in disguise, and at first I will test them with trials. Fear and dread I will bring upon them, and I will discipline them with my constraints. When their hearts are fully with me, ¹⁸ then I will set them again on the straight path and reveal my secrets to them. ¹⁹ But if they turn away from me, I will abandon them and deliver them over to robbers."

Verse 31

Do not let your hand be open to receive,

but clenched when it is time to give.

This verse is picked up in Didache 4:9, Thou shalt not hesitate to give, neither shalt thou murmur when giving, and similarly in the Epistle of Barnabas, 19:9, Thou shalt not hesitate to give, nor murmur when thou givest.

Sirach 5

This chapter's message is an "ethic of caution", which extends to Sirach 6:4.

Verse 1

Do not rely on your wealth or say, "Now I am self-sufficient".

Collins notes that the literary form "say not ..." can be traced back to Egytian examples such as the Instruction of Ani and the Instruction of Amenemope. Ecclesiastes 7:10: Do not assert that the past was better than the present, for such a statement is not a sign of wisdom, is another example of this format, as is Sirach 7:9, Do not say, "He will appreciate my many gifts; the Most High God will accept my offerings", but it is rarely used within biblical wisdom literature.

Verse 9

Do not winnow in every wind, or follow every path.

Winnowing is a process by which chaff is separated from grain. The Greek text adds here so it is with the double-tongued sinner.

Sirach 6

Verses 5-17

This is the first of Sirach's poems on friendship. Textual and conceptual similarities between this passage and Sirach 37:1–6 have been noted by Corley.

Verses 18-37

On apprenticeship to wisdom.

This section "uses metaphors of agriculture (verses 19-20), hunting (verse 24), yoking (verses 25, 30) and courtship (verse 26) to describe the quest for wisdom".

Sirach 7

• Verses 1-17, "miscellaneous advice" in the New Revised Standard Version, are generally considered to be a section "without a well-defined structure".

• Verses 18-36 form a manual of social relations similar to Pseudo-Phocylides, 175-227, and Josephus' polemical work Against Apion, 198-210. All the relationships counselled here are viewed from the perspective of a patriarchal male. The household codes in the New Testament differ in that they include directions to wives, children and slaves as well as to adult men.

Verse 4

Do not seek from the Lord high office, or the seat of honour from the king.

Antoine Augustin Calmet suggests that this verse aims to combat ambition, a "source of ruin to men and empires".

Sirach 8

The aim of this chapter is to offer practical, prudential advice, caution and prudence both being "fundamental virtues" within the wisdom tradition, and caution "a recurring theme" in Sirach. Chapters 11, 13 and 37 make further reference to "caution".

Sirach 9

This chapter has two principal parts: in verses 1-9 the ethic of caution is applied to men's dealings with women,, and in verses 10-16 to a person's "choice of friends". Verses 17 and 18 commence a section on rulers which continues into chapter 10.

Verse 1

Do not be jealous of the wife of your bosom, or you will teach her an evil lesson to your own hurt.

The meaning of this verse is disputed. It may mean that a husband's jealousy might suggest the idea of infidelity to his wife.

Amend: Trenchard (1982: 30) suggests that the wife might then become jealous of the husband and discover infidelity on his part.

The emotions of jealousy and excessive passion are related and C. V. Camp (1991: 22) takes the verb qn' to refer to passion or "ardour", rather than jealousy, so that "the evil the wife learns from the husband is sexual ardour itself". Taken from Collins

cf. Numbers 5:12-15: ¹² Speak to the Israelites and say to them: If any man's wife goes astray and is unfaithful to him, ¹³ if a man has had intercourse with her but it is hidden from her husband, so that she is undetected though she has defiled herself, and there is no witness against her since she was not caught in the act; ¹⁴ if a spirit of jealousy comes on him, and he is jealous of his wife who has defiled herself; or if a spirit of jealousy comes on him, and he is jealous of his wife, though she has not defiled herself; ¹⁵ then the man shall bring his wife to the priest. And he shall bring the offering required for her, one-tenth of an ephah of barley flour. He shall pour no oil on it and put no frankincense on it, for it is a grain offering of jealousy, a grain offering of remembrance, bringing iniquity to remembrance.

Additional words

The following additional verses are included in the Vulgate:

⁹ For many have perished by the beauty of a woman, and hereby lust is enkindled as a fire. ¹⁰ Every woman that is a harlot, shall be trodden upon as dung in the way. ¹¹ Many by admiring the beauty of another man's wife, have become reprobate, for her conversation burneth as fire.

Rulers (Sirach 9:18-10:4)

Verse 9:17 contrasts the skill of a tradesman with the wisdom of a ruler. Skehan and DiLella (1987: 223) assume the writer is thinking of the high priest, who was the ruler of Jerusalem (the temple?) at that time. Collins suggests this text can be compared with sections of the Letter of Aristeas (3rd or early 2nd century BC), where the king of Egypt, presumably Ptolemy II Philadelphus, asked how he could continue to be rich.

After a brief reflection, the man who had been asked the question replied:

If he did nothing unworthy of his position, never acted licentiously, never lavished expense on empty and vain pursuits, but by acts of benevolence made all his subjects well disposed towards himself. For it is God who is the author of all good things and ²⁰⁶ Him man must needs obey.

The king bestowed praise upon him.

Pride (Sirach 10:5-18)

Collins links together the sections on rulers and pride.

Verse 10:5 illustrates variations between the Greek and Hebrew versions:

• Hebrew: Human success is in the hand of the Lord, and it is he who confers honour upon the lawgiver.
• Greek: The prosperity of man is in the hand of God, and upon the person of the scribe he shall lay his honour.

Jan Turkiel considers these verses a "courageous" criticism of the leaders of Sirach's time in Alexandria.

Sirach 10:19

Whose offspring are worthy of honour?

Human offspring.

Whose offspring are worthy of honour?

Those who fear the Lord.

Whose offspring are unworthy of honour?

Human offspring.

Whose offspring are unworthy of honour?

Those who break the commandments.

Cf. text in the apocryphal section of the King James Bible:

They that fear the Lord are a sure seed, and they that love him an honourable plant: they that regard not the law are a dishonourable seed; they that transgress the commandments are a deceivable seed..

Martin Hengel treated this verse as a social commentary on Hellenistic Judea, whereas Collins argues that Sirach "surely" intended this verse as a general and widely applicable principle.

Verse 21

The fear of the Lord is the beginning of acceptance; obduracy and pride are the beginning of rejection.

An addition in some ancient versions.

Sirach 11

Verses 1-6 refer back to Sirach 10:6-18, revisiting the idea that God "brings low the proud, even kings and rulers". Verse 4b, for the works of the Lord are wonderful, alludes to a theme which will be treated in greater depth in chapters 39-44. According to Collins the Hebrew text of verses 29-34 is "garbled".

Verse 5

Many kings have had to sit on the ground, but one who was never thought of has worn a crown.

The Vulgate's reading voices a contrary thought:

Many tyrants have sat on the throne, and he whom no man would think on, hath worn the crown.

Sirach 12

Sirach maintains that the just should only do good to the devout, and "give no comfort to the wicked". Collins calls this sentiment "striking". Similarly, the Qumran Community Rule requires its members "to love all that [God] has chosen and hate all that He has rejected", Collins advising that the words imply "that God detests" the latter group, and in Kohelet Rabbah, the aggadic commentary on Ecclesiastes,

This is what people say: Do not perform good for the evil, and evil will not befall you. If you perform good for the evil, you have performed evil.

Sirach 13

The images in this chapter relate to the rich and the poor. They are generally unfavourable to the rich. Verse 1 continues the earlier theme of selective friendship: and it is mentioned as a property "known ... to many ancient writers" in a speech by Falstaff in Henry IV, Part 1.

Verses 6-19 establish "a principle of associating with equals".

Verse 14, If you hear these things in your sleep, wake up! With your whole life, love the Lord and call on him for your salvation, appears to be "a pious gloss", and belongs to a later Greek revision.

How the rich should relate to the poor? Add to relational poverty in Poverty article Mary Barton A Point of View: Why the rich look down on the poor Chapter Four. “Who has been tested by gold and found perfect?” Ben Sira’s discourse of riches and poverty Graeme Lang refers to "a lengthy tradition of tension between the rich and the poor" in Jewish literature., cf James 5:1-6.

Sirach 14 and Sirach 15

Sirach 14:20-15:10 is a wisdom poem in two parts:

• 14:20-7 describes the quest of the student for wisdom
• 15:2—10 describes wisdom's rewards or blessings.

Verse 15:1, coming between these sections, is an "editorial comment" made by Ben Sira,

Whoever fears the Lord will do this, and whoever holds to the law will obtain her [wisdom].

The Confraternity of Christian Doctrine editors note that this poem depicts "the growing intimacy between those seeking Wisdom and Wisdom herself.

Sirach 15:11-20 is concerned with freedom of choice: John Holbert calls it a "a rich reflection on the issue of human choice". The Revised Common Lectionary offers verses 15-20 for use in worship on the Sixth Sunday after the Epiphany, Year A,, and the same verses are set for reading on the Sixth Sunday in Ordinary Time in the Catholic Lectionary. In its Epiphany context, Holbert argues that

Such a clear presentation of the crucial idea of free choice is important as we conclude the season of Epiphany and move toward Lent. The Lenten season focuses regularly on introspection, on the ways we choose to live our lives before God and one another. Those ways, reminds Sirach, are not determined by God, but are the result of our choices. Those of us who are United Methodists well recall the struggle that our founder, John Wesley, had with those believers who were convinced that God had determined beforehand all of our actions. Wesley would have none of that, and argued for much of his life that free will was the very essence of what it meant to be human.

Sirach 16

Verses 1-23, a "discourse on the punishment of sinners", complements the discussion on freedom of choice in the previous chapter. This chapter includes a section on "worthless children" (verses 1-4), which introduces the theme of punishment. Verse 7 refers to the "giants of old"; there are also allusions to them in Judith (16:6), Baruch (3:26–28), and Wisdom of Solomon (14:6), and in the non-canonical 3 Maccabees (2:4). Verses 11-12 testify to a "lively debate on the origin of sin and evil".

Verses 16:24-17:12 have been called a "creation poem". Collins continues this as an account of "wisdom and creation" which he extends to 18:14. Verse 24 is a "direct call for attention":

Listen to me, my child, and acquire knowledge,

and pay close attention to my words.

Similar wording at 3:1 shapes the teaching of the whole book; at 6:23 it recurs within the directive given to wisdom's apprentice, in 23:7's "instruction of the mouth" and in 31:22 on attendance at a banquet.

Sirach 17

Verses 1-10 cover the creation of humanity, with several echoes of the creation account in Genesis 1-3, but unlike Genesis, death is not treated here as a punishment for sin: God gave human beings a fixed number of days from the start (verse 2). Humanity's origin in the earth, and subsequent return to it, are the divine order:

The LORD created human beings out of earth, and makes them return to it again,

whereas in Genesis 3:19, God's words you are dust and to dust you will return are given as part of God's judgment because "the man had listened to the voice of his wife" and eaten the fruit of the forbidden tree.

Verse 1 in the Vulgate differs slightly, stating that God created man of the earth, and made him after his own image.

Sirach 18

Verses 1-3

He who lives for ever created the whole universe; ² the Lord alone is just, and there is no other beside him; ³ he steers the world with the span of his hand, and all things obey his will; for he is king of all things by his power, separating among them the holy things from the profane.

The words from and there is no other and all of verse 3 are missing from some ancient manuscripts.

Verse 17

Sometimes a word is better than an expensive gift; both are the hallmark of a gracious person.

Quoted frequently by John Chrysostom in his New Testament homilies in support of his argument that "the giver and receiver of alms should be friends".

Sirach 19

Against Loose Talk

Verses 4-17 put forward an argument against "loose talk" (or gossip) based on self-interest: it may cause someone to hate you (verse 9). Verses 18 and 19 are additional verses found in some ancient manuscripts:

¹⁸ The fear of the Lord is the beginning of acceptance, and wisdom obtains his love. ¹⁹ The knowledge of the Lord’s commandments is life-giving discipline; and those who do what is pleasing to him enjoy the fruit of the tree of immortality.

Verses 29-30

Inconsistently, the writer recalls that "you can tell a man by his appearance".

A person's attire and hearty laughter, and the way he walks, show what he is.

Sirach 20

Verses 1-3 revisit the theme of admonition. Explore: links with Matthew 18:15 and Luke 17:3b.

Verses 5-8

Timely silence is a favourite theme of prudential literature. There are similar comments in Proverbs 17:28 and Ecclesiastes 3:7, see also Plutarch's Moralia, 5.2.

Sirach 21

Verse 2

Flee from sin as from a snake;

for if you approach sin, it will bite you.

Its teeth are lion’s teeth,

and can destroy human lives.

The Vulgate divides this verse into verses 2 and 3; thereafter in this chapter Vulgate verse numbering differs from English versions. The snake here is not the tempter from Genesis 3. It is to be avoided because of its bite; Amos 5:19 illustrates the day of the LORD as darkness: it is as if someone ... went into the house and rested a hand against the wall, and was bitten by a snake; in Proverbs 23:32, those who "linger late over wine" will find that "it bites like a serpent, and stings like an adder".

Verse 4 (Vulgate verse 5)

Panic and insolence will waste away riches;

thus the house of the proud will be laid waste.

Some ancient versions read "uprooted". George Leo Haydock exemplifies such downfalls, referring to Rehoboam's loss of the ten northern tribes "by an insolent answer" (see 1 Kings 12:1-19), and the Tarquins' expulsion from Rome "for their pride".

Verse 8 (Vulgate verse 9)

Whoever builds his house with other people’s money is like one who gathers stones for his burial mound.

The Vulgate refers to gathering stones "for the winter". Calmet notes that winter is not a suitable time for building, so the one who borrows to build may need to pay again.

Verses 11-12

Verses 11-12 repeat the earlier-stated connection between wisdom and the Torah (see also Sirach 24:23-24). Now a new rationale is stated: the law is an instrument for controlling impulses. This understanding of the law is developed in 4 Maccabees.

Sirach 22

Verses 7-8

⁷ Children who are brought up in a good life conceal the lowly birth of their parents. ⁸ Children who are disdainfully and boorishly haughty stain the nobility of their kindred.

These two verses are added in some ancient manuscripts.

Corley also notes 18 "incidental references" to friendship (φίλος, philos) in the book.

Sirach 23

Sirach 22:27 (22:33 in the Vulgate) is read with 23:1-6 in the NRSV, where this section is called "a prayer for help against sinning". Cf. Psalm 141:3: Set a guard over my mouth, O Lord; keep watch over the door of my lips. (Collins)

"Instruction of the mouth"

This phrase, also translated as "Discipline of the Tongue", embracing verses 7-15 (Collins) is used as a section heading in some manuscripts, or 7-20 (Calmet).

Verse 10

Just as a servant constantly under scrutiny

will not be without bruises,

So one who swears continually by the Holy Name

will never remain free from sin.

The Jerusalem Bible voices some uncertainty about the translation of this verse, which offers a warning against misuse of the sacred name of God. Sirach's thinking reflects the directives of Exodus 20:7 and Deuteronomy 5:11.

Verses 16-26

A treatise on adultery.

Sirach 24

The Jerusalem Bible calls this chapter "the pivotal chapter of the book", as it sums up, echoes and develops the biblical doctrine of wisdom: building on Proverbs 8:22, The Lord created me at (or as) the beginning of his work, the first of his acts of long ago, wisdom is in union with its creator but also distinct. Haydock sees Sirach as imitating the Book of Ecclesiastes.

Christian theology identifies this figure of wisdom with Christ. Worthington applies the opening words, Wisdom praises herself to Christ: "the second person of the Trinity proclaims his own praises".

Verses 13-14

Six trees are identified to which wisdom may be compared: the cedar of Lebanon, the cypress, the palm tree, the rose bush, the olive tree and the plane tree.

Verse 18

I am the mother of beautiful love, of fear, of knowledge, and of holy hope; being eternal, I am given to all my children, to those who are named by him.

An addition in some ancient versions.

Verses 23-24

Sirach identifies Wisdom with the Law of Moses in these verses. A passage in Baruch 3:9-4:4 does the same.

Sirach 25

On happiness. This chapter has 26 verses, or 36 in the Vulgate.

Verses 7-12

Another example of a numberical proverb. Ten beatitudes or "makarisms" are listed here, all concerned with "very practical matters":

⁷ I can think of nine whom I would call blessed,

and a tenth my tongue proclaims:

1. a man who can rejoice in his children;
2. ⁸ Happy the man who lives with a sensible wife, (cf. Sirach 26:1-4, which elaborates on this point)
3. and one who does not plough with ox and ass together (missing from Greek; cf. Deuteronomy 22:10, but in Sirach the practice is seen as unwise rather than unlawful. Collins suggests that in this context Sirach may be using an analogy to refer to polygamy.)
4. Happy is one who does not sin with the tongue,
5. and one who has not served an inferior.
6. ⁹ Happy is one who finds a friend, or good sense (Greek)
7. and one who speaks to attentive listeners.
8. ¹⁰ How great is one who finds wisdom! (cf. Sirach 14:20)
9. But none is superior to one who fears the Lord.

¹¹ Fear of the Lord surpasses everything; to whom can we compare one who has it?

¹² The fear of the Lord is the beginning of love for him, and faith is the beginning of clinging to him. (Additional words in some ancient versions).

Sirach 26

In some versions of the Book of Sirach this chapter has 29 verses. The Vulgate has 28. Verses 19-27 are noted by the NRSV as being "additional", from "other ancient authorities".

Verses 1-4

The joys of a good wife are considered here solely in terms of their effect on her husband. Collins reads this passage as suggesting that a good wife "seems to exist to reward the deserving man rather than having a value in her own right". cf. Instruction of Phibis, 8:5.

Verse 6

But it is heartache and sorrow when a wife is jealous of a rival, and a tongue-lashing makes it known to all.

The subject of rivalry between women is mentioned again in Sirach 37:11. The context may relate to either polygamy or divorce.

Verses 26:29-27:3

These verses offer a "remarkably sceptical" view of business:

As a stake is driven firmly into a fissure between stones, so sin is wedged in between selling and buying.

Collins notes that a disagreement regarding the administration of the city market in 2 Maccabees 3:4, which may have related to business practices, prompted an initial series of events which led to the persecution of Antiochus Epiphanes and the Maccabean revolt of 167–160 BCE.

Sirach 27

Verses 4-7 and 11-15, taken together, emphasise the importance of speech as a measure of a person's character. Sirach's observation that "fruit discloses the cultivation of a tree" (verse 6) is similarly expressed in the Sermon on the Mount (Matthew 7:16-20).

Verses 16-21

The subject matter of these verses is the betrayal of secrets. Proverbs 20:19 and 25:9 touch on a similar topic.

Sirach 28

Verse 1

The vengeful will face the Lord’s vengeance,

for he keeps a strict account of their sins.

Haydock notes the contrast between this sentiment and the lex talionis of Exodus 21:24.

Collins suggests that this chapter's discourse on slander or the "third tongue" (verses 14-16) has no real parallel in the earlier wisdom tradition.

Sirach 29

There are reflections on three related themes in the first part of this chapter: loans (verses 1-7), almsgiving (verses 8-13), and providing surety or collateral for another person (verses 14-20). Verses 21-29 pick up a theme read either as "home and hospitality", or as "self-sufficiency". He also notes in verse 7, verse 10 in the Vulgate, that experience shows recipients have abused such loans and so a refusal to lend does not necessarily reflect meanness. The King James Bible refers to "other men's ill-dealing". Collins notes a contrast with Jesus' words in Luke 6:34-35, where those who lend expecting repayment find no honour, only those who lend "expecting nothing in return".

Collins suggests that "the theme of self-sufficiency is illustrated by the misery of one who depends on others for lodging". Sirach 39:26 provides a longer list:

The basic necessities of human life

are water and fire and iron and salt

and wheat flour and milk and honey,

the blood of the grape and oil and clothing.

The advice to "be content with what you have" given in verse 23 has been identified as one of the "official values" of the Hebrews.

Sirach 30

Two sectional headings are included in the Greek text: Greek: ΠΕΡΙ ΤΕΚΝΩΝ ("Concerning children") ahead of verse 1, and Greek: ΠΕΡΙ ΥΓΙΕΙΑΣ ("Concerning foods") ahead of verse 14. The New Revised Standard Version has the "Concerning foods" heading at verse 18 but notes that in some ancient versions it stands at verse 16.

On the education and discipline of sons, Collins notes a number of comparable texts:

• Deuteronomy 21:18-21 provides for death by stoning as the ultimate sanction for a son who is unresponsive to discipline
• Book of Proverbs: treatment of this subject is scattered at various points in the book
• The Instruction of Phibis in the Papyrus Insinger devotes chapter 10 to this subject
• Sayings of Ahiqar
• Pseudo-Phocylides 207-9 teaches the contrary approach: Be not harsh with your children, but be gentle ..."
• Colossians 3:21: Fathers, do not provoke your children, or they may lose heart.

Sirach 31 (Sirach 34 in the Hebrew version)

The order of chapters in the Greek and Hebrew versions is different from this point onwards. This chapter has sections on riches (verses 1-11), table etiquette (verses 12-24) and wine (verses 25-31).

Verses 1-11

Put simply, the pursuit of wealth causes insomnia. Sirach 40:1-11 presents insomnia as a feature of the general wretchedness of human life, but presumably this is intensified for those who worry about wealth.

Sirach 32

This chapter has 24 verses, or 28 in the Vulgate.

Master of the feast

If they make you master of the feast, do not exalt yourself;

be among them as one of their number.

Alternative terms include "king of the feast" (Calmet), "president", or "organiser of the feast".

When you have fulfilled all your duties, take your place, so that you may be merry along with them and receive a garland for your excellent leadership.

Theological poems

Collins identifies two theological poems which bring Sirach 25:1-33:19 to a conclusion. The first (Sirach 32:14-33:16) stresses observance of the Torah and fear of the Lord; the second (Sirach 33:7-19) explores variability in life as a theological problem akin to the problem of theodicy, why does God allow evil?

Sirach 33

Verses 7-15

A poem on theodicy.

Why is one day more important than another?

Sirach attributes the distinction between holy days and ordinary days to "divine decree", similarly in Daniel 2:21: He changes times and seasons. In Sirach, this difference exemplifies other distinctions which are to be attributed to divine appointment: despite the common origin of "all human beings" from the earth, in the fullness of his knowledge the Lord distinguished them and appointed their different ways. Some he blessed and exalted, and some he made holy and brought near to himself; but some he cursed and brought low, and turned them out of their place, likely a reference to the election of Israel as a chosen people and the dispossession of the Canaanites from the land.

Verses 16-19

An autobiographical passage protesting Sirach's selflessness: I was the last to keep vigil, I have not laboured for myself alone, but for all who seek instruction.

Sirach 34

Joseph's dream of stars (Genesis 37:9)

Verses 1-8

Verses 1-8 counsel against taking dreams seriously, the exception (verse 6) being those dreams which "are sent by intervention from the Most High". Sirach would have had in mind Jacob's dream, Joseph's dreams and Pharoah's dreams in the Book of Genesis, and God's statement in Numbers 12:6 that God speaks to a prophet in a dream.

Verses 12 and 13

In an autobiographical note, the writer states that he had traveled extensively and was frequently in danger of death. Collins comments that unfortunately "he gives no details of his travels", while Corley surmises from these travels that he may have been a diplomat or counseller.

Verses 14-20

Those who fear the Lord will not be timid,

or play the coward, for he is their hope.

James D. Miller sees in 2 Timothy 1:7, God did not give us a spirit of cowardice, a wisdom saying comparable with this verse.

Sirach 35

Verses 1-5

These verses deal with "those things that are most pleasing to the Lord". The writer's purpose is to argue that meeting the ethical demands of the law is more important than (or at least equivalent to) the offering of sacrifices. Helge Stadelmann's argument that Sirach attached greater importance to the sacrificial cult is also mentioned by Collins. Alternatively, J. Marböck has argued that although he had a personal love for temple ceremony, he gave cultic law and ritual "a very subordinate position". J. G. Snaith has made similar claims about Sirach's view of the cult.

Verse 16

He [the LORD] will not show partiality to the poor;

but he will listen to the prayer of one who is wronged.

Some commentators have inferred from Exodus 23:15, No one shall appear before me empty-handed, that the poor were rejected. Calmet suggests that the meaning of the law is explained here.

Sirach 36

Verses 1-16, the "Canticle of Ecclesiasticus", are used at lauds in the Catholic Church's Office of Readings, having been added to the liturgy during the reforms of Pope Pius X in 1911.

Collins suggests that this song is "probably not the work of Ben Sira": it is "the main passage in Sirach whose authenticity is disputed". In this regard, Collins notes the chapter's unusual antagonism towards foreign nations.

If verses 1-17 refer to messianism, the Jerusalem Bible considers the connection to be "very vague".

Owing to a dislocation in the Greek manuscripts, the verse numbers 14 and 15 are not used in this chapter, but no text is missing.

Verse 4

As you have used us to show your holiness to them,

so use them to show your glory to us.

The language of "showing God's holiness" is especially characteristic of Ezekiel.

Verse 22 (Verse 17 in the Revised Standard Version)

Hear, O Lord, the prayer of your servants, according to your goodwill towards your people,

and all who are on the earth will know that you are the Lord, the God of the ages.

The term "God of the ages" is distinctive.

Associated with El Olam, "Everlasting El" (Collins)

Hymns: "God of the Ages", by Daniel C. Roberts, which first appeared in the 1892 edition of the hymnal of the Protestant Episcopal Church, and "God of the ages, history's maker" by Margaret Clarkson.

Sirach 36:23-37:15

Discrimination and friendship: set from a man's point of view, Sirach 36:26-31 deal with the choice of a wife while alongside this section, Sirach 37:1-6 deals with choice of a (male) friend.

Sirach 37

Verses 1-6: revisit the theme of friendship, but in this case they relate to "false friends".

Verse 5

Some companions help a friend for their stomachs' sake,

yet in battle they will carry his shield.

The second line of this verse should probably read "will not carry ...".

Advice

Verses 7-15 review "some of the pitfalls involved in seeking advice".

Verse 10

Do not consult one who regards you with suspicion;

hide your intentions from those who are jealous of you.

NABRE here warns instead, Seek no advice from your father-in-law.

Verse 11

Seek no advice:

from a woman about her rival,

from a coward about war,

from a merchant about business,

from a buyer about value,

from a miser about generosity,

from a cruel person about well-being,

from a worthless worker about his work,

from a seasonal laborer about the harvest,

from an idle slave about a great task -

pay no attention to any advice they give.

The first line probably related to a situation of polygamy.

Sirach 38

Verses 1-15, on the medical profession, contain the only instance in biblical teaching of an explicit recommendation of physicians.

Verse 5

Was not water made sweet with a tree

in order that its power might be known?

The allusion is to Exodus 15:25:

He [Moses] cried out to the Lord; and the Lord showed him a piece of wood; he threw it into the water, and the water became sweet.

Verses 16-23

Verses 16-23 (Vulgate: verses 16-24) concern mourning for those who have died. The writer teaches that a period of grief, though important, should not be excessive: it cannot help the dead, who will not return, and it may do harm to the living. Pseudo-Phocylides, 97-98, expresses similar advice on moderation in grieving.

Sirach 38:24-39:11

A potter (1605), cf. Sirach 38:29-30

This passage contrasts:

• the scribal profession, and
• the work of other professional artisans.

Collins suggests that an analogy can be drawn with the ancient Egyptian Satire of the Trades, which "exalts the career of a scribe while remarking on the drudgery experienced in other professions", but in Sirach, artisan trades are respected and seen as necessary for cities to function, whilst still lacking the eminence of the scribal profession.

Sirach 39

Verses 1-8 are offered as a suggested scripture reading for the ordination of a deacon.

Verses 12-35 (Vulgate: verses 16-41) set out an "invitation to praise God".

Verse 12

I have more on my mind to express;

I am full like the full moon.

Calmet reads this comparison as a claim that the author is inspired. The reference to the full moon, Greek: διχομενεία, dichomenia, has been read in translating the Vulgate as Greek: διομενεία, diomenia, "as with a divine transport".

Verses 29-30

²⁹ Fire and hail and famine and pestilence,

all these have been created for vengeance;

³⁰ the fangs of wild animals and scorpions and vipers,

and the sword that punishes the ungodly with destruction.

cf. Deuteronomy 28:15-68 and especially verses 22 and 24.

Sirach 40

Chapter 40 and verses 1-13 of chapter 41 form a "cluster of short poems". Verses 1-5a offer a "grim picture of life", with sentiments similar to those of Genesis 3:14-19 and Job 7:1-2, 14:1-2. The anxiety of disturbed sleep is also recounted in Ecclesiastes 2:22-3 and Job 7-4. However, Sirach adds an additional dimension: while in general the "human lot", indeed that of all creatures, is to suffer, the suffering is "seven times more" for the sinner.

Sirach 40:18-27 "provides relief from contemplating the misery of life" with 10 verses listing the things which are "surpassingly good". The formula in each verse states two things which are good and a third which is better, using a literary form known as "Ṭôb-Spruch", Walther Zimmerli's term for a proverb in which one thing is said to be better than another using the form ṭôb ... min.

Verse 19 in the Greek text lacks a central part of the wording

but better than either is one who finds wisdom. Cattle and orchards make one prosperous

leaving only nine contrasting statements exercising this formula.

Eric D. Reymond raises a concern that while "most analyses of the poem" in verses 18-27 compare it with other better-than proverbs, they miss some of the particular significance of passages which include "ṭôb".

Sirach 41

Sirach 41:1-4 contains the writer's "most definitive statement on the finality of death". Neither resurrection from the dead nor an after-life is mentioned. Collins contrasts Sirach's views with those of Qoheleth, in that Sirach is more resigned to this human fate. The attractiveness of death (verse 2: O death, how welcome is your sentence to one who is needy and failing in strength, worn down by age and anxious about everything; to one who is contrary, and has lost all patience!), reflects ancient Egyptian thought as expressed in the pharaonic "Dispute between a man and his Ba", as well as Sirach's own comment in Sirach 30:17: Death is better than a life of misery, and [eternal sleep] than chronic sickness.

Verses 5-10

A denunciation of the children of sinners. In the Vulgate these verses are Sirach 41:8-13.

Verses 14-22

These verses "illustrate the subject of true and false shame with numerous and detailed examples of wrongdoing", continuing into Sirach 42:1. Hebrew manuscript B (from the Cairo Geniza) includes this section under the title "Instruction about Shame".

Earlier references to shame and honour have appeared in:

• Sirach 3:1-16
• Sirach 4:20-31
• Sirach 10:19-25
• Sirach 20:21-3).

Sirach 42

Verse 1a belongs with chapter 41. The examples of wrongdoing in Sirach 41:14-22 are contrasted with examples of virtue in Sirach 42:1b-8, or examples of activities which might otherwise "be frown on by public opinion or by prejudice".

Verse 2

Do not be ashamed of the law of the Most High and his covenant.

cf. Sirach 41:19 in the Greek text (verse 24 in the Vulgate):

[Be ashamed] ... of theft, and of the truth of God, and the covenant: of leaning with thy elbow over meat, and of deceit in giving and taking.

Haydock explains Sirach's meaning as demanding shame in transgressing the law and the covenant, "but not of complying with them". The Hebrew text of Sirach 41:19 does not refer to the covenant:

Be ashamed of breaking an oath or agreement, and of leaning on your elbow at meals.

Verses 3-8

Accurate record-keeping (verse 4), strict discipline (verse 5) and even "locking up an unreliable wife" (verse 6) are recommended. Collins observes that Sirach's inclination is to maintain "the practical, hard-headed side of traditional wisdom that has little place for trust" (cf. Sirach 6:7: When you gain friends, gain them through testing, and do not trust them hastily).

Verses 9-14

Verses 9-14 concern daughters, and the anxiety they cause their fathers. In Tractate Sanhedrin 100b, a final source of fear is mentioned, that when she becomes old his daughter might become a witch.

Sirach 43

Verses 1-5

The sun, at sunrise and at noon: biblical comparators include the Song of the Three Holy Children in the Additions to Daniel (Daniel 3:52-90), and Psalm 19, where the sun is compared to a bridegroom: [God] has set a tent for the sun, ⁵ which comes out like a bridegroom from his wedding canopy. Collins sees the presentation of the sun here as a racing charioteer, but he thinks Ben Sira's grandson missed the allusion.

Verse 6

It is the moon that marks the changing seasons,

governing the times, their lasting sign.

Hebrew manuscript B has "by them is the appointed time"; Collins interprets this to refer to the roles of both the sun and the moon in determining the seasons.

Verse 11

Look upon the rainbow, and praise him who made it,

exceedingly beautiful in its brightness.

Collins notes that the connection between the rainbow and God's covenant with Noah (Genesis 9:13-17) is not mentioned by Sirach.

Sirach 44

The title "Hymn in Honour of our Ancestors" is included in the Greek text. Haydock suggests that Sirach here "imitates the third work of Solomon", although it is not clear which of the texts attibuted to Solomon he is treating as his "third work".

Enoch

Enoch pleased the Lord and was taken up,

an example of repentance to all generations.

Enoch's being "taken up from the earth" is revisited in 49:14. Collins argues that the reference to Enoch at the head of the list of ancients "is textually suspect": it is not found in the Masada manuscript or in the Syriac text, although it is included in the Greek translation and in Hebrew manuscript B. The account referring to Enoch in Genesis 5:21-24 does not account for either his sins or his repentence. In Genesis Rabbah, Rabbi Aibu taught that Enoch was a hypocrite, sometimes acting righteously and sometimes wickedly, so God removed Enoch while he was acting righteously, judging Enoch on Rosh Hashanah, when God judges the whole world.

Sirach 45

Praise of Moses, Aaron, and Phinehas

Sirach 45:1-26 in NABRE, 1-31 in Vulgate, Sirach 44:23b-45:26 in NRSV.

From Jacob's stock (44:23, 45:1) came Moses, "who found favour in the eyes of all", and "whose memory is blessed", or whose memory is a blessing". Corley notes that as a baby, Moses "found favour" in the eyes of Pharoah's daughter.

Sirach does not call Moses a lawgiver or attribute any creativity to him: he was a recipient of the law given him by God (verse 3), and Sirach's praise of Moses acts as a prelude to the more extensive praise given to Aaron and the priesthood. The psalms record a tradition in which both Moses and Aaron are acknowledged as priests (Psalm 99:6) which does not form part of Sirach's outlook here: "rather, he follows the Priestly source in emphasizing the eternal covenant of priesthood with Aaron".

Phinehas

Phinehas was "the courageous third of his line" after Aaron and Eleazer, not after Moses and Aaron: the reference is to the priestly line of succession, cf. Judges 20:28:

Phinehas son of Eleazar, son of Aaron, ministered before [the ark of the covenant] in those days.

Sirach 46

Verses 1-10: Joshua and Caleb

These verses (verses 1-12 in the Vulgate) laud Joshua and Caleb together. Verse 1, "surprisingly", records that both Moses and Joshua fulfilled a "prophetic office".

Verses 11-20: The judges

These verses (verses 13-23 in the Vulgate) recall the judges, specifically Samuel (verse 13 onwards in NRSV). Samuel is said to have judged Israel in 1 Samuel 7:15-17. The "respective names" of the other judges are celebrated, but none of them is mentioned by name.

The words in verse 20:

Even after death his guidance was sought;

he made known to the king his fate.

From the grave he spoke in prophecy

to put an end to wickedness.

refer to King Saul's vision of Samuel (1 Samuel 28:11-20).

Sirach 47

Nathan

Nathan is briefly mentioned. He is linked in the Deuteronomistic history both with David and with Solomon. Sirach also links him to Samuel, maintaining the prophetic succession.

David

Verse 3

He played with lions as though they were young goats,

and with bears as though they were lambs of the flock.

Collins sees this verse as a development of 1 Samuel 17:34-35, where David rescued his father's sheep from the danger of lions and bears: "Sirach has him play with lions and bears", pointing to the "idyllic scene" in Isaiah 11:6-9 and the Septuagint's "more subdued" Psalm 151,

I was small among my brothers, and the youngest in my father's house; I tended my father's sheep

as comparator texts.

Sirach 48-49

These two chapters can be seen as a set of seven units: 48:1-15d (Elijah and Elisha); 48:15e-25; 49:1-3 (Josiah); 49:4-7; 49:8-10; 49:11-13; 49:14-16. Collins links 48:17-49:16 as one unit, within which verses 14-16 act as a conclusion to the review of the ancient past.

Verse 48:1

Then Elijah arose, a prophet like fire,

and his word burned like a torch.

Sirach follows the Deuteronomist

Verses 48:13-14

¹³ Nothing was too hard for him (Elisha),

and when he was dead, his body prophesied.

¹⁴ In his life he did wonders,

and in death his deeds were marvellous.

The continuing powers of both Samuel (46:20) and Elisha after their deaths are observed by Sirach. 2 Kings 13:21 records that after Elisha's death:

As a man was being buried, a marauding band [of Moabites] was seen and the man was thrown into the grave of Elisha; as soon as the man touched the bones of Elisha, he came to life and stood on his feet.

Verses 49:1-3

King Josiah "did what was right", echoing 2 Kings 22:2, or "was directed by God" in the Vulgate.

Verse 49:15

Nor was anyone ever born like Joseph [the leader of his brothers, the support of the people];

even his bones were cared for...

Joseph had not previously been mentioned by Sirach, but Calmet suggests that the reference in Sirach 44:27,

The words "the leader of his brothers, the support of the people" appear in the Greek text.

Sirach 50

Main article: Simon II (High Priest)

Benediction

Verses 22-24 may have been the conclusion to Sirach's book.

Verses 25-26

²⁵ Two nations my soul detests,

and the third is not even a people:

²⁶ Those who live in Seir, and the Philistines,

and the foolish people that live in Shechem.

A numerical proverb unrelated to the foregoing benediction; Collins suggests these lines are possibly a later scribal addition. Otto Mulder notes them as an "invective" against the Samaritan sanctuary on Mount Gerizim, where a Zadokite priesthood operated.

Warlow v Harrison

1859 Exchequer Chamber

https://uk.practicallaw.thomsonreuters.com/1-375-8428?contextData=%28sc.Default%29&transitionType=Default Zhang v CMC

Fastweb

Under the CNIPA framework agreement, Azienda Sanitaria Locale di Alessandria, the local health authority for Alessandria, Italy invited Fastweb and Telecom Italia to submit proposals for the delivery of a voice and data telephony service, selecting Telecom Italia as its proposed supplier. Fastweb brought legal action to review that decision; Telecom Italia filed a counterclaim; each party argued that the submission put forward by their competitor was non-compliant with the tender specification. The Tribunale amministrativo regionale per il Piemonte (Regional Administrative Court, Piedmont) ordered a review of the bids, which found that neither was fully compliant. In theory this should have meant that the procurement process was terminated and would need to be commenced afresh. However, a legal issue arose because Italian procurement review law stated that a counterclaim regarding the standing of an unsuccessful tenderer had to be addressed before a substantive challenge by that tenderer could be reviewed. The Tribunal raised questions about whether this principle was equitable, because potentially the counterclaim might be successful and the unsuccessful tenderer would be denied standing to review the award decision. When this issue was brought to the European Court of Justice, the court ruled that

[where] the successful tenderer – having won the contract [being reviewed] and filed a counterclaim – raises a preliminary plea of inadmissibility on the grounds that the tenderer seeking review lacks standing to challenge the award because its bid should have been rejected by the contracting authority by reason of its non-conformity with the technical requirements under the tender specifications, that provision precludes that action for review from being declared inadmissible as a consequence of the examination of that preliminary plea in the absence of a finding as to whether those technical requirements are met both by the bid submitted by the successful tenderer, which won the contract, and by the bid submitted by the tenderer which brought the main action for review.

Opposition to the use of letters of intent

The Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply (CIPS) has registered its disapproval of the use of letters of intent. CIPS argues that procurement professionals should be proactive and aware of the problems likely to arise in a project, and therefore able to avoid the need for a letter of intent in anything other than "exceptional, and therefore very rare, circumstances". See https://www.coursehero.com/file/65322980/Letter-of-intentpdf/

Carephilly Council

https://www.caerphilly.gov.uk/business/tenders-and-procurement

Performance Bond

https://www.neccontract.com/news/understanding-the-use-and-benefit-of-performance-bonds-in-nec-contracts https://www.inhouselawyer.co.uk/legal-briefing/calls-on-performance-bonds-avoiding-pitfalls/ https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/137569/PPN_Supplier_financial_risk_Feb-18.pdf https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/61776/Public-Service-Mutuals-next-steps.pdf

Impact sourcing

Update: http://opinionator.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/11/03/workers-of-the-world-employed/ 2021

Sue Arrowsmith (law professor)

Needs disambig page Sue Arrowsmith is a lawyer and professor emerita of Public Procurement Law and Policy at the University of Nottingham, in the UK.

She was formerly Director of the Public Procurement Research Group (1998-2020) and of the University's postgraduate Executive programme in Public Procurement Law and Policy (2009-2020).

Career

Arrowsmith earned a first class honours degree in jurisprudence from Oxford University (Somerville College). Whilst a student in Oxford she won the Gibbs Prize, a prize awarded to the student performing the best in each faculty in their final exams. After graduation, under a Commonwealth Scholarship, she earned a D.Jur degree from Osgoode Hall Law School, in Toronto, Canada.

She later served as tutor (1987-88), lecturer (1988-1991) and Professor (1991-1998) at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. In 1998 she was appointed as Achilles Professor at the University of Nottingham, a post she held until 2020.

In 2007 Arrowsmith received the CIPS Swinbank Medal for thought innovation in purchasing and supply.

In March 2019 she was awarded the title of Queens Counsel (honoris causa) (now Kings Counsel) recognising her contribution to the law of England and Wales, in particular as "the author of the principal treatise used by practitioners and academics in the field of public procurement law". She has served as a member of the Department for International Trade's Thematic Trade Advisory Group (Public Procurement), dealing with trade negotiations with trading partners outside the European Union. The functions of the Department for International Trade now lie with the Department for Business and Trade.

Cornelius Ernst

Cornelius Ernst was an English Dominican priest, philosopher and theologian.

He died in 1977.

Jobson v Johnson

Jobson v Johnson [1989] 1 WLR 1026 is a United Kingdom law case decided in the Court of Appeal and in the House of Lords, related to the interpretation of a penalty clause within a contract. The Appeal Court decision was delivered on 25 May 1988.

Although in practice a penalty clause... is effectively a dead letter, it is important... to note that... the strict legal position is not that such a clause is simply struck out of the contract, as though with a blue pencil, so that the contract takes effect as if it had never been included therein. Strictly the legal position is that the clause remains in the contract and can be sued upon, but it will not be enforced by the court beyond the sum which represents, in the events which have happened, the actual loss of the party seeking payment."

Marilla Ness

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1CQ641THftM https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2TFe-dOL2I4 Come back to me (album) Holy is his name (Magnificat)

Contents of Lactantius' DI (potential revision)

Arguably the most important of Lactantius's works, the Divinae institutiones, the title of which was meant to correspond to the institutiones that expressed the workings of civil law, is both a systematic as well as an apologetic work which, as Patrick Healy argues, seeks "[to] point out the futility of pagan beliefs and to establish the reasonableness and truth of Christianity". The work was the first full attempt to defend Christian theology in Latin, and it was likely written to appeal to and convince educated pagans. While Lactantius focused much of Divinae institutiones on combating the claims of pagan writers (who at the time were aiding the persecutors of Christianity by writing specialized attack pamphlets), the author also sought to make his work "sufficiently broad" that it might stem criticisms from all directions.

Groom v Barber

Groom v Barber (1915), a c.i.f. contract.

Under a c.i.f. contract, the result is that the seller performs their obligations

by delivering to the buyer within a reasonable time from the agreed date of shipment the documents, ordinarily the bill of lading, the invoice, and the policy of insurance, which will entitle the buyer to obtain on arrival of the ship delivery of goods shipped in accordance with the contract, or in case of loss will entitle him to recover on the policy the value of the goods if lost by a peril agreed in the contract to be covered, and in any case will give him rightful claim against the ship in respect of any misdelivery or wrongful treatment of the goods. It therefore becomes immaterial whether before the date of the tender of the documents the property in the goods was the seller or buyer's or [that of] some third person.

Allen v Emmerson

Allen v Emmerson and others KBD 1944 is a legal case relating to the maxim ejusdem generis, a term used in the field of statutory interpretation to assess the scope of phrases such as "and other similar items". https://swarb.co.uk/?s=allen+v+emmerson Quoted in Brushfield Ltd (t/a The Clarence Hotel) v Arachas Corporate Brokers Ltd and another, (Approved) [2021] IEHC 263 (19 April 2021)

Keane J. (as he then was) referred to the decision of Asquith J. in Allen v. Emmerson [1944] KB 362 in which the court had noted that no case had been cited to establish that, in contrast to cases where a number of classes are enumerated, a genus could be said to exist by the mention of a single class only (in that case, theatres) followed by the reference to other places of public entertainment. In that case, Asquith J. concluded that a funfair was a "place of public entertainment" notwithstanding that those words were prefaced by a single reference to "theatres".

Damages

Why ten per cent: https://www.judiciary.uk/wp-content/uploads/JCO/Documents/Speeches/lj-jackson-speech-why-ten-percent-29022012a.pdf Lackson LJ

Bias in legal decision-making UK cases:

• R v Gough 1993
• In re Pinochet
• Magill v Porter and Magill v Weeks, 2001 UKHL 67, see speech by Lord Hope of Craighead, paragraphs 60ff.

Energy

https://www.gov.uk/government/news/government-outlines-plans-to-help-cut-energy-bills-for-businesses

Avocado cultivation in Tanzania

Avocados are grown in the Coastal and Dar es Salaam regions of Tanzania. 5,551 tonnes of Tanzanian avocados, with a value of $8.5 million, were supplied to Europe, Africa and Asia in 2018. Currently (2019) 90% of Tanzania's avocados are exported to the EU.

Producer compliance scheme

Under EU law, producer compliance schemes apply in relation to WEEE under the WEEE Directive and packaging under the Repic Ltd. See England and Wales High Court (Administrative Court), https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/Admin/2009/2015.html

Norway option

The Norway option was an option put forward based on Norway's relationship with the EU. It was considered because Norway's relationship was said to be "as close as a country can get to the European Union without actually being a member". The Bruges Group argued that Norway as "a relatively small country" benefitted from the arrangements in place and that the UK could benefit in the same way.

The Norway-plus model would involve the UK being part of both the single market and a customs union with the EU.

Developing Countries Trading Scheme

The Developing Countries Trading Scheme launched by the UK's Department for International Trade The scheme will come into effect from early 2023, replacing the UK’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP). Supported by the Fairtrade Foundation.

Special Commissioners (Income Tax)

In the United Kingdom, Special Commissioners were appointed by HM Treasury under the Taxes Management Act 1970, which stated

Such persons as the Treasury may by warrant from time to time appoint shall be "Commissioners for the special purposes of the Income Tax Acts" (in the Taxes Acts referred to as "Special Commissioners").

In this context, the "Taxes Acts" referred to all current legislation relating to income tax, parts of the Income and Corporation Taxes Act 1970 which related to Corporation Tax, and Parts III and IV of the Finance Act 1965, which dealt with Capital Gains Tax and Corporation Tax respectively.

The Presiding Special Commissioner Lime-IT Tilbury Consulting v Gittins, 2003

Category United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1970 Category Income tax in the United Kingdom

Flexible Framework

The Flexible Framework is (was?) a widely used self assessment mechanism developed by the UK's business-led Sustainable Procurement Task Force, which allows organisations to measure and monitor their progress on sustainable procurement over time. Developed in it addresses five topical areas of sustainable procurement:

• People
• Policy, strategy and communication
• Procurement process
• Engaging suppliers
• Measurement and results

Self-assessment processes enable participants to assess themselves at levels summarised as "foundation", "embed", "practice", "enhance" and "lead".

Supply chain optimization and inventory optimization

By taking a collaborative approach across a business network, supply chain optimization offers a more comprehensive process than inventory optimization, which seeks to determine what levels of inventory one organisation should hold in order to balance ability to meet anticipated customer demand while managing the cost to the organisation of holding inventory.

Power in supply chain management

The Journal of Supply Chain Management organised a "Special Topic Forum" on power in supply chain management in 2015,

Procurement roles

Inland border facility

[https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/attending-an-inland-border-facility/attending-an-inland-border-facility

Case law in relation to international trade

Wait v Baker

Wait v Baker (1848) 2 Exch 1 is an English Court of Exchequer case regarding passing of property and risk between a seller and a buyer. The ruling was given by James Parke, Baron of the Exchequer. If the seller of goods takes a bill of lading to his own order, property in the goods does not pass to the seller until the point of delivery.

Grainger and Son v. Gough (Surveyor of Taxes)

Grainger and Son v. Gough (Surveyor of Taxes) is a House of Lords legal case relevant to contract law and income tax legislation and raising the issue of whether publication of a price list constituted an offer to sell or an invitation to treat. Lord Herschell gave the leading judgment.

It was held in the House of Lords that the French wine merchant in this case, M. Roederer, based in Rheims, did not exercise a trade within the United Kingdom, and was consequently not liable to account for Income Tax on his profits and gains.

The facts involve a foreign wine merchant executing orders obtained in the United Kingdom through the services of an agent, Grainger and Son. The wine merchant appointed an English firm as his sole representative in England for the sale of champagne. The English agents then obtained orders, which they would transmit to their principal. The French wine merchant exercised his discretion as to executing the orders: in particular, he would not execute more orders than his supply of wine woild permit. The wine ordered was forwarded from Rheims direct to the purchasers at the expense and risk of the latter. Payments were for the most part made direct to the French wine merchant, though sometimes they were made through the agents. All receipts were sent by the French wine merchant to the customers direct. The English agents were paid by commission.

It was held, (Lord Morris dissenting), that the merchant did not exercise a trade within the United Kingdom. An earlier Appeal Court judgement was thereby reversed.

This case was later referred to in the 1968 case of Partridge v Crittenden.

Category Contract law

Customs risk management

COM(2012)793 final COM(2016)476 final

Dual sourcing (procurement)

Use of two suppliers for the same commodity, part or service. Daniel Bartel, CPO of Schneider Electric, notes that "in the past", dual sourcing might have meant that a business could access two suppliers who were competent and available to meet its needs, but increasingly dual sourcing "needs to be two suppliers constantly running".

Purchasing process

One widely-used analysis of the process divides it into 11 stages:

Stage 1. Identify or re-evaluate needs
Stage 2. Define or evaluate users’ requirements
Stage 3. Decide to make or buy
Stage 4. Identify type of purchase
Stage 5. Conduct market analysis
Stage 6. Identify possible suppliers
Stage 7. Pre-screen possible suppliers
Stage 8. Evaluate the remaining supplier base
Stage 9. Choose supplier
Stage 10. Deliver product/supply service
Stage 11. Post purchase/make performance evaluation.

Merge ? with Buyer decision process

Legal issues

In 2013, a software company CoreLogic, now known as Servelec Social Care Ltd., challenged the Council's proposal to award a contract for an IT contracts management system to another company, alleging that the procurement rules (the Public Contract Regulations 2006) had been breached. The company did not fully reveal its claim when it submitted its legal claim form, and subsequently sought to amend its claim to cover issues it had not previously stated. The court held that the additional claims were "statute barred" (out of time) and could not be included in the claim against the Council.

In 2014, the Council's plans to award a contract for domestic violence and abuse support services to the charity Refuge were challenged by Bristol Missing Link Ltd., who had been the incumbent service provider under the Council's previous domestic violence contract.

School modernisation

Plans for investment in Northern Ireland schools were published in 2005, intended to address the problem of "historic under-investment".

Henry Brothers (Magherafelt) Ltd and others v Department of Education for Northern Ireland

Henry Brothers (Magherafelt) Ltd and others v Department of Education for Northern Ireland (2011) was a legal case regarding the decision of the Department of Education for Northern Ireland to exclude Henry Brothers (Magherafelt) Ltd. from a framework agreement for the provision of major construction works on school modernisation plans across the whole of Northern Ireland. During a tendering exercise taking place in 2007, Magherafelt-based construction company Henry Brothers had submitted a proposal for admission to the framework agreement on behalf of a consortium of companies. Bidders awarded a place on the framework agreement could bid for potential opportunities for construction work on schools in the province worth between £550m. and £650m over four years. Places were awarded based on evaluation criteria which were 80% qualitative and 20% commercial, the commercial evaluation being based on direct fee percentages, sub-contract fee percentages and indicative fee percentages for design services as applied to a number of bands of hypothetical contract values. The award process envisaged that costs for specific projects would be identified and agreed at the stage when contractors were appointed for each project using the services of a costs manager and a database of market costs. Proceedings established that award procedures based on lowest price only and on fully priced designs for sample schemes and actual historic projects had been considered but ruled out in favour of the fee percentage and banding mechanism which had been adopted.

An appeal court judgment was also delivered on 26 September 2011 in the case of McLaughlin and Harvey Ltd. v Department of Finance and Personel, also for issues arising out of the award of a framework agreement.

Central Procurement Directorate

The remedies hearing ordered that the framework agreement awards be set aside.

Prayer wall

Disambig redirect Chapel Allerton Prayer Wall Methodist Church

Encyclicals of Pope Gregory XVI

This article contains a list of encyclicals of Pope Gregory XVI.

Merge to Pope Gregory XVI

Pope Gregory XVI issued nine papal encyclicals (Enciclica or Epistola Encyclica) during his reign as pope. According to the Holy See's website, these were:

• Quel Dio (5 April 1831)
• Le armi valorose (12 July 1831), addressed to Gregory's subjects in the Romagne, the northernmost parts of the Papal States
• Cum primum (9 June 1832)
• Mirari Vos (15 August 1832), on liberalism and religious indifferentism
• Singulari Nos (25 June 1834), relating to the ideas of Hugues Félicité Robert de Lamennais
• Commissum divinitus (17 May 1835), addressed to the Swiss clergy, on church and state.
• Augustissimam beatissimi (21 December 1840) on the reconstruction of the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome
• Inter ea (1 April 1842), addressed to the Swiss bishops
• Inter praecipuas machinationes (8 May 1844), on biblical societies.

Contexts and contents

• Quel Dio, "That God ...", was issued following Carbonari-led disturbances in the Papal States in 1831 and addressed to tutti i sudditi dello Stato Pontificio ("To all the subjects of the Papal States"). This letter was concerned with the "restoration of peace" within the pope's realm following the uprisings, described as the "anxieties which had afflicted his reign" from its beginning ... driven by "the machinery of impiety" (le macchine dell’empietà). The Romagna and all parts of the Papal States except Lazio were affected by the Carbonari disturbances. The letter recorded Gregory's gratitude to the imperial Austrian army for its role as the "liberator" and "saviour" of the Papal States. Francis I of Austria is praised with "indelible gratitude" by Gregory for his role in supporting the restoration of order. Cardinal Giovanni Antonio Benvenuti, Bishop of Osimo e Cingoli, was singled out for comment: he had been sent to subdue the rebellion but was imprisoned by the Carbonari "provisional government"; later he was released.

• Le armi valorose, "The valiant weapons..." is addressed to Gregory's subjects in le quattro Legazioni, also referencing the "ever pious and august" Francis I. The quattro legazioni, the Papal States' northern-most territories, were situated in Ferrara, Bologna, Ravenna and Forlì, and were ruled on the Pope's behalf by a Cardinal legate. After the Austrian military forces had withdrawn from the four Legations, Gregory praises their "correct behavior" and invites his subjects to forget the past and to reconstitute a single family. The letter celebrates the downfall of the Carbonari insurrection, and "the restoration of peace to the domains of ... the Holy Roman Church". The need to use force, "the sword of justice", was regrettable but necessary; Gregory says "our hearts were torn apart" at the idea of having to use force. For the future, let it be known ... that everyone who forfeited our grace "will be able to recover it if he provides unquestionable proof of his own repentence".

• Cum Primum is addressed to the episcopate of the Kingdom of Poland and is primarily a condemnation of the November Uprising. Cardinal Luigi Lambruschini assisted Gregory in drafting the document. Andrzej Flis sees the letter as an "eager answer" to Tsar Nicholas I's demand that the insurrection be condemned. Gregory calls on the church in Poland to be obedient to the secular authorities, quoting Romans 13:1-2 and 2 Peter 2:13-14, along with St. Augustine's observation that in the early church

  Christian soldiers served an infidel Emperor; when they came to the cause of Christ, they acknowledged Him only who was in heaven. If he called upon them at any time to worship idols, to offer incense; they preferred God to him: but whenever he commanded them to deploy into line, to march against this or that nation, they at once obeyed. They distinguished their everlasting from their temporal master; and yet they were, for the sake of their everlasting Master, submissive to their temporal master.

  The first draft of the letter contained a more explicit condemnation of the Polish Revolution and the part played by Catholic clergy in fomenting it, but Gregory himself removed this wording in favour of a more generic message upholding civil obedience. The letter was later cancelled, or "progressively withdrawn", by Gregory, as he became dissillusioned with Tsar Nicholas I and his promise of support for the Catholic Church in Poland in exchange for Gregory's call for obedience. Gregory issued public protests regarding the condition of Polish catholicism in 1839 and 1842, culminating in the publication of his short "allocution" (allocuzione), Haerentem diu, issued on 22 July 1842.

Gregory later apologized to the Poles and said that his counsellors had lied to him about the uprising and that he was forced to issue it or else the bishops would be sent to labor camps.

• Mirari vos was concerned particularly with Liberalism and Religious Indifferentism (see Mirari vos), but it also dealt with the authority of the Catholic church and the exercise of authority within it, reiterating earlier conciliar teaching that "that the government and administration of the whole Church rests with the Roman Pontiff", in whom rests the fullness of church power. Individual bishops must ally themselves with the Pope and priests are accountable to the bishop and may only teach and minister with the bishop's permission. Gregory opened with an explanation regarding his delay in issuing a general encyclical.

Clement XIII's book burning was referred to with approval in Mirari vos.

• Lamennais
• Montalembert (1810-1870)

• Subjection to princes, defended with the same reference to Romans 13 and essentially?? the same quotation from Augustine's Commentary on Psalm 124 as he had used in Cum Primum.

Clement's book-burning was referred to with approval by Pope Gregory XVI in his 1832 encyclical letter Mirari vos.

• , addressed to the Archbishop of Toulouse

Coat of arms of Baden

• Commissum divinitus, addressed to the Swiss clergy, constituted Gregory's response to an 1834 meeting in Baden, in the Swiss canton of Aargau, north-west of Zurich. Gregory appears to have been aware in advance of the meeting taking place:

  In the beginning We were influenced to do nothing. We believed that the laymen gathered in the appointed place with no other intention than to study those matters which concern religion. We further believed they wanted to proceed so that they might not only discuss the many aspects of the ecclesiastical power, but also so that they might offer plans to those who wield high civil authority; those persons might then confirm and sanction the plans by force of law.

  but became concerned once the acts of the meeting were published:

  We were horrified in reading those speeches and articles and the principles contained in them. We knew then that novelties were being introduced in the Catholic Church which are contrary to its teaching and discipline and which lead to the destruction of souls.

  Switzerland enacted the Articles of Baden on 21 January 1834. In contesting these "novelties" Gregory put forward an ecclesiology of authority:

  He [God] who made everything and who governs by a prudent arrangement wanted order to flourish in His Church. He wanted some people to be in charge and govern and others to be subject and obey. Therefore, the Church has, by its divine institution, the power of the magisterium to teach and define matters of faith and morals and to interpret the Holy Scriptures without danger of error.

• Augustissimam beatissimi (21 December 1840) asked the bishops of the Catholic Church to collect offerings from the people of their dioceses to fund the remaining work to be undertaken in restoring the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls in Rome, damaged by a fire in 1823. By October 1840 the central altar and other parts of the building had been restored but funds were needed for the remaining parts of the project. The entire building was reconsecrated in 1854 in the presence of Pope Pius IX and fifty cardinals. Gregory's letter praises Paul the Apostle, drawing in particular on the language used by St. John Chrysostom.

• Inter ea

See also: Augustin Keller

Inter ea, Among these ... or among the concerns ..., was issued on 1 April 1842 and addressed to the Swiss bishops, responding to Swiss federal and cantonal action taken to dissolve the Catholic monasteries in Switzerland. The 1911 Catholic Encyclopedia states that

The Swiss monasteries were exposed to pillage and ruin during the wars of the Revolution. The Government of the Helvetian Republic was hostile to them, they recovered a little liberty after the Act of Mediation, in 1803. But the situation changed after 1832. The Federal Constitution, revised at that time, suppressed the guarantees granted to convents and religious foundations. During the long period of persecution and confiscation in Switzerland, from 1838 to 1848 ..., the monks of Mariastein sought refuge in Germany, and then in France and Austria; those of Mury [sic] were sheltered at Griess (Tyrol), others like Disentis, fell into utter ruin. The Swiss Benedictines then went to the United States, where they founded the Swiss-American congregation.

In the canton of Aargau, a balanced Catholic-Protestant canton, a clerical-led revolt in 1840, although it was quelled, gave their opponents, headed by Augustin Keller, an excuse for carrying a vote in the great council to suppress the eight monasteries in the canton in January 1841. Gregory directed the Swiss bishops to treat the Swiss decrees dissolving the monasteries and transferring their assets into secular ownership as null and void.

Some establishments closed by government action, for example at the convent at Fahr, were reopened shortly afterwards.

Inter praecipuas

• Inter praecipuas

Not to be confused with Inter praecipuas apostolici ministerii.

See also: Censorship of the Bible § 19th–20th centuries

Inter praecipuas, also known as Inter praecipuas machinationes, was Gregory's final encyclical letter, published on 8 May 1844. It dealt with the biblical societies which, according to Gregory, conspire "to publish in great numbers copies of the books of divine Scripture". Gregory criticises non-Catholic biblical societies and defends the Catholic church's history in teaching and preaching on the scriptures according to its own doctrine. Gregory's teaching followed on from Leo XII's encyclical Ubi Primum of 5 May 1824 and Pius VIII's Traditi humilitati of 24 May 1829, and extended his own critique of "freedom of religion" as enunciated in Mirari vos.

Gregory briefly accounts for the history of the bible societies, noting that they started in England and "have spread far and wide", and recalls the scriptural warning of 2 Peter 3:16-17,

Certain things are difficult to understand, which the unlearned and the unstable distort just as they do the rest of the Scriptures, which also leads to their destruction.

He then provides a more extensive history of the Catholic Church's position on access to the bible in vernacular languages:

• • Patristics: Tertullian, Jerome
  • Conciliar documents:
    • Lateran Council (1215), expanded upon by:
    • the Council of Trent (Session IV, 8 April 1546)
  • Provincial synods: Milan (1565, 1579), Aix (1585)
  • Roman Council 1725
  • Pontifical constitutions: Benedict XIII (Constitution Pastoralis officii, 1725), Sixtus V (Romanus Pontifex, 1585) and Benedict XIV (Quod Sancta Sardicensis Synodus, 1740)
• Promotion of canonical theologian roles in cathedrals and collegiate churches of major towns and cities: "beneficed theologians who give public readings of the sacred Scriptures"
• Enforcement: Innocent III wrote three letters, to the people of Metz, where the Waldensians were active, to the bishop abbots of Morimond and LaCrest and their capitulars, and to the Cistercian. This group of letters "is sometimes taken by post-reformation scholars as evidence that Bible translations were forbidden by the church, especially since Innocent's first letter was later incorporated into canon law. Margaret Deanesly's study of this matter in 1920 was influential in maintaining this notion for many years, but later scholars have challenged its conclusions. Leonard Boyle has argued that, on the contrary, Innocent was not particularly concerned with the translations, but rather with their use by unauthorized and uneducated preachers."
• Prohibition of scriptural translations on a local basis: Gaul, Council of Toulouse, 1229, and Spain, according to a statement of Cardinal Pacecco at the Council of Trent
• Faulty translations and "the newly invented art of printing" enabled the Lutherans and the Calvinists, followed later by the Jansenists, to promulgate "an almost incredible variety of errors", leading the Council of Trent and Pope Pius IV to forbid general reading of vernacular bibles.
• Benedict XIV further (in 1757) restricted access, only to vernacular translations which "are approved by the Apostolic See" or at least published "with annotations taken from the holy Fathers of the Church, or from learned and Catholic authors".
• The Jansenist position, that "the reading of the Scriptures for all the faithful, at all times and places, was useful and necessary" and therefore could not be restricted, is next condemned, both by Clement XI in the Constitution Unigenitus in 1713 and Pius VI in the Constitution Auctorem fidei in 1794.

Gregory then turns to the opposition of Pope Pius VII and his successors to the bible societies:

• • The work of Pius VII's apostolic nuncio (Cardinal Pacca?)
  • Pius' letters and published decrees, including a letter (3 August 1816) of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith to the apostolic vicars of Persia, Armenia, and other Eastern regions, and his decree concerning all such versions published by the Congregation of the Index (23 June 1817).
  • Various Congregations of Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, and
  • Two of his pontifical letters, sent in 1816, Nimio et Acerbo, 29 June, which he addressed to the archbishops of Gniezno (Poland), ) and Magno et Acerbo, 4 September, addressed to Stanisław Bohusz Siestrzeńcewicz, Archbishop of Mohilev, (now in Belarus).
  • Pope Leo XII's encyclical letter on his assuming the pontificate, Ubi Primum
  • Pope Pius VIII's encyclical letter Traditi Humilitati.

Finally, Gregory notes that he had added his own warning to a decree issued by the Congregation of the Index on 7 January 1836. Gregory is reassured that this record of warnings has been successful: even though some Catholics have "imprudently" been supportive of the bible societies, they later withdrew this support. Much of the bible societies work has, Gregory feels, been unsuccessful, but a meeting on 12 June 1843 in New York has given him some concern. This meeting had formed a new society called the Christian League, whose assertion was that

the institutions of the Roman and Italian peoples have been so influential that anything of any consequence that has happened in the world had its origin in Rome. They arrive at this conclusion not because the Supreme See of Peter is here according to the plan of the Lord, but because there has been a certain residue of ancient Roman domination, usurped by Our predecessors, as they often repeat, but still active.

Gregory's fear was that the Christian League was targeting Roman and Italian citizens, aiming to convert Italian immigrants in the United States to Protestant beliefs.

Current concerns:

takes advice from a number of Cardinals condemns biblical societies afresh, and the Christian League "and other societies of the same kind", specifically Swiss Protestant minister and historian Jean-Henri Merle d'Aubigné and his history of the reformation, and Le memorie sopra la Riforma presso gl’Italiani by Giovanni Cric. use of the index of forbidden books

Notes

The , which practically eliminated papal authority over Swiss Catholics, Gregory XVI condemned the law.

Other letters

• Sollicitudo ecclesiarum stated that in the event of a change of government, the church would negotiate with the new government for placement of bishops and vacant dioceses (issued 1831);
• Impensa Caritas ( February 1831) admonished the Polish clergy "to remain devoted to their spiritual duties, to refrain from revolutionary activity, and to obey legitimate authority"
• Motu proprio "Luminose prove" of 1 February 1832
• Quo graviora, on the Pragmatic Constitution in the Rhineland, translated "as more serious ills", issued on 4 October 1833, see German Wikipedia.

References: Offenburg, Franz-Ludwig Mersy, Achbp of Freiburg, Diocese of Rothrenburg or Rottenburg.

• Litteras accepimus, addressed to the Bishop of Rennes, 5 October 1833, on Lamennais' continuing non-compliance with the directives of Mirari vos. This letter is referenced in the opening paragraph of Singulari Nos.
• Dum acerbissimas (26 September 1835), posthumously condemned the theology of Georg Hermes (1775-1831).
• Multa quidem (22 November 1839), an "allocution" issued following the forced conversion of many Ruthenian Uniate Church members to Russian Orthodoxy, reportedly a less compelling document "than many cardinals would have liked".
• Haerentem diu, a short "allocution" (allocuzione) issued on 22 July 1842, setting out, "in much more forceful terms and on a broader scale" than in Multa quidem, the persecution of the Church [in Poland] and the Pope's unsuccessful efforts to halt it by appeals to the Tsar, and [addressing] the resulting complaints that he had abandoned the Catholics in the Empire".

Summo iugiter studio

The letter Summo iugiter studio concerned Mixed Marriage, in its own terms seen as marriage between a Catholic and a "heretic".

See also

Gregory's reactionary policy? [25] [26] Cardinal Giovanni Antonio Benvenuti, Bishop of Osimo e Cingoli Clemency with justice (x2)

Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor

Francis is praised with "indelible gratitude" by Pope Gregory XVI in the latter's encyclical letter of 1831, Quel Dio, for his role in supporting the restoration of ...

Pius VIII

Other letters included Inter multiplices (several letters bearing this name), In supremi, Literae fraternitatis, and Coelestis Agricola.

Inter multiplices

There have been several papal encyclical letters known as, or with titles commencing with, Inter multiplices ("among the many"):

• Pope Pius VIII: the Holy See's website refers to several letters bearing this name:
  • a brief of 15 May 1829 concerned with .
  • a brief of 11 August 1829 concerned with .
  • a brief of 4 September 1829 concerned with the organisation of the Catholic Church in Quebec.
• Pope Pius IX's letter of 1853 "pleading for unity of spirit".
• Leo XIII, letter of 18 December 1889
• Pius X, Moto proprio, Inter multiplices curas, https://www.vatican.va/content/pius-x/en/motu_proprio/documents/hf_p-x_motu-proprio_19050221_inter-multiplices-curas.html

Offenburg

Franz Ludwig Mersy, Dean of Offenburg, was criticised by Pope Gregory XVI in his 1833 encyclical letter, Quo Graviora.

Ita Pater

Matthew 11:26

Yes, Father, for this is what you were pleased to do.

Community benefits

Benefits which improve the economic, social and environmental wellbeing of an area are referred to as community benefits, for example in Scottish government guidance on sustainable procurement: Community benefits in public procurement: guidance note

Example

Glasgow and Clyde Valley City Deal Community Benefits Strategy https://www.glasgow.gov.uk/CouncillorsandCommittees/viewSelectedDocument.asp?c=P62AFQDNT12UNTNTNT

Francotyp-Postalia v Whitehead

Further information: Non-compete clause § United Kingdom

C-365/15 - Wortmann KG Internationale Schuhproduktionen v Hauptzollamt Bielefeld

This case dealt with the obligation of a Member State to provide for the payment of default interest, even where no action has been brought before the national courts.

Due diligence

European Union

The Final Report on "due diligence requirements through the supply chain", highlighted business confusion and concluded that "more needs to be done" to ensure that human rights and environmental concerns are addressed within supplier due diligence processes.

Following publication of the study, the EU's Commissioner for Justice, Didier Reynders, announced plans to develop a legislative proposal by 2021 requiring businesses to carry out due diligence in relation to the potential human rights and environmental impacts of their operations and supply chains. The proposal was adopted by the European Commission on 23 February 2022. The proposed directive establishes a corporate due diligence duty.

List of Scottish Court of Session, Outer House cases regarding public procurement challenges

This is a partial list of Scottish Court of Session, Outer House cases regarding public procurement challenges arising since 2006 under the the Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 2006, the 2009 amendments to these regulations, and subsequent legislation in this field. Under the Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 2006 and the present Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 2015, actions for alleged breach of a public authority's duty owed to an economic operator may be brought in the Sheriff Court or the Court of Session.

2007

• Aquatron Marine v Strathclyde Fire Board

2008

• Lightways (Contractors) Ltd v North Ayrshire Council

2009

• Sidey Ltd v Clackmannanshire Council and Pyramid Joinery and Construction, regarding a public works contract for the replacement of kitchens and bathrooms in council houses in Alloa and Tillicoultry. The value of the contract was below the EU threshold for works contracts, but the Council had advertised the opportunity as following a "restricted procedure" in which tenders would be invited from "a selection of providers who have expressed interest in the tender". The Council in this case, "with considerable frankness" admitted that its procedure had been in error.

The court also held that it was required to interpret Regulation 47(9) of the Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 2006 in a "purposive manner".

See also the Inner House decision in Sidey Ltd v Clackmannanshire Council and Pyramid Joinery and Construction [2010] CSIH 37.

In the case of Farrans (Construction) Ltd. v Glasgow City Council (2010), the Glasgow Sheriff Court held that the Inner House decision on Sidey related only to below-threshold contracts, and that for contracts above the threshold either the Sheriff's Court or the Court of Session were competent to hear challenges from aggrieved bidders.

2010

• Gillen et al v Inverclyde Council, [2010] CSOH 19

2011

• Elekta Ltd v The Common Services Agency (also known as NHS Scotland)

2012

• Clinical Solutions International Ltd v NHS 24 and CapGemini UK plc
• Shetland Line (1984) Ltd v Scottish Ministers on behalf of Transport Scotland

2016

• Dem-Master Demolition Ltd. v Renfrewshire Council. Renfrewshire Council acted as lead authority for Scotland Excel, a collaborative procurement vehicle supporting the local authorities of Scotland. Scotland Excel wished to appoint suppliers to a framework agreement for the provision of demolition services for the Scottish local authorities and published an invitation for tenders in March 2016. Dem-Master Demolition Ltd. submitted tenders for lower value, higher value and emergency demolition works, but some of the information submitted was incomplete. Although the required information was submitted later and within "little more than an hour", Scotland Excel ruled that the tenders were inadmissable and excluded them from evaluation. The issue before the Outer House was whether the authority in this case had "acted in a proportionate manner". The outcome was decided in favour of the defender and a decree of absolvitor was granted.

Reclaiming motion

A reclaiming motion is a motion raised under Scottish legal procedure whereby "any party to a cause who is dissatisfied with an interlocutor" may seek to submit the interlocutor to be reviewed by the Inner House.

Status Determination Statement

A Status Determination Statement (SDS) is a legal requirement in the UK where the client is either a public authority or a large or medium sized employer. An SDS is a statement by the client that

(a) states that the client has concluded that the condition in section 61M(1)(d) is met in the case of the engagement and explains the reasons for that conclusion, or

(b) states (albeit incorrectly) that the client has concluded that the condition in section 61M(1)(d) is not met in the case of the engagement and explains the reasons for that conclusion.

Legally the client must "take reasonable care in coming to the conclusion mentioned".

Design freeze

In construction and engineering, a design freeze represents a cut-off point when the design phase is complete and no further changes to the proposed design can take place. It is important for purposes such as planning permission and construction procurement that a design freeze is in place, and design freeze in the development of a new motor vehicle enables the manufacturer to move into the production design stage.

Contractual issues

Where modular construction is proposed, design freeze needs to take place much further in advance of the programme than under a traditional construction programme, but this may be a challenging requirement, for example if planning permission has not been granted yet, changes to the design may be mandated after the contract has been signed and modular construction commenced. If the contract is not awarded until after planning permission the long lead in times erode the cost savings which modular construction would otherwise secure. The New Engineering Contract (NEC) issued a practice note on 25 September 2018 covering this issue and noting that in practice, this may be one example of circumstances where "post contract variations are ... inevitable".

See also

• Designing Buildings Wiki: Design Freeze

1973 Chilean coup d'état

Legal impact

A number of cargo shipments involving trade with Cuba were affected by government policy decisions, and subsequently performance of the trade contracts underlying the shipping deliveries was made illegal under Cuban law. The Chilean company Iansa purchased sugar from the Cuban business entity, Cubazukar, and several shipments were at different stages of the shipping and delivery process. The ships involved included:

• Playa Larga (delivery in Chile was underway but not completed before the ship left)
• The Marble Island (the ship was en route for Chile but was diverted elsewhere)
• Aegis Farne (hire was cancelled before the cargo had been loaded).

The shipping contracts used c.i.f. trade terms. Iansa sued Cubazukar for non-delivery. The High Court (in England) ruled that IANSA was entitled to damages in respect of the undelivered balance of the Playa Larga cargo and to restitution of the price paid for the Marble Island cargo. Subsequent appeals by both parties were dismissed. In regard to the Aegis Farne shipping, the contract was frustrated and therefore Cubazukar were not in breach.

Chapter 8 barrier

Chapter 8 barriers are so-called owing to their conformance, when used as recommended, with the standards set out in the Traffic Signs Manual and the New Roads and Street Works Act 1991. Chapter 8 systems offer very versatile barrier options and can be used for traffic and pedestrian control and warning.

Paul Todd's case list

List of Cases

Schools

Published Admission Number (PAN)

Santex SpA v. Unita Socio Sanitaria Locale n. 42 di Pavia

In Santex SpA v. Unita Socio Sanitaria Locale n. 42 di Pavia, the Court addressed a problem where an Italian contracting authority's invitation to tender (ITT) included a potentially unlawful provision excluding certain companies but for which the statutory period of limitation had expired, however, the applicant wished to challenge the "exclusion decision" whereby their tender was excluded from evaluation in accordance with the provision in the ITT.

The operative part of the Court's ruling stated that the relevant Directives :

where it is established that, by its conduct, a contracting authority has rendered impossible or excessively difficult the exercise of the rights conferred by the Community legal order on a national of the Union who has been harmed by a decision of that contracting authority to exclude him from a tendering procedure, an obligation to allow as admissible pleas in law alleging that the notice of invitation to tender is incompatible with Community law, which are put forward in support of an application for review of that decision, by availing itself, where appropriate, of the possibility afforded by national law of disapplying national rules on limitation periods, under which, when the period prescribed for bringing proceedings for review of the notice of invitation to tender has expired, it is no longer possible to plead such incompatibility.

Social enterprise in China

Further reading

• Xing, Hu, What is Social Entrepreneurship?

Herons Court v Heronslea Ltd

Herons Court v Heronslea Ltd is a legal case regarding the liability of an approved inspector (building control) for defective premises.

A lessees and management company had Herons Court flats constructed in Radlett, Hertfordshire. They argued that as a result of their defective construction the flats were unfit for habitation.

• In Case C-81/98, a reference was made to the European Court of Justice under Article 177 of the EC Treaty (now Article 234EC) by the Bundesvergabeamt (Austria) for a preliminary ruling in the proceedings pending before that court between Alcatel Austria AG and others, Siemens AG Österreich, Sag-Schrack Anlagent echnik AG and Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft und Verkehr, on the interpretation of Council Directive 89/665/EEC of 21 December 1989 on the coordination of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of review procedures to the award of public supply and public works contracts, following which the Court ruled that

  the combined provisions of Article 2(1)(a) and (b) and the second subparagraph of Article 2(6) of Council Directive 89/665/EEC of 21 December 1989 on the coordination of the laws, regulations and administrative provisions relating to the application of review procedures to the award of public supply and public works contracts must be interpreted as meaning that the Member States are required to ensure that the contracting authority's decision prior to the conclusion of the contract as to the bidder in a tender procedure with which it will conclude the contract is in all cases open to review in a procedure whereby an applicant may have that decision set aside if the relevant conditions are met, notwithstanding the possibility, once the contract has been concluded, of obtaining an award of damages.

Diet of Debate

Builders work in connection

Builders work in connection (BWIC) see https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Builder%E2%80%99s_work_in_connection

E2BN https://www.e2bn.org/cms/

Successor in title

A successor in title is a natural or legal person who is the successor of another person. This includes an heir who has inherited, executor, liquidator, administrator or other legal representative of a person.

Price

Price fluctuation refers to an increase or decrease in the price or cost of an item, which may include labour costs, materials costs or the value of traded securities. Volatility in any of these contexts relates to the extent to which there are continuing fluctuations in price over time, including volatility in relation to traded securities. The Construction Leadership Council in the UK has noted that "most forms of construction contract have standard provisions for managing volatility, without the need to make contract amendments. These provisions, such as fluctuations provisions in JCT and NEC 4 Secondary X1, provide a means of collaboratively sharing the risks associated with this volatility.

Redirect Price fluctuation to here

Risk in procurement

Risk operates along two key dimensions in relation to procurement:

• One of the outcomes of procurement process is the allocation of risk between supplier and buyer: for example, a fixed price contract over a period of time allocates the risk of cost fluctuations to the seller and protects the buyer from price volatility during the term of the contract. A good procurement exercise should aim to allocate risk to the party best able to manage it, or to achieve a "fair and balanced" allocation of risks.
• Risks arise for the buyer from the manner in which the procurement exercise is undertaken and affects the degree to which a procurement exercise can be described as successful. Examples of risk in this sense include failure to plan adequately for the process, allow sufficient time, ensure the organisation's staff are clear what they want to achieve from the procurement exercise and express this appropriately in a specification for the goods or services, and exposure to risks of fraud and corruption in the conduct of the process.

In the public sector and utilities industries, a specific additional risk is non-compliance with public sector procurement regulations, with its attendant risk of challenge from unsuccessful or disappointed bidders.

Further risks arise from failure to manage contracts and suppliers effectively, and may be related to shortages in the availability of suitably qualified staff for commercial and contracting roles.

Setting New Standards

Redirect to Government Procurement in the United Kingdom#Setting_New R to anchor

Von Hatzfeldt-Wildensburg v Alexander

Von Hatzfeldt-Wildensburg v Alexander is a 1912 English law case regarding a purported agreement to purchase a property, subject to the buyer's solicitor's approval of title, covenants, lease and form of contract. The judge in the case, Parker J., stated that

It appears to be well settled by the authorities that if the documents or letters relied on as constituting a contract contemplate the execution of a further contract between the parties, it is a question of construction whether the execution of the further contract is a condition or term of the bargain or whether it is a mere expression of the desire of the parties as to the manner in which the transaction already agreed to will in fact go through. In the former case, there is no enforceable contract either because the condition is unfulfilled or because the law does not recognise a contract to enter into a contract. In the latter case, there is a binding contract and the reference to the more formal document may be ignored.

Ofulue v Bossert

The House of Lords 2019 ruling in the case of Ofulue v Bossert confirmed that the public policy intention behind the without prejudice rule, to encourage parties in dispute to speak freely in order to settle the issues between them, should enjoy wide protection and therefore only in exceptional cases could statements issued "without prejudice" be used in evidence.

Referring to this protection as an 'umbrella', Lord Hope stated that "[a] court should be very slow to lift the umbrella unless the case for doing so is absolutely plain" and referred to Sir John Romilly MR's statement in Jones v Foxall (1852):

If converting offers of compromise into admissions of acts prejudicial to the person making them were to be permitted no attempt to compromise a dispute could ever be made.

Procurement in the NHS

The Health and Social Care and the NHS (Procurement, Patient Choice and Competition) (No.2) Regulations 2013 apply to

The procurement of health care services for the purposes of the NHS within the meaning and scope of these regulations is exempt from the obligation to publish contracts information on Contracts Finder.

Price indexing

The Purchase Price Index and Benchmarking tool (PPIB) collates and analyses spend data from NHS Trusts in England and Wales. While welcome transparency, the Health Care Supply Association in commenting on its use notes "the limitations of crude price comparison in a system as complex and complicated as NHS purchasing".

Performance

In November 2017, then-Secretary of State Jeremy Hunt announced a plan to rank NHS Trusts according to their procurement performance. The tables were described as "an attempt to reduce how much the NHS is charged by suppliers and help save up to £300m a year".

The trusts identified as best performing were:

1. Wrightington, Wigan and Leigh NHS Foundation Trust
2. University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
3. Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
4. Central Manchester University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, and
5. University Hospitals of Morecambe Bay NHS Foundation Trust.

Social value

Social value commissioning and procurement play an important role in the NHS, and the Public Services (Social Value) Act 2012 applies to NHS organisations.

Criticism

Most procurement decisions "happen at trust level", meaning that "individual hospital trusts are not able to leverage the massive scale of the NHS and negotiate the best deals on price and quality".

Government procurement in the United Kingdom

Green Paper

The Green Paper proposes fundamental changes to the way challenges are heard and managed, reducing the impact of court cases on contracting authorities while increasing accessibility for suppliers by relying more on pre-contractual measures, meaning that fewer challenges proceed to court for post-contractual remedies.

The Local Government Association (LGA) has stated that in principle it supports "the ambition to transform public procurement" set out in the Green Paper.

PPN's for 2010

Vesting certificate

A vesting certificate or certificate of vesting is a written statement certifying that ownership of certain goods, plant or materials listed in a schedule will transfer from one party to another upon payment and confirming that they will be will be properly identified, separately stored, insured and are free from encumbrances (such as retention of title). A clause within a contract for construction or sale which has the same purpose is known as a vesting clause.

Amend wording: Vesting certificates can be used as evidence that ownership vests in the client upon payment, defeating third party claims such as claims of retention of title, and can help to identify items, if for example, the contractor becomes insolvent before the items have been delivered to the client.

The UK case of VVB M & E Group v Optilan Ltd. [2020] EWHC 4 concerned a dispute between VVB, a sub-contractor, and its sub-sub-contractor, Optilan, on London's Crossrail project. The contract required vesting of the goods in VVB prior to delivery to site but the language of the vesting certificates was ambiguous.

Vesting clauses

Add

For contract clauses vesting ownership of goods in one party to the contract, see Vesting certificate.

Lesser duty rule

Under anti-dumping and anti-subsidy activities, the lesser duty rule adds import duty to dumped or subsidised goods in order to rectifying the damage suffered as a result of a tax calculated on the basis of either the dumping margin (the difference between the export price and normal value) or the injury margin (the difference between the price of the product in question and that of its European equivalent).

The rule is optional and is applied by the European Union on a voluntary basis.

eAccessibility and government procurement

The European Commission's aim to "harmonise and facilitate the public procurement of accessible ICT products and services" was embedded in a mandate issued to CEN, CENELEC and ETSI in December 2005. M-376

eEurope 2002: eAccessibility of Public Web Sites and their Content COM (2001) 529 "european commission"

Under EN 301 549 anything which is bought or built by a public sector body needs to meet this European Standard for accessibility.

Ineffectiveness (Contracts)

In procurement and contract law a declaration of ineffectiveness means

It was introduced into procurement law in England and Wales in 2011 and in Scotland in 2012, in order to transpose into UK law the requirements of the European Union's Remedies Directive.

A declaration of ineffectiveness means that a court:

• prospectively, but not retrospectively, cancels a public contract; and
• imposes a “civil financial penalty” on the responsible contracting authority.

The penalty must be “effective, proportionate and dissuasive”.

Public Contracts Regulations 2015 (in England, Wales and Northern Ireland) Public Contracts (Scotland) Regulations 2015

Ineffectiveness has been described as "the most draconian remedy in public procurement law".

Clause 108A of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (an additional clause inserted by the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) stated that a clause in a construction contract which required one party to pay both parties' costs in an adjudication, regardless of the outcome, were "ineffective". Such clauses were names "Tolent Clauses" following the case of Bridgeway Construction v. Tolent Construction, Liverpool District Registry, 11 April 2000.

A similar provision operates under Icelandic public procurement law.

In the UK, the first case where a declaration of ineffectiveness was made in Lightways (Contractors) Ltd. v Inverclyde Council in 2015, regarding the award of the Council's street lighting maintenance contract.

Supplier Relationship Management

https://www.zycus.com/attachments/article/669/The-year-of-the-Supplier-Perspectives-on-Supplier-Management-in-2011.pdf

Accounts payable

https://www.cfoinnovation.com/accounts-payable-critical-issues-and-solutions

National Regulator for Construction Products

The National Regulator for Construction Products will be given the power to remove any product from the market "that presents a significant safety risk and prosecute any companies who flout the rules on product safety".

Price adjustment factor

Grenfell site and programme

Finlaison House

Finlaison House, at 15-17 Furnival Street, London, EC4A 1AB, is a government building used by several central government agencies including the National Infrastructure Commission, the Single Source Regulations Office, and the Government Actuary's Department.

The Low Line https://lowline.london/

List of places of worship in the City of Wakefield

Featherstone

• All Saints Anglican Church, listed as offering a Conservative Evangelical style of worship

Lupset

• English Martyrs

List of places of worship in the Monaro region of New South Wales

This is a list of open, former and demolished places of worship in the Monaro region' of southern New South Wales. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Canberra and Goulburn serves this region.

Berridale

• St. Joseph's Catholic Church, located on the corner of Mary and Oliver Streets, Berridale, served from St Columbkille's parish in Jindabyne.
• St. Mary the Virgin Anglican Church, Gegedzerick Road, part of the Anglican Parish of Berridale and the Snowy Mountains.

Cooma

• Cooma Baptist Church, Cooma North, member of the Baptist Churches of NSW and ACT.
• Cooma Reformed Bible Church
• St Paul's Anglican Church
• Catholic Church

Dalgety

Our Lady Star of the Sea, Cooma Street, Dalgety, served from St Columbkille's parish in Jindabyne.

Jindabyne

Old Jindabyne

St Columbkille Roman Catholic Church, established in 1929. Now beneath the surface of Lake Jindabyne but visible when water levels are low.

St Columbkille's church (replacement), opened in March 1966.

Moonbah

St Thomas, Barry Way, Moonbah, served from St Columbkille's parish in Jindabyne.

Thredbo

John Paul II Ecumenical Centre/ Mary MacKillop Chapel, Crackenback Drive, Thredbo, served from St Columbkille's parish in Jindabyne.

Benedict XVI

Pope Benedict XVI on a "smaller and purer" church. The phrase is considered not to be his, but the sentiments are said to have been inspired by him. It is thought that it may have been an expression used by David Gibson in a story circulating at the time of Benedict's election as Pope, repeated in his book The Rule of Benedict.

Selangor United Rubber Estates Ltd v Cradock

In the case of Selangor United Rubber Estates Ltd v Cradock (No 3) [1968], Selangor-based rubber company

World class manufacturing

[Over redirect] World class manufacturing (WCM) is a business operations term popularised by business consultant Richard J. Schonberger. The concept has also been promoted by Davis (1995) and Parker. The term may be treated as a "proxy" for a number of forms of "new manufacturing methods".

Schonberger's 17-point action agenda, intended to guide innovators towards excellence in manufacturing, ranges from getting to know the customer to reducing the number of suppliers used, reducing error in production, and deciding when and how to automate.

Schonberger identifies 10 pillars:

• Safety
• Cost Deployment
• Focused Improvement
• Autonomous Activities (Autonomous Maintenance, Workplace Organisation)
• Professional Maintenance
• Quality Control
• Logistics and Customer Service
• Early Equipment/Product management
• People Development
• Environment (+ Energy)

and 10 management pillars:

• Management Commitment
• Clarity of Objectives
• Route map to WCM
• Allocation of Highly Qualified People to Model Areas
• Commitment of the Organization
• Competence of Organization towards Improvement
• Time and Budget
• Level of Detail
• Level of Expansion
• Motivation of Operators

{{sstub-industry}}

Management philosophy

[Over redirect] Management philosophy refers to a high-level approach to the purposes, techniques and limitations of the task of management and leadership within an organisation, enterprise or elsewhere.

Bodies of thought which have been described as a "management philosophy" include:

• Goldratt's Theory of Constraints
• Servant leadership
• John Mentzer et al. and other writers describe supply chain management as a management philosophy, because of its integrated approach to seeing the supply chain as a single entity, rather than seeing it as a series of fragmented activities. Similarly, Martha C. Cooper et al. describe supply chain management as "a set of beliefs" relating to the effects that each business within a supply chain can have on "the performance of all the other supply chain members" ... and on "overall supply chain performance".

See also

• Management fad

Further reading

• John Mentzer et al. (2001) in an article on "Defining Supply Chain Management" refer to a number of authors who speak of a supply chain management philosophy.

Management paradigm: redirect to Management philosophy

{{sstub-philosophy}}

Martin Barnes (Engineer)

(a) APM verbatim Martin Barnes (1939 - 2022) was a civil engineer and project manager noted for his role in the development of the New Engineering Contract (NEC), a founding member and longest-serving president (from 2003 to 2012) of the Association for Project Management (APM). He served also as the chair of the APM from 1986 to 1991, and was named an Honorary Fellow in 1995.

Career

Born in January 1939, Barnes earned a civil engineering degree from the University of London and a PhD from the University of Manchester in 1971. His doctorate was awarded for research into improved methods of financial control for engineering projects. Following completion of his doctorate he set up his own project management business in 1971, which merged with what is now PricewaterhouseCoopers in 1985. Later, as a consultant in project management, He was also active in the International Project Management Association (IPMA) from 1972 onwards, and was a Fellow, former board member and chairman of its Council of Representatives. Barnes was also executive director of the Major Projects Association for nine years until 2006. He advised on significant projects in many countries in Europe, Asia and Africa, for the World Bank, other funding agencies, governments, promoters and major contractors, and across many sectors including engineering, defence, aerospace, IT, financial, business change and the media. From 2008 he chaired an independent dispute avoidance panel set up to avert contractual disputes on work to build facilities for the 2012 London Olympic Games. He was a recipient of the Chartered Institute of Management’s Special Award and of the Institution of Civil Engineers’ Watson Medal in the UK. He was also a Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, the UK’s highest engineering recognition, and was a Churchill Fellow. In 2009 he was awarded a CBE for services to civil engineering.

He died on 5 February 2022.

Achievements

Professor Adam Boddison, APM’s chief executive, notes that Barnes "had a number of senior APM roles and accolades including being a past chair and president, an Honorary Fellow and a winner of our most prestigious Sir Monty Finniston Award ... However, it is most notable to me that he was above all a friend to APM. Although I did not have the opportunity to meet him, I have been struck by the warmth in which he was clearly held. It is sad that in APM’s 50th year that we are seeing some of APM’s founders pass. However, we are so grateful to Martin and the other founder members for setting us on such a good path. It is a testament to them that we have such a bright future and I’m sure he would be rightly proud of that."

Barnes' contribution to the profession is considered immense, especially for his invention of the classic Time/Cost/Quality triangle – known as the 'Barnes Triangle', project management triangle or Iron Triangle. He himself considered that "this was a very significant step in the establishment of modern project management and my triangle diagram came to be used all over the world".

The triangle emphasises "the importance of managing 'quality' besides time and cost", Speaking to APM’s journal, Project, in 2012, Martin said of triangle that he "really didn’t know just how important it would become". He stated that he created it because, when he was first running projects, "they weren't even referred to as projects. You had cost engineers to look after the money, planning engineers to look after the time and nobody was really looking after the value of quality of what was actually being produced. Nobody was in charge of making sure that the end product was the useful or valuable thing that the client wanted." In a later publication, Barnes referred to the triangle as "the triangle of objectives".

Martin’s BBC television programme on project management has been used as a training aid in many countries. He also led the team that produced the New Engineering Contract (NEC) system of contracts designed to facilitate and stimulate the use of modern project management across all the contributors on a project. The NEC is now being used in over 20 countries and has been adopted by the UK government for all publicly funded construction projects.

Asked by Project what his proudest career moment was, Barnes replied

I am not a proud person but many things have been very rewarding. Seeing the success and wide adoption of the NEC contract for one. Making and being in the first television programme about project management with the BBC was great fun. But I am proud of the project management courses which I developed and ran at the Outward Bound School in the Lake District for many years.

Tom Taylor, also a former APM president, said:

One of the reasons Martin was the longest serving president of APM was because he wanted to be in on the whole project management journey. To be present from unknown and unheard of, right through to chartered status – in a single lifetime or a single career. And he made it – all the way – in his lifetime and his career. Martin was not just on this journey, he was in the front row every step of the way – leading, encouraging, cajoling, entertaining.

Barnes "had always been at the forefront of the development of project management and had worked relentlessly to ensure that it became a fully recognised profession". The testimony of the APM is that he "changed the landscape of project management forever".

List of Japanese business terms

This is a partial list of Japanese business terms in use within English-language business and management writing and operations.

• Andon, a system which notifies managerial, maintenance, and other workers of a quality or processing problem
• Kaizen, meaning "continuous improvement"
  • Kaizen costing, a related cost reduction system
• Obeya
• Ringi and Ringiseido, a Japanese decision-making process

Category:Japanese business terms

List of Home Office Circulars

This is a partial list of circulars issued by the Home Office, a ministerial department within the government of the United Kingdom. Home Office circulars on various subjects issued to police and local authorities between 1835 and 1988 are held by The National Archives in Kew, London.

2002

• Home Office Circular 2/2002: International Application of UK Law of Corruption, implemented 14 February 2002

2004

• Home Office Circular 36/2004: Chief Officers' Pay and Conditions Package
• Home Office Circular 46/2004: The Police Pension Scheme - Police Medical Appeal Boards/Role of Selected Medical Practitioner/British Transport Police Transfers

2007

• Home Office Circular 018 / 2007 Trespass on protected sites - sections 128-131 of the Serious Organised Crime and Police Act 2005 (withdrawn)

Section 818 SH-60B helicopter P-8 Poseidon aircraft Air Force C-27J The provisions of this section:

• invite the Secretary of Defense to establish department-wide definitions of the terms "counterfeit electronic part" and "suspect counterfeit electronic

part"

• clarify the Federal Acquisition Regulation (DOD Supplement) to ensure that costs of replacement and rework required by the use of suspect counterfeit parts are paid by the contractors, not the taxpayer.
• require DOD and DOD suppliers, whenever possible, to purchase electronic parts from manufacturers and their authorized dealers, or from trusted suppliers.
• require DOD officials and DOD contractors who become aware of counterfeit parts in the supply chain to provide written notification to the government.
• require large DOD contractors to establish systems to detect and avoid counterfeit parts.
• require DOD to adopt policies and procedures to detect and avoid counterfeit parts that it purchases directly, and to act on reports of counterfeit parts.
• require the Secretary of Homeland Security to consult with the Secretary of Defense on the sources of counterfeit electronic parts in the military supply chain, and to establish a risk-based program of enhanced inspection of imported electronic parts.
• authorize US Customs to share information when electronic parts are inspected at the border with manufacturers, to help determine whether parts are counterfeit.
• strengthen penalties for counterfeiting military goods or services.

Health Technical Memorandum

A Health Technical Memorandum (HTM) issued by NHS England, formerly issued by the Department of Health and Social Care, provides "comprehensive advice and guidance on the design, installation and operation of specialised building and engineering technology used in the delivery of healthcare".

NHS information states that

The focus of Health Technical Memorandum guidance remains on healthcare-specific elements of standards, policies and up-to-date established best practice. They are applicable to new and existing sites, and are for use at various stages during the whole building lifecycle.

Healthcare providers have a duty of care to ensure that appropriate governance arrangements are in place and are managed effectively. The Health Technical Memorandum series provides best practice engineering standards and policy to enable management of this duty of care.

List of documents

• HTM 00, Policies and principles of healthcare engineering, 2014, provides guidance on the design, installation and operation of a healthcare facility from an engineering and environmental perspective.

UNECE inland transport conventions

There are 59 United Nations legal conventions in the field of inland transport which are administered by the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE). Of these, seven road safety conventions are considered to be the priority conventions. Contracting parties include states from around the world, not just in Europe.

The conventions include:

• Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous Goods by Road (ADR), Geneva, 30 September 1957
• Agreement concerning the Adoption of Harmonized Technical United Nations Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts which can be Fitted and/or be Used on Wheeled Vehicles and the Conditions for Reciprocal Recognition of Approvals Granted on the Basis of these United Nations Regulations, 1958. Revision 3 came into operation on 14 September 2017
• Vienna Convention on Road Traffic, 1968
• Vienna Convention on Road Signs and Signals, 1968
• European Agreement concerning the Work of Crews of Vehicles Engaged in International Road Transport (AETR), 1970
• Agreement concerning the Adoption of Uniform Conditions for Periodical Technical Inspections of Wheeled Vehicles, 1997
• Agreement concerning the Establishing of Global Technical Regulations for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts, 1998

Code for Construction Product Information

The Code for Construction Product Information (CCPI) is

It was initiated by the Construction Products Association (CPA) in response to Dame Judith Hackitt’s review of Building Regulations and fire safety undertaken after the Grenfell Tower fire of 2017. A new company, Construction Product Information Ltd., administers and manages the Code.

Limiting liability

Ailsa Craig Fishing v Malvern Fishing 1983 HL Lord Wilberforce

Commercial-of-a-type acquisition

In the context of federal government procurement in the United States, commercial-of-a-type refers to products which are purchased by government agencies and also available to the general public. 48 CFR § 2.101 defines a "commercial item" as

A product, other than real property, that is of a type customarily used by the general public or by nongovernmental entities for purposes other than governmental purposes.

However, "modifications of a type customarily available in the commercial marketplace", "minor modifications of a type not customarily available in the commercial marketplace made to meet Federal Government requirements" and combinations of items "customarily combined and sold in combination to the general public" also feature within the definition, and this gives rise to some difficulties with pricing and negotiations between contracting officers and suppliers.

Shay Assad, the Department of Defense's Director of pricing in 2015, noted that the "commercial-of-a-type" concept had "led to pricing issues with contracting officers", in particular because "many companies claim to have commercial-as-a-type products but do not provide information to justify the price they believe the government should pay for the products".

In the 2013 National Defense Authorization Act, Congress mandated that the Pentagon provide clear guidance regarding commercial items. NB 2013

https://www.lexingtoninstitute.org/robert-sturgells-speech-defense-acquisition-reform/ February 4 2015 – DPAP Memorandum "Making a determination for of a type items that are similar to, but not identical to, items that have been sold in the commercial marketplace can be particularly challenging" https://www.acq.osd.mil/dpap/dars/pgi/docs/DoD_Guidebook_PartA_Commercial_Item_Determination_07_10_19.pdf, page 4

Scottish procurement

The Scottish Procurement and Property Directorate (? operates as "Scottish Procurement") aim is "to lead and deliver public procurement".

External links

• Scottish Procurement Policy Notes (SPPNs)
• Procurement Journey
• Adams, H. S., Making procurement goals a reality with Scottish Procurement

Architectonics

Aristotle and Aquinas refer to the relationship between certain arts as "architectonics", or "principal arts", wherein certain arts rule over other arts. The examples used by Aquinas in his introduction to the Summa contra gentiles are:

• the art of medicine rules and orders the art of the chemist
• the art of sailing rules the art of shipbuilding
• the military art rules the equestrian art when serving a military purpose, and the art of the equipment of war
• the wisdom of the absolutely wise man rules all of the above.

Anton Pegis

Anton Pegis (1905-1978) was a Catholic philosopher, educator and editor known for his promotion of Thomism.

Pegis was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, on 24 August 1905; he died in Toronto, Canada, on 13 May 1978. He received a B.A. in 1928 and an M.A in 1929 from Marquette University. In 1929 Pegis entered the Institute of Mediaeval Studies in Toronto, where he studied under Etienne Gilson and Gerald Phelan.

In the Washington DC Dominican House of Studies version, Anton Pegis translated Book One of Aquinas' Summa contra gentiles. Book 2 was translated by James F. Anderson

The Doctrine of the Twofold Truth

Thomas Aquinas teaches "a twofold mode of truth in what we profess about God" in Book One of his Summa contra gentiles:

Some truths about God exceed all the ability of the human reason. Such is the truth that God is triune. But there are some truths which the natural reason also is able to reach.

In Laurence Shapcote's translation, published as that of the Fathers of the English Dominican Province, this section reads "in those things which we hold about God there is truth in two ways", namely

• truth surpassing the capability of human reason: for instance, that God is three and one, and
• truth to which even natural reason can attain.

Thomas continues:

Duplici igitur veritate divinorum intelligibilium existente ...

Anton Pegis' translation, published by the Dominican House of Studies in Washington, D.C., reads:

Since, therefore, there exists a twofold truth concerning the divine being ...:

Shapcote's translation reads:

While then the truth of the intelligible things of God is twofold ...: .

Aquinas argues that there are truths about God which "the inquiry of ... reason can reach", and other truths about God which "which surpass the whole ability of human reason". He then presents a justification for God choosing to "reveal" those truths which in any case could be attained by reason, to avoid the inconvenientia or awkward consequences which would apply without such revelation:

• knowledge of these truths about God would not reach those who are not intellectually suited to study, those engaged with temporal matters or those who lack the drive towards metaphysical learning
• time is short and those who would come to discover the truth of God "would barely reach it after a great deal of time"
• even the wise do not always agree, and "each one teaches his own brand of doctrine", which invariably includes some matters which are false, lingering among the true.

Thus, even those truths [which] the human reason is able to investigate have also been made known through instruction, to be held by faith.

In relation to "those truths that are above the human reason", Aquinas makes the case for revelation and faith, but ponders how we are to "receive from God as objects of belief even those truths that are above the human reason". The benefits derived from certain truths which "exceed reason" include:

• strengthening in man the view that God is something above what he can think
• the curbing of presumption, which is the mother of error.

Chapter 6 looks at human assent to the truths of faith which are "above reason", for which human reason "offers no experimental evidence": divine wisdom reveals its own presence, and "the truth of its teaching and inspiration". Aquinas refers to the second letter of Peter, where the writer denies the use of "artificial fables".

The wonderful immutation in the heavenly bodies is given, along with miraculous healings of those who are sick and the raising of the dead, as an example of the manifestation of divine wisdom in "works that surpass the ability of all nature", the word "immutation" meaning "change". In his Summa Theologica he refers to the movement of heaven as "natural".

Chapter 7 asserts that faith is above reason, but it is not contrary to reason. The principal opposition is that between truth and falsehood, not that between truth of faith and truth of reason. Those principles which are "naturally known" are known from God, the "author of our nature", just as those which are revealed are also known from God. If they were contrary to each other, God would be guilty of both teaching the truth and hindering us from knowing the truth. Aquinas draws on the support of Augustine:

This is confirmed also by the authority of Augustine, who says: "that which truth shall make known can in no way be in opposition to the holy books, whether of the Old or of the New Testament" (Augustine, On the Literal Meaning of Genesis, 18).

https://archive.org/details/summacontragenti01thomuoft/page/6/mode/2up Book 1, Chapter 4]

Adoro te devote, words and song

Whether likeness is a cause of love?

SCG: And since likeness is the cause of love, the pursuit of wisdom especially joins man to God in friendship Thomas Aquinas, Summa contra Gentiles. Chapter 2, point 1, accessed 27 November 2022</ref> ST: Q. 27:3: Article 3. Whether likeness is a cause of love?

General preacher

In the mediaeval mendicant orders, a general preacher, or Predicador General: preacher general, was a preacher appointed to preach over a wide area, as opposed to a conventual preacher who was appointed to preach in a specified place. Thomas Aquinas was appointed as general preacher by the Naples provincial chapter of the Dominican order in 1259.

Gordon Churchyard

Gordon Churchyard

Category:Translators of the Bible into English

Charles Hollis

Charles Hollis was an architect and engineer, remembered as the designer of Bigsweir Bridge (which crosses the River Wye midway between Monmouth and Chepstow), and also Windsor Bridge, St John the Baptist Church, Windsor and All Saints Church, Poplar. He is noted for his early use of cast iron to create stronger supporting structures than either wood or stone.

Engineer-stub

Category: 19th-century British architects

Philosophy for Children

Harry Stottlemier's Discovery

The word "philosophy" is not mentioned (check), the nearest anyone comes to the term is when the girls refer to the boys' discussions as "what they're trying to do" (p. 75); logic is specifically referred to as "this reasoning stuff" (p. 91).

Marianne Moore's poem "The Mind is an Enchanting Thing" and Richard Wilbur's poem "Mind" are referenced in the final chapter.

DASH

The Domestic Abuse, Stalking and Honour Based Violence (DASH 2009) Risk Identification, Assessment and Management Model. See http://wiki.scouts.ca/en/Friends_of_the_Forest

The term loafer is used in some translations of 2 Thessalonians 3:11 in the New Testament, where Paul the Apostle exhorts ""some who walk among you in a disorderly manner, not working at all, but are busybodies". The Contemporary English Version of the Bible refers in this verse to "some of you [who] just loaf around and won't do any work".

There is room

Psalm 14

Verse 5: (Vulgate, DRA)

Fear

Verse 1

Oh come, let us sing to the Lord!

Let us shout joyfully to the Rock of our salvation.

The word "rock" anticipates the references to Meribah and Massah in verse 8 ("provocation" and "temptation" in the King James Version, "Meribah" and "Massah" in the American Standard Version), recalling the events in Exodus 17:1–7:NKJV when on God's instruction, Moses drew water from the rock at Horeb.

Psalm 144

Maides, daughters, quoted on fireplace mantel at East Riddlesden Hall.

Ragau

Ragau may refer to:

• Reu, a biblical character
• Ragau or Ragae, the site of a battle referred to in the Book of Judith (Judith 1:5, 15)

Howard Long - NIV

Greystones

Carrwood Park

1 Peter 1

The original text of verse 1 includes the word in Greek: εκλεκτοις, eklectois or "elect", which in several English versions has been transferred into verse 2:

elect according to the foreknowledge of God the Father

Mark 3

The verse break between verses 7 and 8 is treated as a sentence break by Beza, Er. Schmid, and Fritzsche. Check source

Rejection of Jesus: Bengel argues that the rejection portrayed in Matthew 13:54-58 occurred in a return visit to the Nazareth synagogue, his first recorded visit or regular visits "as was his custom" having been portrayed in Luke 4:16-30. Bengel therefore has the text in Luke 4:23 foretelling that he will be rejected when he later returns (“Ye will say", no doubt you will say ...). Jamieson-Fausset-Brown: This, according to the majority of Harmonists, was the second of two [recorded] visits which our Lord paid to Nazareth during His public ministry; but in our view it was His first and only visit to it.

Long vowels

τὴν (tēn) κλινῶν (klinōn)

Flame of Love

Elizabeth Kindlemann

John Wesley

Doctor of the Church

Local Lay-Pastor The Office of a Local Lay-Pastor was launched in the UK's Methodist Church in 2022. https://www.methodist.org.uk/for-churches/equipping-circuits/offices-and-roles/local-lay-pastors/ Single-church circuits

List of papal pronouncements addressed to the poor

This is a partial list of papal pronouncements and documents address in part or in whole to those who live in poverty or on the margins of society.

Courage, Cost and Hope

Courage, Cost and Hope is the title of a report commissioned by the Methodist Church of Great Britain and published in 2015 into complaints of physical, sexual and other forms of abuse involving the Methodist Church between 1950 and 2012. This "past cases review" (PCR) report, resulting from an independent review which took place over a period of three years, revealed that there had been allegations made "against almost two thousand perpetrators, spanning over half a century. Each perpetrator may have had multiple victims, which means that thousands of innocent lives are likely to have been affected. Of the numerous allegations considered by the inquiry, 200 concerned ministers of the Church. Over half of these were allegations of sexual abuse". The report was published with the aim of learning "lessons from the past".

The report referred to 1885 cases which had been identified, and noted that safeguarding concerns had only been recorded for 57% of the cases.

A 'full and unreserved apology' was given by the church to abuse survivors.

https://www.methodist.org.uk/safeguarding/courage-cost-and-hope-past-cases-review/

Abuse Compensation Solicitors

Abuse Compensation Solicitors are a group of specialist abuse law and child abuse compensation solicitors in the UK, associated with the legal firm Slee Blackwell Solicitors LLP. The group has been recommended by the independent guide, The Legal 500, and its charitable work has been recognised with a prestigious NSPCC award.

Farsley

Former Bagley Baptist Chapel, Bagley Lane, Farsley Rehoboth, partly converted to industrial use, referred to on a plaque as "Farsley's First Baptist Chapel", built in 1777, enlarged in 1836 and 1844, "in secular use" since 1906. https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1213541 Adjacent land, Farsley Rehoboth Burial Ground, is now a community asset.

Wortley and Farnley Dixon Lane Road St John the Evangelist, Parish of Wortley and Farnley, Leeds

Hunslet

Christ Impact Chapel Suite I Chengate House 61 Pepper Road Hunslet Leeds LS10 2RU 20/01435/FU | Retrospective application for change of use of office to place of worship/church (D1) | Christ Impact Chapel Suite I Chengate House 61 Pepper Road Hunslet Leeds LS10 2RU At the time of applying for planning permission in 2020 the size of the congregation was generally around 20 persons

Rawdon

Rawdon Baptist College Chapel Wharfedale Observer https://www.wharfedaleobserver.co.uk/features/featuresnostalgia/18682805.history-rawdons-baptist-training-college-chapel/

A Mariña

A Mariña (Galician), or La Mariña in Spanish, is an area located along the northern coast of the Province of Leon in Galicia, northern Spain. It is divided into three comarcas:

• A Mariña Central
• A Mariña Occidental
• A Mariña Oriental

Torrellano

Torrellano is a pedanía or locality within the municipality of Elche in the province of Alicante, in the Valencian Community, Spain. Torrellano Club de Fútbol was based there between 1983 and 2009. Torrellano Illice CF was then formed by a merger, but in 2011 the club was sold to Huracán CF, and moved to Valencia.

Category:Elche

Duty

Duty in the life of the British royal family

Asmodeus

The Jewish Encylopaedia

Marcion: Head, P.,

Methodist Survivors Advisory Group

The term "respectful uncertainty" was formulated by Lord Laming:

"the concept of 'respectful uncertainty' should lie at the heart of the relationship between the social worker and the family. It does not require social workers constantly to interrogate their clients, but it does involve the critical evaluation of information that they are given."

Proverbs 10:1–22:16

Proverbs 10:1–22:16 constitutes the major part of the Book of Proverbs, part of the ketuvim or "writings" section of the Hebrew Bible and the Christian Old Testament. The proverbs or "wise sayings" in this section are attributed to Solomon, King of Israel and Judah, following on from the introductory prologue in Proverbs 1-9. These proverbs are each "short and for the most part disconnected maxims, each of them contained as a rule in a couplet or distich formed strictly on the model of Hebrew parallelism.

Methodist minister Arno C. Gaebelein breaks this collection on sayings at Proverbs 19:20, from which he argues that the instructions to Solomon, "my son", continue from the first 9 chapters of Proverbs. On the other hand, John Nelson Darby treats chapters 10 to 31 in a single commentary.

The "Second Collection of Proverbs" (T. T. Perowne) or the "Second Part of the Book of Proverbs" (Joseph Benson), known also as "Thirty Sayings of the Wise" (New International Version), begins at Proverbs 22:17.

In the Hebrew Masoretic text of Proverbs there are no parashot between Proverbs 10:1 and 19:10.

Verse 1

A wise son makes a glad father,

But a foolish son is the grief of his mother.

Perowne thinks that "is perhaps significant that the first proverb deals with so fundamental a relation of human society" as that between parents and children. The mother's 'grief' is rendered as 'heaviness', "a somewhat uncommon word", in the King James Version.

Verse 1

Dishonest scales are an abomination to the Lord,

But a just weight is His delight.

This verse and also verse 26 address commercial malpractice.

The use of false weights and measures is condemned in the law (Deuteronomy 25:13-16) and the prophets (Amos 8:5; Micah 6:11). Ancient Near-Eastern law codes also prescribed against it. "An abomination to the LORD" conveys the strongest possible displeasure.

(See also 16:11; 20:10, 23)

Verse 26

The people will curse him who withholds grain,

But blessing will be on the head of him who sells it.

This verse appears to be aimed at "traders who stockpile grain in times of scarcity to force up the prices and increase their profit.

Chapter 12

The sayings in verses 1, 15-16 and 23 in this chapter reflect on the "central characteristics of the fool". The fool lacks self-control, both of his temper and his tongue.

Verse 4

An excellent wife is the crown of her husband,

But she who causes shame is like rottenness in his bones.

The designation of "an excellent wife", or (more literally) "a wife of valour", makes use of the same word as the "mighty men of valour" in Joshua 1:14 who set off to cross the Jordan and inherit the promised land. In Ruth 3:11 the same word describes the heroine.

Verse 7

Alexander Maclaren

There is one who makes himself rich, yet has nothing;

And one who makes himself poor, yet has great riches.

Baptist minister Alexander Maclaren comments that "two singularly-contrasted characters are set in opposition here", the "poor rich" and the "rich poor". The former has nothing, but "lives like a millionaire", while the latter is "a man who hides and hoards his wealth". Maclaren comments that "in all ill-governed countries, to show wealth is a short way to get rid of it", reflecting that this may have been the case "when this collection of Proverbs was put together", but concludes

I do not suppose that the author of this proverb attached any kind of moral to it in his own mind. It is simply a jotting of an observation drawn from a wide experience; and if he meant to teach any lesson by it, I suppose it was nothing more than that in regard to money, as to other things, we should avoid extremes.

Chapter 14

This chapter refers to "the antithesis between wisdom and folly, and the different effects of each".

Verse 1

A medieval allegory of Folly, painted by Giotto.

Every wise woman builds her house, but a foolish one tears it down with her own hands.

The New American Bible Revised Edition refers here to "the relationship between Wisdom, personified as a woman, and building a house", and likewise to the foolish woman, personified as Folly:

Wisdom builds her house, but Folly tears hers down with her own hands.

Verse 2

Be honest and you show that you have reverence for the LORD; be dishonest and you show that you do not. (Good News Translation).

The Good News Translation again differs from many other translations in offering an instruction to the learner on how to behave in place of an observation about others, for example the New Century Version states:

People who live good lives respect the Lord, but those who live evil lives don’t.

Benson takes the language of the Authorized Version (King James Version), where he who "walketh in his uprightness" is contrasted with "he that is perverse in his ways", the latter "cares not what he does, so he may but satisfy his own lusts and passions"; his actions "plainly [declare] that he does not fear [God], but lives in a profane contempt of him, and of his commands and threatenings, which is the very source of all wickedness".

Chapter 15

Several verses in this chapter deal with "words" and their gentle and conciliatory effect, or their potential for acrimony and injury (see verses 1-2, 4, 7 and 23).

Verse 23

A man has joy by the answer of his mouth,

And a word spoken in due season, how good it is!

This verse expresses the satisfaction which "comes from a timely word for both the one who gives it and the one who receives it". However, Aitken notes that "out of 'season', the best of words are ineffective and counter-productive".

Chapter 16

References to the LORD feature in each of the opening seven verses of this chapter.

Verse 2

All the ways of a man are pure in his own eyes,

But the Lord weighs the spirits.

Reproduced almost in the same words in Proverbs 21:2.

Verse 4

The Lord has made everything for a purpose, even the wicked for the evil day.

Perowne notes that various translations operate: The LORD hath made all things for himself (King James Version), or for its own end (Revised Version), or for his own purpose (Revised Version, marginal note), adding that "he who makes a thing to serve its own purpose makes it to serve his own purpose in so making it".

Perowne adds that "it is not said that God makes a man wicked, for He "made man upright", but that being wicked by his own choice, [a man] comes under the irrevocable law which dooms him to "the day of evil".

Chapter 18

With 24 verses, this chapter is the shortest in this part of the Book of Proverbs.

Verse 4

The words of a man’s mouth are deep waters;

The wellspring of wisdom is a flowing brook.

The words "wellspring of wisdom" are explored by the feminist theologian and Medical Mission Sister, Miriam Therese Winter, in her hymn Wellspring of Wisdom, published in 1987.

Chapter 19

Verses 1 and 2 are missing from the Septuagint.

Verse 5

A false witness will not go unpunished,

And he who speaks lies will not escape.

The same words are repeated in verse 9. Franz Delitzsch notes the wording "who breathes out lies", as also used in the English Standard Version.

Verse 7

The poor are shunned by all their relatives—

how much more do their friends avoid them!

Though the poor pursue them with pleading,

they are nowhere to be found.

The meaning of the Hebrew is this sentence is uncertain.

Verse 22

Do not say, “I will recompense evil”;

Wait for the Lord, and He will save you.

Gaebelein notes that Paul uses this verse in Romans 12:

Dearly beloved, avenge not yourselves, but rather give place unto wrath: for it is written, Vengeance is mine; I will repay, saith the Lord."

Verse 1

The king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord,

Like the rivers of water;

He turns it wherever He wishes.

Literally "channels" of water". Perowne observes that "the comparison is drawn from artificial irrigation. The irrigator has complete control over the water supply. He cuts his channels and directs his streams whithersoever and in whatever measure he pleases." Just as water is turned into irrigation ditches, says Kenneth N. Taylor in the Living Bible.

Verse 1

A good name is to be chosen rather than great riches,

Loving favor rather than silver and gold.

Albert Barnes argues that the word "good" in an insertion.

Verse 6

Train up a child in the way he should go,

And when he is old he will not depart from it.

This verse was used by Methodist founder John Wesley as his text for Sermon 95, On the Education of Children.

Thirty sayings of the wise

The section of the Book of Proverbs from 22:17 to 24:22 is referred to as the thirty sayings of the wise in the Common English Bible, and separated from the main body of proverbs attributed to King Solomon in Proverbs 10:1–22:16.

This section runs to 70 verses in total. It is called the "Thirty sayings of the wise", and so numbered in the New International Version, reflecting the contents of Proverbs 22:20:

Have I not written thirty sayings for you,

sayings of counsel and knowledge

teaching you to be honest and to speak the truth,

so that you bring back truthful reports

to those you serve?

The Jerusalem Bible calls this section "A Collection of the Sages", while "Another Collection of the Sages" continues in Proverbs 24:23-34.

Chapters, verses and sayings

• Chapter 22 (verse 17 onwards) = Sayings 1 to 6
• Chapter 23 = Sayings 7 to 19
• Chapter 24 (verses 1 to 20) = Sayings 22 to 30.

From NABRE:

Introduction

The introduction (22:17–21) urges openness and states the purpose of the sayings. It is written with faith in the Lord, shrewdness, and a satirical eye.

The first part seems aimed at young people intent on a career (22:22–23:11); the second is taken up with the concerns of youth (23:12–35); the third part is interested in the ultimate fate of the good and the wicked (24:1–22). The whole can be described as a guidebook of professional ethics. The aim is to inculcate trust in the Lord and to help readers avoid trouble and advance their careers by living according to wisdom. Its outlook is very practical: avoid bad companions because in time you will take on some of their qualities; do not post bond for others because you yourself will be encumbered; do not promote yourself too aggressively because such promotion is self-defeating; do not abuse sex or alcohol because they will harm you; do not emulate your peers if they are wicked (23:14; 24:1, 19) because such people have no future. Rather, trust the vocation of a sage (22:29–23:9).

The Egyptian Instructions of Amenemope (written ca. 1100 B.C.) was discovered in 1923. Scholars immediately recognized it as a source of Proverbs 22:17–23:11. The Egyptian work has thirty chapters (cf. Prv 22:20); its preface resembled Prv 22:17–21; its first two admonitions matched the first two in Proverbs (Prv 22:22–25). There are many other resemblances as well, some of which are pointed out in the notes. The instruction of a father to his son (or an administrator to his successor) was a well-known genre in Egypt; seventeen works are extant, spanning the period from 2500 B.C. to the first century A.D. The instructions aimed to help a young person live a happy and prosperous life and avoid mistakes that cause difficulties. They make concrete and pragmatic suggestions rather than hold up abstract ideals. Pragmatic though they were, the instructions were religious; they assumed that the gods implanted an order in the world (Egyptian maat), which is found both in nature and in the human world. Amenemope represents a stage in the development of the Egyptian genre, displaying a new inwardness and quest for serenity while still assuming that the practice of virtue brings worldly success. Proverbs borrows from the Egyptian work with great freedom: it does not, for example, import as such the Egyptian concept of order; it engages the reader with its characteristic wit, irony, and paradox (e.g., 22:26–27; 23:1–3).

Table manners

Sayings 7 (Proverbs 23:1-3) and 9 (Proverbs 23:6-8) relate to "table manners".

Verse 1

When you sit to dine with a ruler,

note well what is before you.

"What is before you" may alternatively be read as "who is before you".

Verse 2

and put a knife to your throat

if you are given to gluttony.

"To 'put a knife to your throat' is a forceful expression for 'curb your appetite'". Aitken advises that the king would "take note of the glutton and assume he is just as uncouth in carrying out his duties".

Chapter 24

Several distichs or couplets appear in verses 7-10, similar to those found frequently in Proverbs 10:1–22:16.

Saying 23 (verse 7)

Wisdom is too high for fools;

in the assembly at the gate they must not open their mouths.

Delitzsch suggests that "wisdom is a power which accomplishes great things; it follows that it is of high value, though to the fool it appears all too costly". His own translation reads:

Wisdom seems to the fool to be an ornamental commodity;

He openeth not his mouth in the gate.

Alternatively, "wisdom is to the fool a pearl or precious coral", at once costly and meaningless. Joel Löwe (Joel Bril) states that "the fool uses the sciences like a precious stone, only for ornament, but he knows not how to utter a word publicly."

The additional words of the wise

Proverbs 24:23–32 constitutes a separate section, containing "further sayings of the wise", or "another collection of the sages". Perowne calls this a "Third Collection of Proverbs, "resembling in character the Second Collection [i.e. Proverbs 22:17–24:22], to which it forms a kind of Appendix".

Verse 24

He who says to the wicked, "You are righteous",

Him the people will curse;

Nations will abhor him.

"It appears that it is to rulers and judges that the proverb primarily, though not necessarily exclusively, applies".

Shadwell

Spencer House's planning permission can be viewed by visiting the Leeds City Council Public Access website and searching by the planning application number -18/02580/FU.

Children and Families Act 2014

The Children and Families Act 2014, "an Act to make provision about children, families, and people with special educational needs or disabilities; to make provision about the right to request flexible working; and for connected purposes" was passed and entered into law on 13 March 2014.

Section 14 set a statutory time limit of 26 weeks by which time care proceedings must conclude, unless there are 'exceptional' reasons for an extension of time.

Sections 91 and 92 came into force on 1 October 2015. Regulations coming into force at the same time added e-cigarettes, which had become popular since the Act's enactment, see straw purchase.

Stub

Parallel planning

In relation to public child care issues, parallel planning refers to a process whereby several plans may be considered at the same time during the early stages of a child becoming a looked after child. Parallel planning allows a number of different possible long-term placements to be considered at once. For example, to see whether it is possible for the child to return home to their parents, but at the same time having a back-up plan for the child to live elsewhere, like with a family member or foster carer if that is not possible. If the child cannot return home, this would mean that planning for an alternative arrangement is already underway.

Similarly, if Children's Services are considering adoption, they could place a child with foster carers who are also approved as prospective adopters.

It is usual for United Kingdom local authorities to use parallel planning processes in regard to children in care.

Parallel planning is also known as "twin-track" or "contingency planning".

Children missing in education

https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/children-missing-education Statutory guidance for local authorities, applies to local-authority-maintained schools, academies, free schools and Independent schools, and may be useful as guidance for "other organisations or people helping children who are missing education".

Corner Ball

One version of Corner Ball is an indoor ball game played with a soft ball and four tables or benches, each placed diagonally in a corner of the playing area so as to create a target for teams to score by hitting the table with the ball. There are four teams, each allocated a corner. Teams should be equal in size and each player is allocated a number: for example if there are 5 players in a team they are numbered 1 to 5.

List of places of worship in Craven

Embsay

https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/72300 https://awfhs.org/war-memorial/embsay-methodist-church/

Glusburn

All Saints Church, now a ruin. The church was erected in 1906 and closed on 1 January

West Marton

• Parish Church

List of places of worship in Harrogate District

For a list of places of worship in the town of Harrogate, see List of places of worship in Harrogate.

This article lists open, former and demolished places of worship situated within the former district of Harrogate in North Yorkshire, excluding those located within the town itself.

• Aldborough
  • St Andrews
• Aldfield
  • Aldfield is the nearest village and civil parish to Fountains Abbey and St Mary's Church, Studley Royal
  • St Lawrence the Martyr, part of the Benefice of the Fountains Group of Parishes
• Boroughbridge
  • Boroughbridge Methodist Church
  • St James' Parish Church, part of the Boroughbridge United Parish, officially the Parish of Aldborough with Boroughbridge, Dunsforth, Roecliffe and Minskip
• Dallowgill
• Dunkeswick
  • Dunkeswick Methodist Chapel, formerly Wesleyan Methodist, now in residential use
• Grewelthorpe
  • St James, built 1846, an Anglican/Methodist local ecumenical partnership since 2006, part of the Benefice of the Fountains Group of Parishes
• Healey
• Huby
  • Huby Methodist Chapel, founded 1889
• Kearby with Netherby
  • Kearby Methodist Church
• Kirkby Malzeard
  • St Andrew's Church, part of the Benefice of the Fountains Group of Parishes
• Kirkby Overblow
  • All Saints
• Knaresborough
• Masham
• Mickley
  • A Wesleyan chapel was built in the village in 1815
• Church, part of the Benefice of the Fountains Group of Parishes
• North Stainley
• Nun Monkton
  • Nun Monkton Priory was founded in 1172 by Ivetta of the Arches
  • St Mary's Church, the sole surviving structure from the former priory
• Pateley Bridge
• Ripon
  • Ripon Cathedral
• Sawley
  • St Michael & All Angels, part of the Benefice of the Fountains Group of Parishes
• Sicklinghall
  • St Peter's, part of the Benefice of Lower Wharfedale.
• Weeton
  • Former chapel, now known as Chapel Cottage, in residential use
  • St Barnabas, part of the Benefice of Lower Wharfedale.
• West Tanfield
• Winksley
  • Church, part of the Benefice of the Fountains Group of Parishes

List of places of worship in Hambleton District

This article lists open, former and demolished places of worship situated within the (former) district of Hambleton in North Yorkshire.

• Bedale
• Snape
  • Parish church
• Well
  • Methodist church
  • Parish church

List of places of worship in Ryedale District

This article lists open, former and demolished places of worship situated within the former district of Ryedale in North Yorkshire

Malton

• St Michael's Anglican Church
• Ss Leonard & Mary Catholic Church
• Wesley Centre Malton. Preliminary work has commenced which aims to repurpose the centre for use as a community hub as well as a place of worship.

List of places of worship in Bradford

This article lists open, former and demolished places of worship situated within the City of Bradford Addingham Bradford Cathedral Guru Nanak Gurdwara Guru Gobind Singh Gurdwara Gurdwara Singh Sabha Ramgarhia Gurdwara Gurdwara Amrit Parchar Dharmik Diwan Ilkley Keighley

List of places of worship in Greater Adelaide

This article lists open, former and demolished places of worship situated in Greater Adelaide.

Adelaide

Adelaide Cathedral Gurdwara

Keswick

Baserica (Romanian Baptist Church)

Pentecost

Use of the term "the Pentecost" meaning the descent of the Holy Spirit on Jesus' disciples.

https://churchmodel.org.uk/

John Munro Fraser

Fraser's five fold grading system is a model for understanding other people.

BS EN 15713: 2009

The BS EN 15713:2009 standard provides a framework of key conditions to be adhered to by companies who destroy confidential information on behalf of their customers; the security of this information being integral to the standard. Six core elements:

• Security screening of personnel
• Premises Security
• How sensitive information is collected, retained and transferred
• Security measures during destruction of materials
• Management and control of confidential material destruction
• Traceability of the destruction process

along with standards relating to such as specific sizes to shred to. https://www.theshredcentre.com/shredding-info-what-is-en15713/

Public Law Outline

In the UK, a Public Law Outline meeting (PLO) takes place before legal proceedings commence in relation to an application for a court order for a child whose welfare is at risk, and where the local authority is considering seeking an order to take the child or children concerned into "public care".

The meeting will consider what needs to be done to protect a child from harm and whether an agreement can be reached to ensure this. The aim of a PLO meeting is to see if a plan can be put in place without needing to go to Court.

Legal Gateway Panel

The purpose of a Legal Gateway Panel (LGW) is to provide legal advice to Children’s Social Care services about the legal options available to safeguard and promote a child’s welfare. The Chair of LGW will take into account the quality of the evidence available and the legal advice in respect of threshold and determine whether to

1. Commence pre-proceedings (PLO);
2. Consideration of a matter transferred to the Council where currently subject to preproceedings
3. Issue Care or supervision proceedings. (s31 proceedings), including ratifying sec 31 decisions made outside of legal gateway;
4. Issue any other court application, not part of current proceedings (Except discharge of care order and revocation of placement applications and DOLS decisions);
5. Issue any application following completion of a section 37 report.

Ownership of the LGW and the decisions made lies with the Children's Social Care Service and the role of legal input is advisory.

Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (England) Regulations 2010

The Care Planning, Placement and Case Review (England) Regulations 2010 Amended: 2021, came into effect on 9 September 2021

Boundary drift

The Jewish Annotated New Testament

The Jewish Annotated New Testament, based on the New Revised Standard Version,

Granges

Manco notes that from the 13th century oratory chapels were added to some monastic granges: these would be used by the working lay brothers and by visiting monks. Some granges were also used as retreats for the abbot and monks. It is therefore possible that monastic properties such as Abbey Grange, Allerton Grange, Bramley Grange (near Thorner), Moor Grange, Oakwood Grange, Shadwell Grange, Skelton Grange, or Wothersome Grange (on the Bramham Estate) may have incorporated an oratory used for worship.

Other places in the City of Leeds referred to as "granges" include

• Adel Grange
• Allerton Grange: a farm operated by Kirkstall Abbey was situated at the current location of Larkhill Green.
• Armley Grange
• Bardsey Grange
• Brandon Grange
• Dyneley Grange
• Kirkstall Grange
• Naseby Grange, Burmantofts
• Rowley Grange
• Shadwell Grange
• Weetwood Grange

Morley

Bruntcliffe Chapel Brittania Road Methodist The original building was a single storey chapel with a gallery seating area and small mezzanine Sunday school room. The building was later used as a workshop. It has been converted into apartments.

Scholes

The Old Chapel of Ease (also called St Philip's. Land for a mission church was acquired in 1873.

Check whether Christ Church Lofthouse is in Leeds or Wakefield

Lanier Business Centre

Former Baptist School on Meanwood Road, Listed, https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1375172, formerly listed as: "MEANWOOD ROAD, Buslingthorpe, Nos.376 AND 378 Church of God of Prophecy"

Fair Wages Resolution of 1946

Adopted during Clement Attlee's premiership, the Fair Wages Resolution of 1946 was a resolution of the House of Commons which required any contractor working on a public project to at least match the pay rates and other employment conditions set in the appropriate collective agreement.

The House of Commons' first Fair Wages Resolution was adopted in 1891 and revised in 1909.

This resolution was rescinded by Margaret Thatcher's government in 1983.

Case law

• Simpson v Kodak (1948), 2 K.B. 184
• BBC v. A.C.T.A.T. (1966)
• Racal Communications v. Pay Board (1974), ICR 590

Category:Wages and salaries

Category:1946 in the United Kingdom

Executive Order 13782

(Amend) Under Executive Order 13782 of 27 March 2017, President Donald Trump revoked three executive orders concerned with federal contracting in the United States:

• Executive Order 13673 of July 31, 2014 on Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces
• Section 3 of Executive Order 13683 of December 11, 2014, and
• Executive Order 13738 of August 23, 2016.

The Order also asked federal departments and agencies to rescind any regulations and guidance designed to implement the revoked orders.

Executive Order 13673 had mandated compliance with 14 federal labor laws as an essential requirement for all federal contractors. Section 3 of Executive Order 13683 had added the Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act of 1972 to the Vietnam Era Veterans’ Readjustment Assistance Act of 1974 in this list of laws., see also Guidance for Executive Order 13673, "Fair Pay and Safe Workplaces"; Final Guidance published by the Department of Labor on 25 August 2016.

Category:Executive orders of Donald Trump

Johnny Ray Youngblood

Johnny Ray Youngblood (1948- ) is a Baptist church leader, minister at St. Paul Community Baptist Church, Brooklyn, New York and leader within the Metro-IAF Industrial Areas Foundation.

Category:Baptist ministers from the United States

Westminster Abbey

Restoration of the northwest towers, 1993 May god grant to the living grace to the departed rest to the church and the world peace and concord to us sinners eternal life. https://c8.alamy.com/comp/B7ANRR/may-god-grant-to-the-living-grace-to-the-departed-rest-to-the-churcha-B7ANRR.jpg https://www.westminster-abbey.org/abbey-commemorations/commemorations/nicholas-hawksmoor

Equitable wrong

Equitable wrong and equitable wrongdoing are the analogous companions to "legal wrongs and "legal wrongdoing" within the context of claims for equitable remedies intended to provide redress in cases where a legal remedy is not available or not sufficient and the court uses its power to prescribe remedies suited to the circumstances of the case and the conscience of the perpetrator.

In the England and Wales Court of Appeal case of Novoship (UK) v Nikitin, Longmore LJ said:

In our case Mr Nikitin was not a fiduciary either as regards [Novoship (UK)] or the ship owning companies. He is not sued for a breach of fiduciary duty. He is sued because he has committed an equitable wrong. Where a claim based on equitable wrongdoing is made against one who is not a fiduciary, we consider that, as in the case of a fiduciary sued for breach of an equitable (but non-fiduciary) obligation, there is no reason why the common law rules of causation, remoteness and measure of damages should not be applied by analogy. We recognise that these rules do not apply to the case of a fiduciary sued for breach of a fiduciary duty; but that is because the two cases are different. Arden LJ made this clear in Murad at para 74. We note also that in Satnam some three pages of the court's judgment (665-668) were devoted to considering the question of causation.

As Lord Nicholls explained in Attorney-General v Blake [2001] 1 AC 268, 279-80, in proceedings for equitable wrongs in the Court of Chancery, the court had a discretion to order an account of profits, even in cases which did not involve fiduciaries. Similarly, Arden LJ pointed out in Murad v Al-Saraj [2005] EWCA Civ 959, [2005] WTLR 1573 at paras 46 and 56 that it has long been the law that equitable remedies for the wrongful conduct of a fiduciary differ from those available at common law: "Equity recognises that there are legal wrongs for which damages are not the appropriate remedy". Where, as here, the equitable wrong is itself linked with a breach of fiduciary duty we see no reason why a court of equity should not be able to order the wrongdoer to disgorge his profits in so far as they are derived from the wrongdoing.

Reliance on the capacities of other entities

Case C‑399/98 Ordine degli Architetti and Others [2001] ECR I‑5409, paragraph 90, supported by Case C‑305/08, Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Scienze del Mare (CoNISMa) v Regione Marche, 23 December 2009, affirms that "Community rules do not require that ... a person who enters into a contract with a contracting authority must be capable of direct performance using his own resources. The person in question need only be able to arrange for execution of the works in question and to furnish the necessary guarantees in that connection".

Third party rights in employment and dismissal

The cases of Dobie v Burns International Security Services (UK) Ltd. (1985), and Greenwood v Whiteghyll Plastics Ltd. (6 August 2007, unreported), relate to circumstances where a client has procured the dismissal of a supplier's employee. Dobie established that pressure from a third party is capable of forming a valid reason for dismissal but the employer, to act reasonably, must assess on the facts known to them at the time, whether and to what extent there will be injustice done to the employee if he or she is dismissed at the request of the client.

Other cases

• Henderson v Connect (South Tyneside) Ltd, 1 October 2009
• Bancroft v Interserve (Facilities Management) Ltd, 13 December 2012

Get-up

Get-up is a term of legal significance within UK consumer protection law and the law on passing-off.

In Reckitt & Colman Products Ltd. v Borden Inc., Oliver J refers to the "identifying 'get-up'" of a product:

[For an action for passing-off] to succeed ... first, [the claimant] must establish a goodwill or reputation attached to the goods or services which he supplied in the minds of the purchasing public by association with the identifying 'get-up' (whether it consists simply of a brand name or a trade description, or the individual features of labelling or packaging) under which his particular goods or services are offered to the public, such that the get-up is recognised by the public as distinctive specifically as the [claimant's] goods or services. Second, he must demonstrate a misrepresentation by the defendant to the public (whether or not intentional) leading or likely to lead the public to believe that goods or services offered by him are the goods or services of the [claimant]. Whether the public is aware of the [claimant's] identity as the manufacturer or supplier of the goods or services in immaterial, as long as they are identified with a particular source which is in fact the [claimant]. For example, if the public is accustomed to rely on a particular brand name in purchasing goods of a particular description, it matters not at all that there is little or no public awareness of the identity of the proprietor of the brand name. Thirdly, he must demonstrate that he suffers or, in a quia timet action, that he is likely to suffer damage by reason of the erroneous belief engendered by the defendant's misrepresentation that the source of the defendant's goods or services is the same as the source of those offered by the [claimant].

Safety Assessment Federation

The Safety Assessment Federation (SAFed) is a UK trade association which represents the independent engineering inspection and certification industry. SAFed’s primary aim is to promote safety and reduce accidents in the workplace. SAFed also supports corporate social responsibility through promoting compliance with the law and encouraging adoption of industry best practice.

SAFed is a full member of the Construction Industry Council and UKAS?

See Wikipedia:File copyright tags/Free licenses, Template:CC-notice

Since the anti-Jewish riots in Aleppo in 1947

OGL

OGL

BTEC National Diploma in Sports Coaching and Development, offered by Pearson Education. There are four qualifications in this family:

• Extended Certificate in Sports Coaching
• Foundation Diploma in Sports Coaching and Development
• Diploma in Sports Coaching and Development
• Extended Diploma in Sports Coaching and Development

DiSE

Diploma in Sporting Excellence The Diploma in Sporting Excellence (DiSE) is also a level 3 qualification.

United States Collegiate Athletic Association (USCAA) Eastern States Athletic Conference (ESAC)

Treasury

Accounting Officer

The Treasury appoints the permanent head of each central government department to be its accounting officer. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/1075006/MPM_Spring_21__without_annexes_040322__1_.pdf Each organisation in central government – department, agency, trading fund, NHS body, NDPB or arm’s length body – must have an accounting officer. This person is usually its senior official. The accounting officer in an organisation should be supported by a board. Formally the accounting officer in a public sector organisation is the person who parliament calls to account for stewardship of its resources

Lieutenant Colonel Dominic ‘Rocky’ Baragona Justice for American Heroes Harmed by Contractors Act

Lieutenant Colonel Dominic ‘‘Rocky’’ Baragona, United States Army, was killed in Safwan, Iraq in 2003. As a condition for doing business with the federal government outside the U.S., a contractor would have to agree to be bound by U.S. court jurisdiction in lawsuits alleging that performance of a contract resulted in serious bodily injuries to members of the U.S. armed forces, civilian government employees, and U.S. citizen employees of contractors. The bill would apply to all lawsuits filed after September 11, 2001.

A building control body is an organisation authorised to control building work that is subject to the Building Regulations in England and Wales (similar systems are provided in Northern Ireland, and in Scotland where the term 'building standards' is used). "Local Authority Building Control" (LABC) is the organisation representing all local authority's building control functions in England and Wales.

Deficiencies in the Internal Market for Goods

In response to a public consultation exercise on the future of the internal market, the European Commission identified in 2007 "a number of outstanding weaknesses in the internal market for goods", on the basis of which four new actions were proposed "to further facilitate the free movement of goods":

• A proposed regulation, which became Regulation (EC) No 764/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008, laying down procedures relating to the application of certain national technical rules to products lawfully marketed in another Member State and repealing Decision No 3052/95/EC,, now repealed and replaced by Regulation (EU) 2019/515 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 March 2019 on the mutual recognition of goods lawfully marketed in another Member State and repealing Regulation (EC) No 764/2008
• A proposal which resulted in the adoption of Regulation (EC) No 765/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 9 July 2008 setting out the requirements for accreditation and market surveillance relating to the marketing of products and repealing Regulation (EEC) No 339/93
• A proposal for a Decision on a common legal framework for industrial products
• An interpretative communication on procedures for the registration of vehicles originating in another Member state, a field in which "specific barriers" and "bureaucratic registration formalities" remained as an issue.

Increasingly, states have to give mutual recognition to each other's standards of regulation, while the EU has attempted to harmonise minimum ideals of best practice. The attempt to raise standards is hoped to avoid a regulatory "race to the bottom", while allowing consumers access to goods from around the continent.

EU position on mutual recognition

• Conclusions of 30 March 1998 on mutual recognition
• The issue of mutual recognition in criminal matters was raised at the Cardiff European Council on 15 and 16 June 1998.
• European Commission, first biennial report on the principle of mutual recognition in product and services markets
• Council Resolution of 28 October 1999 on mutual recognition
• The idea of mutual recognition of decisions in criminal matters was discussed again at the Tampere European Council in October 1999
• Programme of measures to implement the principle of mutual recognition of decisions in criminal matters
• Continuing problems with the correct application of the principle were addressed in Regulation 764/2008 of 9 July 2008, which was concerned with formulating procedures to avoid national technical rules becoming a means of blocking the free movement of goods between Member States. Article 5 of the regulation provided for "the mutual recognition of the level of competence of accredited conformity-assessment bodies".

Colorado law

Under Colorado law, offers to purchase are not admissible to establish market value because of their inherent unreliability for this purpose.

Building Bulletin 93 (BB93)

Further information: Bridget Shield

Source:  This article incorporates text available under the CC BY 4.0 license.

Interpretative communication (European Union)

An Interpretative communication is a guidance document issued by the European Commission intended to "increase legal certainty and clarity" regarding EU law in a specific field, but not to change the law.

Such a communication may be necessary where the existing law has been in place for sometime but economic or social circumstances have changed significantly since the law was adopted, or where there is a significant amount of case law, for example in relation to the Working Time Directive of 1993, there had been more than 50 judgments and orders issued by 2017, each of which interpreted the directive in relation to the specific circumstances of each case. Where the Commission considers that the existing laws are "fit for purpose" but that it can assist in "promoting more effective application, implementation and enforcement", an interpretative communication may be issued.

Commission guidance and interpretation does not detract from the exclusive role of the European Court of Justice to rule definitively on the interpretation of the law.

Examples

• Commission Interpretative Communication on the Community law applicable to contract awards not or not fully subject to the provisions of the Public Procurement Directives, 23 June 2006
• Commission interpretative communication on procedures for the registration of motor vehicles originating in another Member State (2007/C 68/04)
• Interpretative Communication on Directive 2003/88/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council concerning certain aspects of the organisation of working time (2017/C 165/01)
• Commission Interpretative Communication on the application of the accounting and prudential frameworks to facilitate EU bank lending - Supporting businesses and households amid COVID-19 COM(2020) 169 final

An appropriate level of transparency should also be maintained in setting out how suppliers' suitability will be determined and how tenders will be evaluated.

In the case of European Commission v Ireland (Case C-226/09), it was alleged that the evaluation process for a tender for translation services for the Irish government's Department of Justice, Equality and Law Reform for working with refugees had breached the obligation of transparency under EU treaty rules, in that the invitation to tender had listed a series of criteria, stated not to be listed in descending order of importance, but the evaluation team worked with an evaluation matrix which allocated weightings to each of the criteria, and also that subsequently the weightings were revised once evaluation had commenced.

https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX:62009CC0226 - Opinion https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A62009CJ0226 - Judgment

The same case ruling notes that the obligation of transparency arises as a consequence of the principle of equal treatment (para 43), and in his advisory opinion as advocate general, Paolo Mengozzi discusses the interplay between transparency, equal treatment and non-discrimination:
- the duty of transparency is ancillary to (or arises from) the principles of equal treatment and non-discrimination
- this does not mean that transparency is subordinate to the 'main' principles
- transparency makes it possible to assess whether there is compliance with the 'main' principles, and,
- a logical process is to assess whether there is compliance with the duty of transparency before an assessment of equal treatment and non-discrimination can take place.

Heidberg

For case law relating to the German ship Heidberg, see Limited liability.

For a warehouse to function efficiently, the facility must be properly slotted. Slotting addresses which storage medium a product is picked from (pallet rack or carton flow), where each item is placed for storage, and how they are picked (pick-to-light, pick-to-voice, or pick-to-paper). With a proper slotting plan, a warehouse can ensure fast moving items are stored closest to dock areas, improve its inventory rotation requirements, such as first in, first out (FIFO) and last in, first out (LIFO) systems, control labor costs and increase productivity.

US Bureau of Labor Statistics research found that there were 526,200 purchasing manager, buyer and purchasing agent positions in the United States in 2019. Various writers have noted that businesses may reduce the numbers of purchasing staff during a recession along with staff in other business areas, despite a tendency to become more dependent on bought-in goods and services as operations contract. For example, US business executive Steve Collins observed that in one major company the purchasing staffbase "was downsized some 30% during the [2010] recession, 'but the expectations for the remaining employees remained unchanged ... The additional workload placed on the remaining employees following the downsizing created a much more challenging environment'".

Tennessee Code

The Tennessee Code refers to the laws of the State of Tennessee, and Tennessee Code Annotated (Tenn. Code Ann.) is the State's publication of "an official compilation of the statutes, codes and session laws ("Tennessee Code") of the State of Tennessee of a public and general nature". Publication is overseen by the Tennessee Code Commission. Annotations typically include the history of a section of the Code as enacted, for example section 9-18-102, which deals with internal controls and management assessment of risk was enacted by "Acts 1983, ch. 129, § 1; 1998, ch. 664, §§ 1, 2; 2008, ch. 750, § 1; 2015, ch. 112, § 1".

The County Purchasing Law of 1957, an optional general law statute which a county may choose to adopt, is codified at Tenn. Code Ann. § 5-14-101 to 116.

Errington v Wood is also known as Errington v Errington, or Errington v Errington and Another.

Construction

Preliminaries (or prelims) - construction Pay Less Notice Akenhead J notes that the payment provisions set out in sections 110, 111A and 111 of the LDEDCA Act "have led to unnecessarilt complex provisions" in standard form contracts such as those of the JCT. Akenhead obseves that the purposes of the las as amended are to:

• encourage cash flow towards contractor parties, and
• establish an agenda for (speedy) adjudication arising out of disputes between the parties in relation to interim payment entitlements.

Practical completion

GB Building Solutions Ltd v SFS Fire Services Ltd (t/a Central Fire Protection) [2017] EWHC 1289 (TCC)

Tolent Clause

A Tolent Clause, named after the case of Bridgeway Construction v. Tolent Construction, formerly required one party to pay both parties' costs in an adjudication, regardless of the outcome.

Clause 108A of the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996 (an additional clause inserted by the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009) stated that such clauses were ineffective: construction contracts allocating the costs of adjudication of a dispute between the parties must make provision for the adjudicator to allocate their costs between the parties.

Onerous conditions

"Onerous" is a term which has particular significance in the fields of accounting and contract law.

From an accounting perspective, an "onerous contract" is defined as a contract in which the unavoidable costs resulting from an organisation meeting its contractual obligations exceed the economic benefits expected to be received under that contract, and an accounting provision needs to be made if a contract which has been entered into has become "onerous" in this sense.

In relation to the terms and conditions of a contract, the term "onerous" tends to be reserved for terms which are particularly onerous or unusual. Chitty on Contracts (7th edition), as quoted in the judgment issued in Cubitt Building and Interiors Ltd v Richardson Roofing (Industrial) Ltd. (2008), states that

[I]f a particular conditions [sic] relied upon is one which is a particularly onerous or unusual term, or is one which involves the abrogation of a right given by statute, the party tendering the document must show that it has been brought fairly and reasonable to the other's attention ...

Public services in the United Kingdom

Main article: Public service

Public services are services intended to address specific needs pertaining to a community, whether provided directly by a public sector agency, via public financing available to private businesses or voluntary organisations, or provided by private businesses subject to a high level of government regulation. In the United Kingdom there is a strong tradition of public sector provision of public services along with private and voluntary sector provision of public services paid for by the state.

Examples noted in a history of public services in Oxford include street-repair, cleansing, and lighting, drainage and sewage disposal, water, gas and electricity supply, police and fire services, the Post Office, transport, hospital services, and the provision of baths, parks and cemeteries.

Public service reform

The House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee referred in 2008 to a "public service reform agenda", touching on an established theme within government thinking.

Open Public Services, a white paper published by the Cameron–Clegg coalition in July 2011 aimed to create a comprehensive policy framework for "good public services" in the United Kingdom. It set out the coalition's programme for reform of public services, described as a programme of "wide ambitions" expected to be implemented over a period of time, not all at once. Five principles were to underlie open public services:

• Choice, wherever possible
• Decentralisation to the lowest appropriate level
• Diversity
• Fairness
• Accountablity.

On taking office as Prime Minister in July 2019, Boris Johnson also referred to plans to "reform public services". The think tank Reform refers to its mission as "public service reform", and highlights examples such as rail franchising where there have been "repeated failures" in the provision of quality public services. Among a number of recommendations made by Reform in its 2019 report, Please Procure Responsibly, was the proposal that "all government departments which commission public services should adopt a 'statement of responsibility' regime and responsibility maps". They highlight the model used by the Financial Conduct Authority as an example. Their intention is that managers along the public services supply chain would then be aware of "what their responsibilities are and what they are accountable for in the event of failure".

Contested issues

Ayrshire Central Hospital in Irvine, North Ayrshire

• Levels of expenditure on public services: in 2021 the Office of Budget Responsibility noted that the government would "need to spend an additional £10bn a year for the next three years on public services to deal with the continuing fallout from the Covid-19 pandemic".
• The provision of public services free at the point of use, especially in the National Health Service. The NHS Constitution for England states that NHS services are generally available free of charge: in limited circumstances there are charges sanctioned by Parliament.
• Contracting out: in 2008, Government advisor DeAnne Julius wrote a report commissioned by John Hutton, Secretary of State for Business, on the contracting out of public services. The report claimed that outsourcing and the contracting-out of public services had "created a world-leading [public services] industry for the UK with great export opportunities". David Lidington, then Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, spoke in 2018 of the government's "resolve to make the most of the opportunities that outsourcing provides for individuals, businesses and public bodies alike".

Tony Wright MP, Chair of the Public Administration Select Committee during its 2007-2008 session

• The role of the third sector: the House of Commons Public Administration Select Committee noted in a 2008 report that, while the government at the time claimed that "third sector organisations [could] deliver services in distinctive ways which [would] improve outcomes for service users", it had not been possible to corroborate the claim", and called on the government to "demonstrate the evidence base" underlying the claim. The report referred to a target set in the Spending Review of 2002 (SR02) to increase the voluntary sector contribution by 5% in the period to 2005/06, although by the 2004 Spending Review (SR04), the objective remained but the "quantifiable element of the ... target" had been "shelved". In December 2010, the Cabinet Office issued a green paper entitled Modernising Commissioning: Increasing the role of charities, social enterprises, mutuals and co-operatives in public service delivery.
• Grant funding and contracting. Many voluntary and community organisations argue that "it is important that grant funding is not wholly replaced by contracts for many of the formal and informal services delivered locally". The Public Administration Select Committee noted in 2008 that much recent growth at that time in public funding allocated to the voluntary sector had been paid through "shopping" relationships (i.e. contracts), rather than "giving" (i.e. grant payments).
• The nature and function of "commissioning": the term "commissioning" refers to the process of identifying an area or community's need for public services and then designing and securing the services to meet the need, although it can also be understood to mean the same as "procurement". The Public Administration Select Committee raised concerns about the vagueness of the term, noting that it has a "specific technical definition" but is often "used more broadly and in a varied way".
• Public service mutuals
• State guarantee: a distinction has been drawn between "services to the public" and "public services", in that the state guarantees the availability of the latter.
• The limitations of a "centralised approach to public service delivery": the Open Public Services white paper argued that this model was "old" and "broken".
• Purchaser/provider split
• Service provision or direct payments, enabling those in need to purchase their own services. The Cabinet Office Strategy Unit calls direct payments "the most successful public policy in the area of social care".
• Inequality of access: during the premiership of Theresa May, a major concern related to the differential quality and outcomes of public services as experienced by people from black and ethnic minority communities. An audit of public services to reveal racial disparities was launched on 27 August 2016, The Race Disparity Unit within the Cabinet Office produced an initial audit report in October 2017 (revised in March 2018) which established that there were some public services where ethnic disparities were diminishing as well as others where more effective strategies needed to be developed to reduce disparities between ethnic groups.
• Integration: the Institute for Government argues that integration is an essential element of reform, although it comments that an assessment of reforms initiated by central government aiming to integrate local public services "shows that this has been tried many times before":

  It is often taken for granted that integrating services will deliver better outcomes for citizens, but we still know little about whether, or how, it actually does this.

• Transparency: the UK Parliament's Public Accounts Committee considers it "vital" that data from private companies who contract to provide public services should be freely available. David Lidington acknowledged that it was right "that suppliers should be held accountable for their performance".
• The growth paradox: Chancellor of the Exchequer Jeremy Hunt stated in October 2022 that (economic) growth is necessary "if we’re going to fund the NHS and our public services and keep taxes down".

Association for Public Service Excellence

The Association for Public Service Excellence (APSE) works to assist local authorities in the UK to improve their frontline services. APSE works with more than 250 local authorities "to advise and share information and expertise on a broad range of frontline public services".

Transparency

The Public Accounts Committee noted in 2012 that the Open Data Institute (ODI) would have a role in assessing what economic and public services benefits could be secured through making data freely available.

Category:Public services of the United Kingdom

Fabric first

A fabric first approach to building design involves actions to maximise the performance of the components and materials which make up the building fabric itself, before considering the use of mechanical and electrical building services systems. This can help reduce capital and operational costs, improve energy efficiency and reduce carbon emissions. A fabric first approach can also reduce the need for maintenance during the building’s life.

Tingley, "Iron Man" Methodist Chapel, Bradford Road, Tingley

Foley v. Classique Coaches Ltd.

Foley v. Classique Coaches Ltd. is an English

Long o: ō

Stub types

Michael O'Sullivan

The Levelling

Benedict Zimmerman

Benedict Zimmerman OCD (1859-1937) was a discalced carmelite friar, prior of St. Luke's Priory, Wincanton, Somerset.

Works

• The Ascent of Mount Carmel by S. John of the Cross. Prefatory Essay on the Development of Mysticism in the Carmelite Order

https://biblehub.com/library/teresa/the_life_of_st_teresa_of_jesus/introduction_to_the_present_edition.htm

Don Lorenzo de Cepeda

Don Alvaro Mendoza

Jerome Gratian, superior of the Discalced Carmelites of the Provinces of Andalusia and Castille, born Valladolid, died in Brussels, where he had been called by his friend and protector, Archduke Albers.

Don Alonso Velasquez, canon of Toledo, afterwards bishop of Osma

Mother Mary of St. Joseph, Prioress of Seville

Father Rodrigo Alvarez, S.J.

Sarah, our mother, the wife of the "Prince of God in our midst"

https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/23260703.pdf Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought , Fall 1991, Vol. 26, No. 1

Ailsa Craig Fishing - https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKHL/1981/12.html Zambia Horticultural Products Ltd v Tembo (S.C.Z. Judgment No. 27 of 1989) [1989] ZMSC 26 (1 November 1989) - https://zambialii.org/node/2286

Controversy

In 1991, the Dean of Stanford Business School held that Pascale had failed to "give adequate or appropriate credit to Gregg Easterbrook" in Managing on the Edge. Gregg Easterbrook had written an article published in Washington Monthly in 1986 called "Have you driven a Ford lately?", which was quoted by Pascale, but Pascale's book did not "give adequate or appropriate credit". Pascale apologised at the time and said that he had taken appropriate corrective action.

Roman Catholic/Methodist ecumenical dialogue

The Joint International Commission for Dialogue between the World Methodist Council and the Roman Catholic Church was established in 1967. The Commission held its first meetings at Ariccia, near Rome, in 1967, and began with mutually addressing the question, "Why are we here?"

Reports

Denver Report 1971

The report provided a general retrospective on dialogue from 1967 to 1970, including preparatory and substantive meetings which had taken place during this period at Ariccia, near Rome, in 1967, and in Oxford, Rabat (Malta), London, Raleigh, Lake Junaluska, Cambridge, John Wesley’s "Letter to a Roman Catholick" of 18 July 1749 is referenced in the report.

Dublin Report (1972-1975)

Growth in Understanding, Dublin, 1976

The Honolulu Report (1977-1981)

Issued "a significant agreed statement" on The Holy Spirit

Nairobi Report (1986) - Towards a Statement on the Church

The Apostolic Tradition, Singapore, 1991

The Grace Given You in Christ (2006)

On ecclesiology

Encountering Christ in Word and Sacrament

This ninth quinquennial report, published in August 2011 is concerned with baptism and eucharistic theology.

Brighton

Gothenburg

God in Christ Reconciling: On the Way to Full Communion in Faith, Sacraments, and Mission (Gothenburg, 2022)

Synthesis

In 2011, the Commission published a synthesis text, Together to Holiness: 40 Years of Methodist and Roman Catholic Dialogue, summarizing the state of consensus and convergence on a range of topics in Christian doctrine, as recorded in its first eight reports.

External links

• Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity, Chronological list of Dialogue Documents

Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism

The Catholic Church's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity (SPCU) initially published an Ecumenical Directory in two stages, the first part in 1967 and the second part in 1970. Subsequently the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity (PCPCU) published a revised version, the Directory for the Application of Principles and Norms on Ecumenism, on 25 March 1993, updated to take account of the Codes of Canon Law issued for the Latin and Eastern Catholic churches, Pope John Paul II's "Catechism of the Catholic Church" (1992), the development of ecumenical activity since the Second Vatican Council and the growth of theological dialogue between the Catholic Church and other churches and ecclesial communities.

The purpose of the Directory is "to give orientations and norms of universal application to guide Catholic participation in ecumenical activity" and to inform non-Catholic participants in ecumenical dialogue and activity about the direction and criteria underlying Catholic Church involvement.

Contents

The Directory begins with a declaration of the commitment of the Catholic Church to ecumenism, and outlines a number of fundamental norms which characterise the Catholic perspective: the Second Vatican Council clearly asked Catholics to reach out in love to all other Christians with a charity that desires and works actively to overcome in truth whatever divides them from one another.

The search for Christian Unity

• Catholics are to act in hope and in prayer to promote Christian unity
• The Church is "the New People of God, uniting within itself, in all the richness of their diversity, men and women from all nations, all cultures, endowed with manifold gifts of nature and grace, ministering to one another and recognizing that they are sent into the world for its salvation"
• A key concept which inspired the ecclesiology of the Council is koinonia or communion, sustained by a "three-fold bond of faith, sacramental life and hierarchical ministry"
• The Apostolic College
• Catholics confess that "the entirety of revealed truth, of sacraments, and of ministry that Christ gave for the building up of his Church and the carrying out of its mission is found within the Catholic communion of the Church".
• "The unity of the Church is realized in the midst of a rich diversity" which, despite some tensions, is a dimension of the catholicity of the church.
• Catholics hold "the firm conviction" that "the one Church of Christ "subsists in the Catholic Church", taking this phrase from Lumen Gentium, the Council's dogmatic constitution on the Church.
• Communion within the Church has been damaged but not destroyed by divisive events throughout its history, initially arising from rifts which occured in the early days of the Church. Often enough, "men of both sides" have been to blame for these events.
• More profound divisions within the Church of the West caused other ecclesial Communities to come into being.
• Other Churches and ecclesial Communities, though not in full communion with the Catholic Church, retain in reality a certain communion with it.
• Christian unity, which of its very nature requires full visible communion of all Christians, is the ultimate goal of the ecumenical movement.
• The words of the Second Extraordinary General Synod of Bishops, summoned in 1985 to celebrate, verify and promote the work of the Second Vatican Council, are embraced: ecumenism has "inscribed itself deeply and indelibly in the consciousness of the Church".
• Those who are baptized in the name of Christ are, by that very fact, called to commit themselves to the search for unity, an observation developed later in paragraphs 92-101.
• Where ecumenical work is not being done, or not being done effectively, Catholics will seek to promote it. Where it is being opposed or hampered by sectarian attitudes and activities that lead to even greater divisions among those who confess the name of Christ, they should be patient and persevering.
• It may be necessary to take special measures to overcome the dangers of indifferentism or proselytism. This may especially be needed in the case of young Churches.
• Catholics need to act together and in agreement with their Bishops.
• Above all [Catholics] should know their own Church and be able to give an account of its teaching, its discipline and its principles of ecumenism.
• Those who identify deeply with Christ must identify with his prayer, and especially with his prayer for unity.

The different levels of ecumenical activity

• Leadership in relation to ecumenism is to be exercised by local Ordinaries, Synods of Eastern Catholic Churches, and Episcopal Conferences. These bodies are introduced in paragraph 23. Sections 26 to 29 refer to the "different levels of ecumenical activity", from parish to diocese, eastern synod and episcopal conference. Synods of Eastern Catholic Churches and Episcopal Conferences in the western church manifest the communion which exists between them, building on the diocese gathered around the Bishop which serves as a particular Church, and as well as each sharing a common cultural and civic tradition, they share a common ecclesial heritage dating from the time before the divisions within the church occurred. Under Canon Law, the "particular churches" are primarily individual dioceses, or in some cases other territorial or apostolic entities, "in which and from which the one and only Catholic Church exists", but the norms recognise that Synods of Eastern Catholic Churches and Episcopal Conferences can deal more representatively with these regional or national factors in ecumenism than may be possible for a particular Church.
• The role and responsibility of the Pontifical Council for Promoting Christian Unity is to provide direction and advice on ecumenical activity [for] the whole Church.
• It belongs to the College of Bishops and to the Apostolic See to judge in the final instance about the manner of responding to the requirements of full communion.
• There is a particular need for the apostolic ministry of Bishops in the area of ecumenical activity.
• Initiatives of the faithful in the ecumenical domain are to be encouraged, but there is need for constant and careful discernment by those who have ultimate responsibility for the doctrine and the discipline of the Church.
• Distinctions may be made between the "ecumenical task" in "a predominantly Catholic country", countries where the majority are Eastern Christians or Anglicans or Protestants, and "countries where the majority is non-Christian". The term "ecumenical task" is used by Willem Visser 't Hooft in his work Our Ecumenical Task in the Light of History (1955), and the Reformed tradition also makes use of the term, e.g. in the Ecumenical Charter of the Christian Reformed Church in North America.
• "The participation in the ecumenical movement by the Catholic Church in countries with a large Catholic majority is crucial if ecumenism is to be a movement that involves the whole Church".
• In contrast, the document observes that a "most noticeable" and "highly complex" development in recent years has been "the growth of sects and new religious movements, whose desire for peaceful relations with the Catholic Church may be weak or non-existent". Dialogue with sects falls outside the scope of "ecumenical" dialogue, which is restricted to work with "Churches and ecclesial Communities with which the Catholic Church has established ecumenical relations.

Section II: the Organization in the Catholic Church of the Service of Christan Unity

• The Second Vatican Council specifically entrusted the ecumenical task "to the Bishops everywhere in the world for their diligent promotion and prudent guidance".
• Canon law applicable to the role of a bishop in relation to the ecumenical task is set out at canon 755 in the Latin Code of Canon Law.
• A Catholic particular Church, or several particular Churches acting closely together, may find themselves in a very favourable position to make contact with other Churches and ecclesial Communities at [a local] level. They may be able to establish with them fruitful ecumenical relations which contribute to the wider ecumenical movement.
• The Code of Canons of the Eastern Churches states that "the Eastern Catholic Churches have a special duty of fostering unity among all Eastern Churches".
• Roles and structures include:
  • The Diocesan Ecumenical Officer, recommended even in areas where Catholics are in the majority
  • The Diocesan ecumenical council, commission or secretariat
  • Each Synod of the Eastern Catholic Churches and each Episcopal Conference ... should establish an episcopal commission for ecumenism, with a permanent secretariat if possible
  • Supernational bodies which work across Episcopal Conferences are also encouraged to set up "some structures for ensuring the ecumenical dimension of their work". See, for example, the Council of the Bishops' Conferences of Europe, whose joint committee working with the Conference of European Churches maintains ecumenical dialogue in Europe.
• Religious orders and congregations and societies of apostolic life, by the very nature of their particular commitments in the Church and the contexts in which they live out these commitments, have significant opportunities of fostering ecumenical thought and action, which should be enacted "in accordance with their particular charisms and constitutions". The various institutes of consecrated life and societies of apostolic life should ("it is very opportune that") establish, at a central level, a delegate or a commission charged with promoting and assisting their ecumenical engagement.
  • Examples?
• National and international organisations of the Catholic faithful should also develop the ecumenical aspects of their activities.
  • Examples?
• The PCPCU - this organisation is a department of the Roman Curia (now the Dicastery for Promoting Christian Unity) with the competence and the task of promoting full communion among all Christians. According to the Apostolic Constitution Pastor Bonus (1988), its roles are to promote "the ecumenical spirit and action within the Catholic Church" and to cultivate "relations with the other Churches and ecclesial Communities". It is charged with:
  • the proper interpretation of the principles of ecumenism, and the means of putting them into effect;
  • implementing the decisions of the Second Vatican Council with regard to ecumenism;
  • encouraging and assisting national or international groups which promote the unity of Christians and helping to coordinate their work.
• The Directory emphasises the need for the PCPCU to be notified of national and regional ecumenical initiatives, "in particular, when these initiatives have international implications".
• Whatever facilitates a growth of harmony and of coherent ecumenical engagement also reinforces communion within the Catholic Church.

Section III: Ecumenical Formation

• Concern for restoring unity pertains to the whole Church, faithful and clergy alike. The English text of the Council's Decree on Ecumenism, Unitatis Redintegratio refers to "faithful and shepherds alike".
• Catholics will find, if they follow faithfully the indications of the Second Vatican Council, the means of contributing to the ecumenical formation, both of individuals and of the whole community to which they belong.
• All the faithful are called upon to make a personal commitment toward promoting increasing communion with other Christians, but those members of the People of God who are engaged in formation, such as heads and staffs of colleges of higher and specialized education. Those who do pastoral work, and especially parish priests and other ordained ministers, also have their role to play. "Formation" is raised as a topic in Unitatis Redintegratio, where the Council fathers notes that the "instruction and spiritual formation of the faithful and of religious depends ... largely on the formation which their priests have received".
• Ecumenical formation requires a pedagogy that is adapted to the concrete situation of the life of persons and groups, and which respects the need for gradualness in an effort of continual renewal and of change in attitudes.
• Knowledge of Scripture and doctrinal formation are necessary from the outset, together with knowledge of the history and of the ecumenical situation in the country where one lives. Knowledge of the history of divisions and of efforts at reconciliation, as well as the doctrinal positions of other Churches and ecclesial Communities, will make it possible to analyse problems in their socio-cultural context.
• It is ... desirable that Christians should write together the history of their divisions and of their efforts in the search for unity.
• The objective of ecumenical formation is that all Christians be animated by the ecumenical spirit.
• Exploring the prayer of Christ for the "grace of unity", may they all be one, the Directory considers that

  This unity is first of all unity with Christ in a single movement of charity extending both towards the Father and towards the neighbour. Secondly, it is a profound and active communion of the individual faithful with the universal Church within the particular Church to which he or she belongs. And thirdly it is the fullness of visible unity which is sought with Christians of other Churches and ecclesial Communities.

• The means of formation are listed as hearing and studying the Word of God, preaching, catechesis, liturgy, and the spiritual life.
• Pope Paul VI's teaching in Evangelii nuntiandi (1975) is recalled:

  We must offer Christ's faithful not the image of a people divided and separated by unedifying quarrels, but the image of people who are mature in faith and capable of finding a meeting-point beyond the real tensions, thanks to a shared, sincere and disinterested search for truth.

  Paul VI had also declared in Evangelii nuntiandi that "the Lord's spiritual testament" in John's Gospel "tells us that unity among His followers is not only the proof that we are His but also the proof that He is sent by the Father".
• In preaching, "any improper use of Scripture must be avoided". In context, any use of Scripture which did not "concern itself with revealing the mystery of the unity of the Church, and as far as possible promoting visibly the unity of Christians" could be seen as improper.
• Commentary needed?
• In catechesis, offered "with charity and with due firmness", doctrinal exposition should respect "the order of the hierarchy of truths", a conciliar term adopted in Unitatis Redintegratio.
• When speaking of other Churches and ecclesial Communities, it is important to present their teaching correctly and honestly.
• Catechesis will also possess the correct ecumenical dimension "if it sets out to prepare children and young people as well as adults to live in contact with other Christians".

National application

A shortened version of the Directory has been published in England and Wales called The Search for Christian Unity, covering the sections "of more immediate concern to clergy and laity at 'grassroots' level".

Further reading

• Sects or New Religious Movements: A Pastoral Challenge (1986)

Spiritual Ecumenism

The Decree on Ecumenism of the Second Vatican Council refers to "change of heart and holiness of life, along with public and private prayer for the unity of Christians" as "spiritual ecumenism”. See Ecumenism, footnote 3

Apostolic College

The Apostolic College or "College of the Twelve" is a term used especially within Roman Catholic ecclesiology to refer to the twelve Apostles of Jesus Christ, when considered as the body of men commissioned by him to spread his gospel message over the whole world and to give it the stability of a well-ordered society: i.e. to be the founders, the foundation, and pillars of the visible Church on earth. By extension, Catholic thinking refers to their successors, the bishops of the church in communion with each other as a collegial body operating in a similar manner.

The concept has been used several times within contemporary Roman Catholic magisterial documents:

• In the Second Vatican Council's Dogmatic Constitution on the Church, Lumen Gentium: "The Lord Jesus, after praying to the Father, calling to Himself those whom He desired, appointed twelve to be with Him, and whom He would send to preach the Kingdom of God; and these apostles He formed after the manner of a college or a stable group, over which He placed Peter chosen from among them".

"Just as in the Gospel, the Lord so disposing, St. Peter and the other apostles constitute one apostolic college, so in a similar way the Roman Pontiff, the successor of Peter, and the bishops, the successors of the apostles, are joined together."

• In the Catechism of the Catholic Church, section 522: "Just as "by the Lord's institution, St. Peter and the rest of the apostles constitute a single apostolic college, so in like fashion the Roman Pontiff, Peter's successor, and the bishops, the successors of the apostles, are related with and united to one another." 399

When Christ instituted the Twelve, "he constituted [them] in the form of a college or permanent assembly, at the head of which he placed Peter, chosen from among them." 398 Just as "by the Lord's institution, St. Peter and the rest of the apostles constitute a single apostolic college, so in like fashion the Roman Pontiff, Peter's successor, and the bishops, the successors of the apostles, are related with and united to one another.",

• Directory

Methodist Worship Book

A Song of the Incarnation

In Hymns & Psalms at no. 827 and in the Methodist Worship Book as an alternative to Glory to God in the Highest for services of worship between Christmas and the Epiphany.

Northampton District

Justice, Dignity and Solidarity

Justice, Dignity and Solidarity (JDS) is a strategy of the Methodist Church of Great Britain, adopted in 2021, to eradicate prejudice and discrimination within the Church and build Methodist communities that are truly open, just and diverse.

Missional Readiness New Places for New People (NPNP) Church at the margins

Openness in religion

The teachings of the Quran are believed by Muslims to be the direct and final revelation and words of God. Islam, like Christianity, is a universal religion (i.e. membership is open to anyone). There is room https://www.methodist.org.uk/there-is-room/there-is-room-for-you-and-me/room-for-all/ https://www.methodist.org.uk/media/27151/there-is-room-christmas-top-ten-ways.pdf

See also

• Positive deviance

Temple Newsam

Menagerie Ponds

Hamath

1 Maccabees 12:25 (check Josephus?) refers to a battle fought near Hamath by Jonathan Apphus and the forces of Demetrius II Nicator, fought in the north and away from Jerusalem to avoid the risk that Demetrius would invade Judea.

Sequence of events

Chapter 3

The compiler or "epitomist" commences his narrative at 2 Maccabees 3:1, after the preliminary letters and his preface. Judah was at that time enjoying a period of "unbroken peace" and observance of the law, which is attibuted to the piety of high priest Onias III (196-175 BCE). Theologian Robert Doran notes the similarity between this comment and the promise of a dynasty to Solomon, the invasion of Samaria at the time of King Hoshea, "because the people had sinned against the LORD their God", and the evil promised to Jerusalem and Judah "because King Manasseh of Judah had committed abominations ... more wicked than all that the Amorites did". In chapter 3, Heliodorus

A disagreement arises regarding the administration of the city markets, instigated by Simon, of the house of Benjamin according to the NRSV, or of the priestly division of Bilgah according to the NABRE. Doran argues in favour of the text being "Bilgah", following the Latin and Armenian translations. There is a ruling in the Temple Scroll (11QT 47:7-18) which states that "only hides from clean animals sacrificed in Jerusalem could be brought into Jerusalem", which was countered by the decree of Antiochus III on the temple, referred to by Josephus, which only forbade the hides of unclean animals, but did not demand that the hides be from animals sacrificed in Jerusalem, and Doran notes this as one potential area in which the conflict may have arisen. Simon was the brother of Menelaus, later high priest, and therefore "one should see here a struggle between important families for control of the city". Simon takes his case to Apollonius of Tarsus (Apollonius, son of Tharseas), governor of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia, telling him of the extensive funds held by the Temple Treasury, and asserting that they did not form part of the "account of the sacrifices", i.e. held on trust, but could potentially be taken by the king. Apollonius relays this information to the king, Seleucus IV Philopator, who appoints Heliodorus to go to Jerusalem to collect this wealth. As a pretence, Heliodorus "at once set out on his journey, ostensibly to make a tour of inspection of the cities of Coelesyria and Phoenicia (where Apollonius was governor), but in fact to carry out the king’s purpose". Once in Jerusalem, Heliodorus is more open with Onias about the purpose of his visit. Onias responds that the funds in the treasury are more limited than Simon had suggested (or 'misrepresented', verse 11), only four hundred talents of silver and two hundred of gold, and that in any case they were held in trust for widows and orphans, subject to God's special protection (Psalm 146:9, Deuteronomy 27:19, and Isaiah 1:23), along with some specific deposits which belonged to Hyrcanus son of Tobias.

Heliodorus disregards Onias' argument and makes arrangements to enter the treasury and inspect its contents (verse 14a). The prospect of him entering the treasury and removing its deposits leads to a "highly emotional" display of "anguish throughout the city" (verse 14b):

Raphael's The Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple in the Vatican Palace

- the priests prostrated themselves before the altar

- people "hurried out of their houses in crowds to make a general supplication because the holy place was about to be brought into dishonor"

- women thronged the streets and even unmarried women, normally hidden out of sight, came out to demonstrate their concern (verses 14-21).

Inside the treasury, Heliodorus and his bodyguard experience "so great a manifestation" of the power of the "Sovereign of spirits and of all authority" that they became "faint with terror" (verse 24): a magnificent caparisoned horse with a fearsome rider, and two "splendidly dressed" young men. The horse strikes at Heliodorus with its forefeet; the two young men "flog him unremittingly". He collapses and is taken away on a stretcher; meanwhile the Jews bless the Lord who has saved his holy temple (verse 30).

The two young men reappear in verses 33-34, advising Heliodorus as he recovers that he should be grateful to Onias, whose prayers for his recovery have been answered, and stating that they should "proclaim to all men the grandeur of God's power". Historian Elias Bickerman suggests that there may have been two accounts of the vision, one with the horseman, and the other with the two young men. Dolan in contrast suggests that the author's intention is to display God's power "through several agents".

Heliodorus offers a sacrifice to the Jewish God and leaves on good terms with Onias. On reaching Seleucus, he declares that there is "certainly some power of God" in Jerusalem. Both the New Revised Standard Version and the Jerusalem Bible describe this outcome as the "conversion of Heliodorus", but Doran disagrees: "his recognition of the power of the God of Israel does not mean that Heliodorus converted, only that he acknowledges the power of the deity who resides there".

The editors of the New American Bible Revised Edition suggest that this "legendary" episode is recounted in order to stress the "inviolability of the Temple". The attack of the horse on Heliodorus is portrayed by the painter Raphael in his Expulsion of Heliodorus from the Temple in the Vatican.

Chapter 4

Chapter 4 picks up the ill-will displayed by Simon towards Onias in the previous chapter. The editor portrays Onias as benefactor, protector and zealot for the laws, and hesitant to escalate issues with Simon. This changes when "one of Simon's approved agents" commits murder (verse 3) and Onias recognises the seriousness of the situation. Coele-Syria and Phoenicia now appears to have a new Seleucid governor, Apollonius, son of Menestheus, although the Lexham Bible Dictionary notes that "some debate exists over whether Apollonius, son of Thraseas, and Apollonius, son of Menestheus, are the same person". As he was taking "an active role in the political in-fighting by supporting Simon against Onias", Onias went directly, over his head, to King Seleucus (verse 5; verse 4 in the Vulgate), an action which the editor treats as necessary in order to preserve the peace.

The Jerusalem Bible refers to Apollonius son of Menestheus as the military commander of Coele-Syria and Phoenicia. The Vulgate does not give a patronymic for Apollonius, but describes him as "Apollonium insanire", translated as "Apollonius ... was outrageous" in the Douai-Rheims version.

The king's response is not recorded. Along with this, "the author omits the details of Seleucus IV's assassination, the installation of his young son (Antiochus), and the usurpation of the throne by Seleucus' brother, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, who returned from Rome where he had been a hostage". The account resumes with Antiochus Epiphanes on the throne and Jason, the brother of Onias, either meeting or writing to him, and purchasing the high priesthood from him for "three hundred sixty talents of silver, and from another source of revenue eighty talents" (verse 8). For a further 150 talents he sought the king's authority to establish a gymnasium and a youth centre with permission to enrol Jerusalemites as citizens of Antioch.

Doran notes that "the annual indemnity imposed by the Romans on the Seleucids at the Treaty of Apamea was 1,000 talents of silver", and so Jason's offer of 590 talents would have been welcomed by the new king.

Chapter 11

Lysias Besieges Beth-zur

Chapter 12

Tensions between the local communities and Jewish settlers remained strong in Joppa and Jamnia (modern Yavne).

Chapter 14

Create disambig for Razis

Conjoined

Disambig needed, conjoined twins, conjoined appeal / case law

Athenobius

Athenobius was a "Friend" and emissary of Antiochus VII Sidetes sent to meet Simon Thassi, the Jewish ethnarch who ruled from 141 BCE to 135 BCE.

Simon had offered military assistance to Antiochus at the time of the sieges of Dor, which Antiochus refused to accept, arguing that Simon had wrongfully taken control of Joppa and Gazara, on the coast and outside Judea's boundaries as they had been defined before the Maccabean Revolt, and wrongfully removed the hellenized settlers from the Citadel in Jerusalem. 1 Maccabees 15:32 reports that Athenobius was "amazed" at the "great magnificence" of Simon's palace in Jerusalem. Simon denied taking any "foreign" land, arguing that the coastal lands were historically part of Judea and also that for defensive reasons they needed to be under the control of the Jews. Athenobius took back a message to the king saying Simon was willing to pay 100 talents for them; Antiochus "was very angry".

Francois Viger

François Viger (Vigerius) De praecipuis Graecae dictionis idiotismis (Paris, 1632)

Problem orientation

Bickers and Holmes

• Pauline Christianity
• Monarchianism
• Dynamic, Adoptionist
• Modalism, Sabellianism, Oneness Pentecostalism
• Patripassianism
• Justin Martyr
• Fellowship Meal
• Apostolic Tradition
• Shepherd of Hermas
• Single penance theory
• Cyprian of Carthage, On the Lapsed
• Felicissimus
• Fabian
• Novatian
• Cornelius
• Diocletian
• Maximian
• Gallerius
• Constantius
• Constantine
• Maxentius
• Milvian Bridge
• Licinius
• Arius
• Alexander
• Council of Nicaea, 325
• Hosius of Cordoba
• Constantius II
• Constantine II
• Constans
• Eusebius of Nicomedia
• Athanasius
• Synod of Rome, 341
• Synod of Antioch, 341
• Council of Sardica, 343
• Magnentius
• Arles, Milan, Sirmium (c. 351)
• George (Alexandria), Eudoxius (Antioch)
• Anomaens, Homoeans, Semi-Arians
• Councils of Seleucia, Rimini, 359
• Julian the Apostate
• Valens
• Valentinian
• Damasus
• Cappadocian Fathers
• Theodosius the Great
• Council of Constantinople
• Council of Rome, 382
• Appolinarius
• Theotokos
• Theodore of Mopsuestia
• Nestorius
• Cyril of Alexandria
• Theodosius II
• Synod of Rome, 430
• Council of Ephesus
• Pope Celestine
• Memnon of Ephesus
• John of Antioch
• Formula of Union, 433
• Eutyches of Constantinople
• Chrysaphius, Monophysitism
• Flavian, Patriarch of Constantinople
• Council of Ephesus, 449
• Dioscorus of Alexandria
• Leo the Great
• "Robber Council"
• Council of Chalcedon, 451
• Emperor Marcian
• Ignatius of Antioch
• Pope Boniface I
• Papal theory
• Augustine
• Ambrose
• University of Carthage
• Thagaste
• Valerius of Hippo
• Pachomius
• Hilarion of Gaza
• Emperor Romulus (476)
• Emperor Zeno (474-491)
• Acacius of Constantinople
• Acacian schism (484-519)
• Henotikon (482)
• Justinian (527-565)
• Justinian Code
• Theodora (wife of Justinian)
• Three chapters controversy
• Second Council of Constantinople, 553
• See of Aquilaea
• Liutprand, King of the Lombards
• Pope Gregory III
• Charles Martel
• Pope Stephen III
• Pepin
• Ponthion
• Carloman I
• Charlemagne
• Einhard

Akrabattene

Akrabattene or Akrabatte'ne is mentioned in 1 Maccabees 5:3 as the site of a battle fought in 163 BC during the Maccabean revolt. The New American Bible, Revised Edition, suggests Akrabattene was either a district southwest of the Dead Sea or on the eastern border of Judea and Samaria. The deutero-canonical text states that this battle occurred because the nations surrounding Judea "were blockading Israel"; Judas Maccabeus, the Jewish leader, "dealt them a heavy blow, humbled and despoiled them".

See also

"Akrabattene" in Encyclopedia of the Bible and Its Reception, edited by Hans-Josef Klauck, Bernard McGinn, Paul Mendes-Flohr, Choon-Leong Seow, Hermann Spieckermann, and Eric Ziolkowski. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2009

Ramallah

Ancient history

The Battle of Elasa, reported in the First Book of Maccabees and in Josephus' Antiquities of the Jews, was fought near modern-day Ramallah in 160 BCE.

Tobit

Chapters in detail

Chapter 1

Tobit opens as an autobiographical narrative: "I am Tobit and this is the story of my life".

Chapter 5

The angel Raphael is engaged to accompany Tobias to Media. Tobias raises some questions about the task he has been set:

• I do not know Gabael and he does not know me: how will we recognise each other or what evidence can I offer to support my request for the money?
• I do not know the way to Media.

Tobit replies that the first question had already been anticipated: "He gave me his bond and I gave him my bond. I divided his in two; we each took one part, and I put one with the money". Some versions state "He divided his in two". Fitzmyer describes a "bond" as "a 'handwritten document', often composed in duplicate, which could be torn in two so that it might guarantee the obligation to repay and later be matched on payment", the term in Greek being χειρόγραφον, cheirographon, meaning hand-written.

In the Contemporary English Version, the end of the chapter, where Anna stopped crying, forms part of Tobit 6:1.

Chapter 6

Tobias, his dog and the angel set off towards Media, breaking their journey to camp by the Tigris River. While Tobias is bathing, a fish leaps out of the river. Raphael instructs Tobias to catch the fish, and to extract its gall bladder, heart and liver, as they have medicinal value.

From Media they continue towards Ecbatana.

Chapter 7

Tobit and Raphael arrive in Ecbatana and go straight to the home of Raguel and his wife Edna, who welcome them into their home and recognise Tobias' resemblance to Tobit. The marriage contract for Tobias and Sarah is agreed, but not before Raguel has warned Tobias about Sarah's previous marital misfortunes.

Chapter 8

Tobas carries out Raphael's instructions, placing the fish's liver and heart on the burning incense to drive the demon away. The demon is expelled to Egypt. The American Bible Society's editors note that "Egypt was thought of as the most remote part of the world and the home of demons and evil spirits".

Chapter 9

In this short, six verse chapter, Tobias asks Raphael to collect his father's money from Gabael's house in the town of Rages, two days' journey according to Tobit 5:6, and to invite Gabael to his wedding feast. Gabael praises God in thanksgiving for the chance to meet Tobias. The Vulgate has a longer narrative here, with 12 verses in this chapter.

Chapter 10

Attention in verses 1 to 7a returns to Tobit and Anna, who are concerned at Tobias' extended absence. Verses 7b to 11 see Tobias, Sarah and Raphael depart from Ecbatana, taking with them half of everything that Raguel owned: male and female slaves, cattle, sheep, donkeys, camels, clothes, money, and furniture, along with the blessings of both Raguel and Edna. Amy-Jill Levine notes the resemblance between Sarah's "substantial dowry" and the retinue with which Abraham left Pharaoh in Genesis 12:16.

Chapter 11

Tobias "continued on his way until they came near to Nineveh". Alternatively,

• NRSV: "They came near to Kaserin, which is opposite Nineveh".
• DRA: "And as they were returning they came to Charan, which is in the midway to Ninive, the eleventh day".

Verse 18

Ahikar and his nephew Nadab were also present to share Tobit’s joy. With merriment they celebrated Tobias’s wedding feast for seven days, and many gifts were given to him.

Other ancient authorities lack parts of this sentence.

According to the Jewish Encyclopedia of 1906,

The earliest mention of AḥiḲar is in the Book of Tobit (i. 21 et seq., ii. 10, xi. 18, "Achiacharus"). According to these passages, AḥiḲar was a relative — the texts vary as to the precise relationship—and friend of Tobit, and at the same time was lord chancellor of the Assyrian empire under Sennacherib. Mention is also made there of a certain Nadab whom AḥiḲar adopted, and who sought to repay the latter's kindness by burying him alive; "but God made good his dishonor in His sight and AḥiḲar returned to the light, but Nadab went into darkness everlasting" (Tobit, xiv. 10, 11, according to the Codex Sinaiticus).

Chapter 12

Raphael reveals himself.

Verse 1

When the wedding celebration was ended, Tobit called his son Tobias and said to him, "My child, see to paying the wages of the man who went with you, and give him a bonus as well".

Prompt payment of wages was anticipated in Tobit 4:14; the payment of a bonus was anticipated in 5:15–16: Go with my son, and [in some ancient authorities, when you return safely] I will add something to your wages.

Verse 2

He replied, "Father, how much shall I pay him? It would do no harm to give him half of the possessions brought back with me".

Fitzmyer suggests an association with "the folkloric motif derived from 'The Grateful Dead', in which a guide is rewarded with half of all the hero acquires".

Verse 7

It is good to guard the secret of a king, but gloriously to reveal the works of God.

This verse is repeated in verse 11 and provides the foundation for Raphael's disclosure of his identity. Proverbs 25:2, It is the glory of God to conceal things, but the glory of kings is to search things out, reflects similar thinking in the Wisdom tradition.

Chapter 13

The hymn (or hymns) of Tobit. Verse 14:1 in the Jerusalem Bible refers to "the hymns of Tobit". The style is comparable to the Song of Moses (the Song of the Sea), in Exodus 15:1–18. There are two parts: verses 1-8 are Tobit's song of praise; verses 9-17 reflect "the exiles' hopes of an ideal Jerusalem".

The Jerusalem Bible notes that there are considerable variations among the textual authorities and some texts missing in places: the text in this version is considered to be "at times conjectural".

Chapter 14

This epilogue recounts Tobit's death at the age of 112, and in due course his wife's death, and Tobias' departure to live with Sarah's family in Ecbatana. The downfall of Nineveh and the Assyrian empire are anticipated. An affinity with the prophet Nahum's words about the fall of Nineveh is noted in verse 4. The Jerusalem Bible notes that some versions refer instead to the prophet Jonah.

Liturgical use

Tobit 7:6-14 and Tobit 8:4-8 are used as liturgical readings for marriages in the Catholic Church.

Catholic church

Catholic teaching notes that a distinction can be made between those people who are members "in a bodily manner" and those "in the heart" of the church, warning that members of the body of the Church who "[do] not persevere in charity" cannot be assured of salvation.

Social considerations

The European Commission announced its intention in March 1998 to issue a clarification on how social considerations could be taken into account in public procurement, which was followed up in October 2001 with an Interpretative Communication ... on the Community law applicable to public procurement and the possibilities for integrating social considerations into public procurement.

Onscreen keyboard

Windows key + ctrl-O

Construction Playbook

The Construction Playbook sets out 14 key policies for how the government bodies should assess, procure and deliver public works projects and programmes. It outlines the UK government’s expectations for how contracting authorities and suppliers, including their supply chains, should engage with each other.

Chelwoods

Waterloo Colliery

Intra-Community Transfers Directive

The Intra-Community Transfers Directive, Directive 2009/43/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 6 May 2009, aims to simplify the terms and conditions of transfers of defence-related products within the European Community. It applies specifically to the defence-related products listed within the Directive's Annex (as updated by the European Commission). "Transfer" in this context means "any transmission or movement of a defence-related product from a supplier to a recipient in another Member State" (Article 3.2). Transposition into member state law was directed to have taken place by 30 June 2012 (Article 18).

Council Directive 91/477/EEC of 18 June 1991 concerns control of the acquisition and possession of weapons.

CostX

CostX software provides an integrated BIM and 2D on-screen measurement solution which integrates cost estimates and the elements on the drawing files that the estimate represents.

Leeds

Documents in the Temple Newsam Collection held by West Yorkshire Archive Service refer to the Manor of Leeds Kirkgate-cum-Holbeck as well as the Manor of Temple Newsam.

Chantry chapels in Leeds in the late medieval period:

• St Mary's on the Bridge, at the northern end of Leeds Bridge
• Lady Chapel, close to the North Bar on what is now Vicar Lane
• Sir William Eures' Chapel
• Thomas Clarell's Chapel, possibly on Kirkgate in the vicinity of the current Leeds Markets. Thomas Clarell was Vicar of Leeds from 1430 to 1469. William Sheafield, traditionally thought of as the founder of Leeds Grammar School in 1552, was a chantry priest there. Clarell and Sheafield were formerly among the houses of Leeds Grammar School.

City of David Ministries, 150 Lupton Avenue, Harehills King of Kings Church Curtis Business Centre, Jordan Healing Church https://www.jordanhealingchurch.org/and 1 other Lupton Avenue Shekinah Glory

Redeem House Ministry, 4C Harehills Road, Harehills LS8 5BP

Contract

Excusal from performance

Seagrain LLC v Glencore Grain BV

This case, heard in the High Court in London in 2013, related to an arbitration process undertaken by GAFTA and the construction and application of the GAFTA Prohibition Clause, which, in various forms, has appeared within several GAFTA standard terms and conditions. The Prohibition Clause concerns the contractual consequences of the act of a sovereign state prohibiting or restricting grain or feed export. Two of the three key "questions of law" on which the hearing was based addressed the terms' provision for excusing non-performance in a contract for the sale of Ukrainian wheat, specifically (1) what factors a seller would have to demonstrate in order to rely on the Prohibition Clause for its non-performance, and (3) were the sellers [actually] excused from performance and was the contract cancelled by virtue of the clause. Terminology within the clause had been revised following earlier legal issues, from "preventing fulfillment" to "restricting export". The revised wording was applicable in the Seagrain case. The court found that the Ukrainian government's requirement that samples of grain to a Kyiv laboratory for testing (where there were processing delays) did not constitute an executive act "restricting export".

Quarry Hill

Ralph Thoresby argued in that there was either a Roman or a Saxon camp on Quarry Hill Baines

Fulfillment of Old Testament scriptures in John's Passion Narrative

13:18 15:25 17:12 18:9 (linked to 17:12) 18:32 19:24, 28, 36, 37

Evangelization of the Samaritans

Compare John 4 and Acts 8

Designing Buildings Wiki

The Designing Buildings Wiki is an "industry-wide, cross-discipline forum for finding and sharing information" about the design and construction of the built environment.

The site's home page claims to have:

• 8.5 million users per year
• 22 million page views per year
• 14,500 registered users
• 12,000 articles.

There are additional wikis within the main site, covering for example "conservation" and "BREEAM". The site is owned by Designing Buildings Ltd., a company established in 2010. It is supported by ICE, CIOB, BSRIA, IHBC, the Chartered Institute of Architectural Technologists (CIAT) and ECA (formerly the Electrical Contractors' Association).

Stub

National Commission on Productivity

The United States National Commission on Productivity was established by President Richard Nixon on 10 July 1970, having initially been proposed by him during a speech on the economy on 17 June that year. Congress formalized the role of the Commission in the Economic Stabilization Act Amendments of 1971 (85 Stat. 744). The functions of the Commission included identification of ways to further the economic productivity of the United States through free enterprise, better worker motivation, and appropriate wage and price policies, and work to secure improved competitiveness on the world market and to foster greater cooperation between labor and management.

Building a Safer Future

Building a Safer Future is the title of the final report issued by Dame Judith Hackitt's review team which looked at Building Regulations and fire safety in the UK in the light of the Grenfell Tower fire. It reported in May 2018 and built on an interim report which had been issued in December 2017.

The report recommended a new regulatory framework intended to address the "weaknesses" in the existing system:

• unclear responsibilities among those responsible for procuring, designing, constructing and maintaining buildings
• ambiguities and inconsistencies within building regulations and guidance
• weak and complex compliance processes
• "patchy" levels of competence
• an "opaque and insufficient" product testing, labelling and marketing regime
• the unheard voices of residents, "even when safety issues are identified".

The report recommended a "new regulatory framework" focused, "in the first instance", on higher risk residential buildings or HRRBs. Higher risk residential buildings are those which rise to 10 storeys or higher, including mixed-use buildings of this height if they are partly residential. According to Land Registry and Ordnance Survey information, there are an estimated 2,000 to 3,000 HRRBs in the UK.

HRRB

Forward to Building a Safer Future

Statutory guidance

For example, statutory guidance in England and Wales directs how safer recruitment must be undertaken within an educational context.

List of significant Employment Tribunal cases in the United Kingdom

Capital Foods Retail v Corrigan (1993) IRLR 430 EAT Camden and Islington Community Services NHS Trust v Kennedy (1996) IRLR 381 Beasley v National Grid Electricity Transmission

Detail

Chapter 10

Verses 1-4 date the final vision to the third year of the first Persian king, Cyrus, after a three-week fast. The Edict of Cyrus was proclaimed in the first year of his reign, ------ mourning and fasting reflect that few responded to the opportunity to return to Judea??

The bank of a river as the site of revelation may be linked to Ezekiel 1:1. The description of the heavenly messenger in verses 5—9 is also influenced by various texts in Ezekiel, especially Ezekiel 1 and Ezekiel 9 (a man clothed in linen), and Acts 9:7, where at the conversion of Paul the Apostle the men who journeyed with him stood speechless, hearing a voice but seeing no one, may in turn be influenced by the reaction of Daniel's companions in verse 7: the men who were with me did not see the vision; but a great terror fell upon them, so that they fled to hide themselves.

Chapter 11

Use Barnes plus existing text

Chapter 12

McCrystall, A. (1980), Studies in the Old Greek Translation of Daniel, DPhil thesis, University of Oxford

Wyns, P., God is Judge: A Commentary on the Book of Daniel

Miraculous or sacred insight:

https://www.christiancourier.com/articles/1222-the-miraculous-insight-of-jesus-christ

Beecroft Moor Plantation

Fewston Assemblage

Ripon Rowel Walk Ripon Rowel Walk

Aislabie Walk Aislabie W

Chevin

Jenny's Cottage

Nick Fawcett

Bill Gaultiere

Concepts

(Supply chain management)

Tan refers to two primary perspectives:

• Transportation and Logistics Perspective
• Purchasing and Supply Perspective.

In greater depth, Bechtel and Mulumudi identify four "schools" or perspectives on supply chain management:

• The "Chain Awareness School", or "Functional Chain Awareness School", which "recognises that a chain of functional areas exists across an organisation".
• Linkage / Logistics School
• Information School, which treats the information flow, e.g. processes of sharing forecasts or placing purchase orders, as a chain's central factor critical to success
• Integration School.

Capital on Tap

A credit card

Scottish Parliamentary Corporate Body - Responsible Purchasing

Goods Package

The Goods Package refers to a set of proposals from the European Commission intended to "comprehensively address [certain] weaknesses for a better functioning single market for goods". The packages combines two proposals.

• To strengthen compliance and enforcement of EU product rules
• To revamp the single market

Fairbairn House

71-75 Clarendon Road, Woodhouse, Leeds

Former home of Peter Fairbairn, engineer owner of the Wellington Foundry, who was mayor when Queen Victoria visited Leeds to open the new Town Hall in 1858. During this time she stayed at this house. Sir Peter's son, Sir Andrew, auctioned off the grounds as building plots in 1865 and lived at the house until 1870. A member of the well-known Gott family lived there for a short time before the building became a vicarage, later a nursing home, then the Leeds Clergy School. The chapel is now a lecture theatre.

Nether Green Chapel

marked on a 1949 National Grid map as a Congregational Church. The Church of the Holy Name was located at the junction of Servia Road and Cambridge Road. Demolished some time after 1967, it was designed by Chorley and Cannon, built in 1881 at a cost of £4000. There was seating for 450, with a schoolroom for 700 children. It fell into disuse as a church and became a furniture store for the Council's Education Department. The area is now open space.

Baptist Chapel, Duxbury Street.

The Nether Green area was located off Woodhouse Street.

Calverley Old Hall - chapel. The chapel was added in the late 1400s, later converted for residential use. The site is now used as holiday accommodation operated by the Landmark Trust. As of February 2021 the trust plans to restore the chapel and other parts of the building.

Fish Gate, Jerusalem

The Fish Gate in Jerusalem is mentioned in Nehemiah 3:3 and featured in the Holyland Model of Jerusalem, designed by Michael Avi-Yonah based on the writings of Flavius Josephus and other historical sources. It was probably located towards the north-western corner of the city walls, and is likely to have received its name "from the particular commodity that was traded at the gate".

Nehemiah 10

Verses 2-6

Seraiah, Azariah, Jeremiah, Pashhur, Amariah, Malchijah, Hattush, Shebaniah, Malluch, Harim, Meremoth, Obadiah, Daniel, Ginnethon, Baruch, Meshullam, Abijah, Mijamin, Maaziah, Bilgai, and Shemaiah

Wisdom in hymns and religious songs

The "wisdom psalms" may be thought of Psalms 1, 14, 25, 34, 37, 39, 49, 73, 78, 90, 91, 111, 112, 127, 128, 131, 133 and 139. They are called "wisdom psalms" because "they make a case for the primary importance of wisdom or instruct readers in dealing with [the] questions, issues, and doubts that arise in life".

Wisdom as a source of knowledge.

• O Sapientia, the beginning of the first stanza of the “O Antiphons” (the Latin poetry upon which the hymn “O come, O come Emmanuel” is based - https://www.umcdiscipleship.org/resources/history-of-hymns-wellspring-of-wisdom.

O Wisdom, coming forth from the mouth of the Most High,
reaching from one end to the other,
mightily and sweetly ordering all things:
Come and teach us the way of prudence.

• O loving wisdom of our God", referred to in John Henry Newman's hymn Praise to the Holiest in the Height, first appearing in The Dream of Gerontius (see Last Adam)
• "Wellspring of Wisdom" (1989), by Miriam Therese Winter

Integrated Project Insurance model

Integrated Project Insurance is an insurance product, considered innovative by its promoters, which collectively insures the client and all the other partners involved in the design and execution of a construction project including consultants, specialists, manufacturers, construction managers and their supply chains. It is one of three new models of procurement promoted in the UK Government's Construction Strategies of 2011 and 2016 – 2020. In particular, it replaces liability-driven professional indemnity insurance (which requires proof of fault before responding) with financial loss cover where the outturn cost above the target cost plus pain-share is insured.

The model has been developed by Integrated Project Initiatives Ltd. in conjunction with insurance brokers Griffiths & Armour. Several trial projects have been initiated across the UK. Monitoring of these projects is being undertaken by a cross-industry consortium, Rethinking the build process - delivering more for less under the IPI model, funded by the Technology Strategy Board.

Rudi Klein, Chief Executive of the Specialist Engineering Contractors Group (SEC) wrote to the UK Government in June 2020 recommending the model as a key action to help generate cost certainty and enable the construction industry to recover from the lockdown and staff furloughing incurred by the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020.

An independent review of procurement in construction carried out for the Scottish Government by Robin Crawford and Ken Lewandowski in 2013 recommended that the Scottish Government should monitor UK developments, but noted that trials [in England and Wales] "are of interest, although they are not yet at a sufficiently advanced stage for us to have formed a view on their effectiveness".

Further information

• The Integrated Project Insurance (IPI) Model: Frequently Asked Questions
• Trial project: Development of "Advance II", a new Centre for Advanced Building Technologies at Dudley College in the West Midlands.

Category:Construction

Lidgett Hill - Church House

Midpoint goal

https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWHC/TCC/2018/1985.html SRCL Ltd v The National Health Service Commissioning Board (NHS) [2018] EWHC 1985 (TCC) (27 July 2018), Fraser J

Fairtrade

https://www.fairtrade.net/standard/fairtrade-standards#scope Countries removed from scope in 2015: Mayotte, Barbados, Montserrat, Anguilla, Turks and Caicos, Saint Helena and Saudi Arabia. 14 Fairtrade pricing regions:

Government Procurement

The American Samoa Power Authority (ASPA), also a public authority providing electricity, water, wastewater and solid waste services https://www.aspower.com/aspa-about.html

United States

The Small Business Act 15 USC s. 637(b)(6) gives the Small Business Administration authority to determine small business size status protests for federal procurements.

Competitive Range

Abnormally Low Tenders

Article 30(4) of Directive 93/37, article 55 of Directive 2004/18/EC and article xxx of Directive 2014 state that "abnormally low tenders" may not be automatically excluded from consideration. There is no obligation to exclude low tenders, the only stipulation is that exclusion may not be an automatic process or a statutory requirement in national law. "The reason for which tenders which appear to be abnormally low ... are not automatically excluded is ... that contracts should be awarded on the basis of objective criteria ... which guarantee that [they] are assessed in conditions of effective competition". The fundamental rules of the EC Treaty on freedom of establishment and freedom to provide services and the general principle of non-discrimination preclude national legislation which ... imposes an absolute duty on the contracting authorities, where the number of valid tenders is greater than five, automatically to exclude tenders considered to be abnormally low in relation to the goods, works or services according to a mathematical criterion laid down by that legislation without allowing those contracting authorities any possibility of verifying the constituent elements of those tenders by requesting the tenderers concerned to provide details of those elements.

IFMC

Integrated Financial Model for Colleges - ESFA

Ecological Clerk of Works

An Ecological Clerk of Works (ECoW) is. See also Association of Environmental and Ecological Clerks of Works, which was founded in 2014. The presence of an ECoW is often a requirement of planning conditions, or a European Protected Species (EPS) licence, whereby the ECoW provides the mechanism to discharge conditions.

PSA Schedule of Rates National Schedule of Rates: https://www.nsrm.co.uk/about Accounting Code of Practice for Direct Labour Organisations

RICS Conflict Avoidance Pledge: https://www.rics.org/uk/products/dispute-resolution-service/conflict-avoidance-pledge/, led by the Conflict Avoidance Coalition Steering Group.

Waste Collection Commitment

Local authority commitment "to providing waste and recycling services which are good value for money and which meet the needs of our residents". Local authorities agree to

• Explain clearly what services you can expect to receive;
• Provide regular collections;
• Provide a reliable collection service;
• Consider any special requests that individual households may have;
• Design our services and carry out our collections in a way that doesn't produce litter;
• Collect as many materials for recycling as we can and explain to you what happens to them;
• Explain clearly what our service rules are and the reasons for them;
• Tell you in good time if we have to make changes to your services, even temporarily;
• Respond to complaints we receive about our services; and
• Tell all our residents about this commitment to collecting waste

Financial Markets Test Case Scheme

Otto Zöckler disagreed: https://www.ministrymagazine.org/archive/1978/04/new-light-on-nebuchadnezzars-madness: in his commentary on the book of Daniel published in J. P. Lange's Bible Commentary, he defended the authenticity, historicity, and sixth-century origin of Daniel.

Basan

See Basan. An alternative name for Bashan reflecting the Latin name, see Catholic Encyclopedia, Cities of Refuge

Elohistic Psalter

Psalms 42-83 are known in some writings as the "Elohistic Psalter". These psalms show a strong preference for the use of the divine name Elohim in contrast to the rest of the Psalter, which favors YHWH.

An association of the Elohistic Psalter with the E source of the Torah, which similarly uses the divine name Elohim, is unlikely. Different groups at different times may have preferred the name Elohim over YHWH for various reasons. On the possibility that a “priestly ideal of protecting the Name [YHWH] found a limited expression during the Persian period in the redaction of E[lohistic] P[salter]”, see Jonathan Ben-Dov, “The Elohistic Psalter and the Writing of Divine Names at Qumran”, in A. Roitman, L. Schiffman, and S. Tzoref (eds.), The Dead Sea Scrolls and Contemporary Culture: Proceedings of the Israel Museum Conference (STDJ 93; Leiden: Brill, 2011), pp. 79-104 (quotation on p. 104).

The five books of the Psalms

The Book of Psalms is divided into five sections, each closing with a doxology (i.e., a benediction, e.g. Blessed by the LORD for ever. Amen and Amen. The whole of Psalm 150 can be seen as a "protracted final doxology".

These divisions were probably introduced by the final editors to imitate the five-fold division of the Torah:

• Book 1 (Psalms 1–41)
• Book 2 (Psalms 42–72)
• Book 3 (Psalms 73–89)
• Book 4 (Psalms 90–106)
• Book 5 (Psalms 107–150)

Book 2 of the Psalms

Psalms 42-72, which Alexander Maclaren calls the "Songs of the Outlaw" 42-49 Korahite 50 Asaph 51-65 and 68-70 Davidic 66-67, 71 Anonymous 72 For Solomon

Additional texts for Psalms articles

This psalm comes within Book .. of the Psalms Text: In the King James Version there are .. verses. In the Hebrew text (see below) there are .. verses.

In the Hebrew Bible, it comes within the second of the five books (divisions) of Psalms, also known as the "Elohistic Psalter" because the word YHWH is rarely used and God is generally referred to as "Elohim".

Obed

Oded - prophet and moral thinker

Matthew of Narni

One of two vicars or vicars general appointed by Francis of Assisi to oversee the Franciscan fraternity while he was away in the Holy Land.

Luke

traditionally attributed to Luke the Evangelist, a companion of Paul the Apostle on his missionary journeys.

Relevance of "the plain"

Luke's version of Jesus' teaching is called the "sermon on the plain" in contrast to Matthew's clearly located "Sermon on the Mount". Nicoll refers to the Lucan sermon as another Sermon on the Mount. American biblical commentator Albert Barnes argues that Jesus stood "in the plain" in Luke 6:17, but "it is not affirmed, however, that he stood in the plain when he delivered the ... discourse".

Bretschneider - Ἐπιστάτα (Master) - https://biblehub.com/greek/1988.htm

Mercy and compassion in Luke 10. Both words are used.

In Luke 1.78 both compassion and mercy are used together, dia splanchna eleous theou, “through God’s compassionate mercy,” to characterize God’s act of salvation.

Proto-Luke

An early version of Luke's Gospel; a "scientific hypothesis which, up to a point, is capable of verification". "The hypothesis of a Proto-Luke was suggested in the first instance by the observation that in the Third Gospel, Marcan and non-Marcan materials are distributed, as it were, in alternate stripes, and that both the beginning and the end of the Gospel belong, not to the Marcan, but to the non-Marcan strain."

Luke 9

The journey to Jerusalem: Luke occasionally makes reference to this journey so as to indicate some progress towards Jesus' final destination:

• 10:38, at an unnamed village where Martha and Mary lived, which could not have been Bethany
• 13:22, making his way to Jerusalem
• 13:31, certain of the Pharisees urge Jesus to "leave this place and go somewhere else: Herod wants to kill you." Jesus avers that Jerusalem remains his destination.
• 17:11, on the way to Jerusalem, but still on the borders of Galilee and Samaria
• 18:31, confirming Jerusalem as Jesus' intended destination
• 18:35, drawing near to Jericho
• 19:1, entering Jericho
• 19:11, towards Jerusalem
• 19:28, Bethphage, Bethany
• 19:41, in sight of the city (i.e. Jerusalem)

As far as Luke 18:30, the setting remains around the borders of Galilee and Samaria: it is not until Luke 18:31 that the further journey southwards is initiated. Luke 18:35 does not indicate from which direction Jericho is approached, and in Luke, unlike in Matthew and Mark, there is no specific reference to a period being spent in Perea east of the Jordan River.

Heli

Lightfoot records Heli, or Eli, ["for the name seemeth to be the same with his in 1 Sam. i. 3, 8cc."]

C. J. Ball

Charles James Ball (1851-1924) was classical and Hebrew master at Merchant Taylors School, chaplain of Lincoln's Inn, some time reader of Assyriology in the University of Oxford, and later rector of St. Giles Church in Bletchington, a village 8 miles (13 km) north of Oxford.

Writings

As a biblical commentator, he wrote "The Prophecies of Jeremiah with a Sketch of his Life and Times" (1890) for the Expositor's Bible series, and for the Speaker's Commentary, and contributed the volumes on 2 Kings and 1 and 2 Chronicles in Charles Ellicott's commentary series. Ball was also considered a "recognised authorit[y] in Assyriology", with published notes on the Nin-Mag' Inscription and Inscriptions of Nebuchadrezzar the Great.

Ball notes, and considers plausible, the possibility that the prophet Jeremiah wrote the Book of Job "as some suppose", and suggests that Psalm 71, "which seems to be from his pen, and which wants the usual heading 'A Psalm of David'", could also have been written by Jeremiah.

UK-Anglican-clergy-stub}}

Category:British Assyriologists]] Category:Church of England priests]] Category:People associated with the University of Oxford]]

Expositor's Bible

Locations

In the UK there are Institutes of Religion in Leeds and Manchester.

Mark 5:37

And He permitted no one to follow Him except Peter, James, and John the brother of James, anticipating the transfiguration.

Templemore, County Londonderry

Templemore is a civil parish in County Derry, Northern Ireland, located to the west of the City of Derry. Civil parishes have not been formally abolished but now have limited administrative functions. The civil parish contained the townlands of Ballougry, Ballyarnet, Ballymagowan, Ballymagrorty / White House, Ballynagalliagh, Ballynagard, Ballynashallog, Cloughglass, Coshquin, Creevagh Lower, Creevagh Upper, Creggan, Culmore, Culmore Level (Intake), Edenballymore, Elagh More, Killea, Mullennan, Pennyburn, Shantallow, Sherriffs Mountain, Spring Hill, Spring Town and Termonbacca.

Creevagh House, the seat of the Babington family in Derry, was built in 1780.

The hymnwriter and poet John Samuel Bewley Monsell was curate of Templemore from 1834 to 1836.

There is a Carmelite Retreat Centre at Termonbacca, based at the former St. Joseph's children's home. The children's home, at Southway, adjacent to Derry's Creggan Estate, was one of a number of children's care homes in Ireland where abuse of children by the staff responsible for them were the subject of the Historical Institutional Abuse Inquiry (HIA).

Londonderry-geo-stub Category:Civil parishes of County Londonderry

Teachers' Standards

Teachers' Standards in England

National Institute of Governmental Purchasing

The National Institute of Governmental Purchasing (NIGP) is based in Herndon, Virginia. It describes its aim as

Developing, supporting and promoting the public procurement profession.

At a reverse trade show, governmental agencies host booths for suppliers to visit and to meet with buyers; the suppliers do not have booths.

Book of Common Prayer

In the Church of England's Book of Common Prayer, this psalm is appointed to be read on the morning of the first day of the month.

In the slightly different numbering system used in the Greek Septuagint and Latin Vulgate translations of the Bible, this psalm is Psalm xx.

Biblical commentator Cyril Rodd describes it as .

The Jerusalem Bible describes it as "...".

Psalm xx in the Revised Grail Psalter.

In the Psalter of the Book of Common Prayer, the psalms to be read in the morning and the evening of each day of the month are as follows:

Day of month	Morning Psalms	Evening Psalms
1	1-5	6-10
2	9-11	12-14
3	15-17	18
4	19-21	22-23
5	24-26	27-29
6	30-31	32-34
7	35-36	37
8	38-40	41-43
9	44-46	47-49
10	50-52	53-55
11	56-58	59-61
12	62-64	65-67
13	68	69-70
14	71-72	73-74
15	75-77	78
16	79-81	82-85

Day of month	Morning Psalms	Evening Psalms
17	86-88	89
18	90-92	93-94
19	95-97	98-101
20	102-103	104
21	105	106
22	107	108-109
23	110-113	114-115
24	116-118	119 verses 1-32
25	119 verses 33-72	119 verses 73-104
26	119 verses 105-144	119 verses 145-176
27	120-125	126-131
28	132-135	136-138
29	139-141	142-143
30	144-146	147-150
31	As 30th	As 30th

Versions of the Bible which combine psalms 9 and 10: Jerusalem Bible

Psalm 119

א ALEPH

ב BETH ג GIMEL

Trinitarian formula

Lumen Gentium, the dogmatic constitution on the church issued by the Catholic church's Second Vatican Council in 1964, speaks of the Church as "a people made one with (de) the unity of the Father, the Son and the Holy Spirit" (Latin: de unitate Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti plebs adunata),

Unitatis Redintegratio, the Decree on Ecumenism also issued in 1964, uses the phrase Trinitate Personarum unitas unius Dei Patris et Filii in Spiritu Sancto. Speaking of the "sacred mystery of the unity of the Church, in Christ and through Christ, the Holy Spirit energizing its various functions", the decree teaches that this mystery "finds its highest exemplar and source in the unity of the Persons of the Trinity: the Father and the Son in the Holy Spirit, one God":

This is the sacred mystery of the unity of the Church, in Christ and through Christ, the Holy Spirit energizing its various functions. It is a mystery that finds its highest exemplar and source in the unity of the Persons of the Trinity: the Father and the Son in the Holy Spirit, one God. (Latin: Hoc est unitatis Ecclesiae sacrum mysterium, in Christo et per Christum, Spiritu Sancto munerum varietatem operante. Huius mysterii supremum exemplar et principium est in Trinitate Personarum unitas unius Dei Patris et Filii in Spiritu Sancto.)

Religious life

Contemporary

"...the Biblical and liturgical movements, the preaching of the word of God and catechetics, the apostolate of the laity, new forms of religious life and the spirituality of married life, and the Church's social teaching and activity - all these should be considered as pledges and signs of the future progress of ecumenism."

Catholic Conference on Ecumenical Questions

In 1951, ecumenical pioneer Johannes Willebrands helped organise the Catholic Conference on Ecumenical Questions, which was in contact with the World Council of Churches. The conference, which met in 1952, consisted of twenty-four Catholic theologians meeting under the chairmanship of Bishop Charrière of Lausanne, Geneva and Fribourg. Jesuit professor Karl Rahner and Dominican theologian Yves Congar were prominent in this organisation.

Table

1 Chronicles 10 = 1 Samuel 31:1-13 1 Chronicles 11 =

Ephron (Bible)

Ephron refers to a mountain range which formed one of the landmarks on the north boundary of the tribe of Judah according to Joshua 15:9, probably the range on the west side of the Wady Beit-Hanina. In 2 Chronicles 13:19, Abijah, king of Judah, regains Ephron (or Ephrain) from the northern kingdom of Israel.

 This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Easton, Matthew George (1897). "Ephron". Easton's Bible Dictionary (New and revised ed.). T. Nelson and Sons.

Rehoboam's 15 fortified cities

2 Chronicles 11:5-10: 5 Rehoboam resided in Jerusalem, and he built cities for defense in Judah. 6 He built up Bethlehem, Etam, Tekoa, 7 Beth-zur, Soco, Adullam, 8 Gath, Mareshah, Ziph, 9 Adoraim, Lachish, Azekah, 10 Zorah, Aijalon, and Hebron, fortified cities that are in Judah and in Benjamin.

Gill suggests they may have been demolished by Shishak, king of Egypt (https://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_chronicles/14-6.htm) and rebuilt by Asa (Pulpit Commentary: https://biblehub.com/commentaries/2_chronicles/14-6.htm).

Luke 9:58

For in thy heart foxes have holes, thou art full of guile; in thy heart birds of the air have nests; thou art lifted up. Full of guile and self-elation as thou art, thou shalt not follow Me https://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf106.vii.lii.html

Business Requirements Definition

GMROII, also GMROI,

It is good practice to include wording in contracts which enable operational variations to be accommodated without the contract itself requiring a variation, for example the contract manager may be named as a specific individual "or such person as may subsequently be identified in writing". In the UK, NHS contracts automatically allow "national variations" in standard terms and conditions to be incorporated into specific health service delivery contracts.

Heritage Statement

Under UK planning law, a heritage statement is a written statement accompanying a planning application or a listed building consent application which outlines the heritage significance of the building or other asset affected by the application, the potential impact of the planning proposal on the asset and the means by which the undesirable impacts on the asset will be mitigated.

Heritage Statements became compulsory in March 2010 when Planning Policy Statement (PPS) 5, Planning for the Historic Environment was published. This requirement was repeated within paragraph 128 of the National Planning Policy Framework (NPPF), published in March 2012. PPS5 was cancelled on 25 March 2015 and replaced with Historic Environment good practice advice.

Category:Town and country planning in the United Kingdom

SEND Code of Practice

In the UK, the Department for Education and Department for Health and Social Care published the SEND Code of Practice in June 2014.

Z-Clause

A Z-clause is a variation to a standard contract, such as the NEC and JCT standard forms of contract used in the fields of construction and professional consulting.

Truth in Negotiation Act

The Truth in Negotiation Act 1962 (TINA) is a US federal law which requires that contractors submitting bids should supply certified cost or pricing data before an agreement on price for most negotiated procurements worth more than $750,000. Initially, TINA only applied to the Department of Defense, the Coast Guard, and NASA.

Exceptions: 15.403-1(b) or under a waiver requested by the contracting officer in exceptional circumstances. Certificate of Current Cost or Pricing Data may also apply to sub-contracts of any tier

Swedish derogation

In UK human relations law, the Agency Workers Regulations 2010 provide for a Swedish derogation, according to which

Sepph

Redirect to Safed. See The Missing Fortress of Flavius Josephus.

ISO 26000

Post-publication developments

The ISO/TMB (Technical Management Board) Working Group on Social Responsibility was disbanded on 14 September 2010 but at its meeting on 13-14 September 2010 the Working Group decided that SIS and ABNT were to decide on a post publication organization. ISO/TMB has also encouraged ISO member bodies to maintain committees of experts at the national level based on the recommended multi-stakeholder composition and balance, for post-publication activities relating to ISO 26000. ABNT and SIS established a post-publication organization (PPO) to assess and advise ISO/TMB on any proposals to revise ISO 26000. The PPO consists of the following:

• PPO Secretariat (joint SSI and ABNT)
• PPO Stakeholder Advisory Group (PPO SAG)
• PPO National Standards Body Information Network (PPO NIN).

PPO SAG published an ISO 26000 Communication protocol to identify and promote appropriate language to use where an organisation has made use of the guidance standard in developing its approach to sustainable procurement, and wording to avoid as inappropriate where it might suggest that ISO 26000 is an attainment standard or that the organisation concerned had "met" or "been verified" against such a standard.

Source Selection Authority

In United States' government procurement, a Source Selection Authority (SSA) is an official designated to make the source selection decision for a high value procurement of goods, works or services. The contracting officer is designated as the source selection authority, unless the agency head appoints another individual for a particular acquisition or group of acquisitions, although for defense acquisitions with a total estimated value greater than or equal to $100 million, including options and/or planned orders, the relevant federal agency head is required to appoint, in writing, an individual other than the Procuring Contracting Officer as the Source Selection Authority. The appointed SSA must then establish a Source Selection Advisory Council (SSAC), whose role is to provide "access to functional area expertise to provide the support the SSA requires throughout the source selection process".

Federal Acquisition Regulation 15.308 states that the SSA's decision "shall be based on a comparative assessment of proposals against all source selection criteria in the solicitation. While the SSA may use reports and analyses prepared by others, the source selection decision shall represent the SSA’s independent judgment. The source selection decision shall be documented, and the documentation shall include the rationale for any business judgments and tradeoffs made or relied on by the SSA, including benefits associated with additional costs. Although the rationale for the selection decision must be documented, that documentation need not quantify the tradeoffs that led to the decision."

In United States' government procurement, each offeror had the burden of submitting an adequately-written proposal, and it runs the risk that its proposal will be evaluated unfavourably if it fails to do so.

Ezrahite

Two biblical psalmists, Ethan and Heman, are referred to as Ezrahites. In the Jerusalem Bible the term is translated as "the native-born".

Izharites

The Izharites were one of several Levitical families in biblical Israel who were charged with care of the temple treasury and of property which had been dedicated to the temple. In addition, Chenaniah, an Izharite, and his sons "performed duties as officials and judges over Israel outside Jerusalem", and Shamhuth was the fifth captain for the fifth month in the Army Divisions.

It has occasionally been presumed that 1 Chronicles 26:20–32, which lists these responsibilities, was once an independent document containing levitical ranks and their officers which was later added to 1 Chronicles.

Meunites

The Meunites are an ancient near eastern tribe mentioned twice in the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible, at 1 Chronicles 4:41 and 2 Chronicles 26:7. They lived on the border of the kingdom of Judah. In the Greek Septuagint translation they are referred to as τοὺς Μιναίους (tous minaious).

The American biblical scholar James A. Montgomery has identified the Meunites with the Minaeans, but the Jewish Virtual Library argues that there is "no basis" for this.

Hadad

Hadad is Adad in the Septuagint.

Rabbah

[Add] The defeat of Rabbah in a spring battle led by Joab, commander of the army of Israelite King David, is recounted in the biblical narrative at 2 Samuel 11:1 and 1 Chronicles 20:1. According to the account in 2 Samuel it was the lower town or 'city of waters' which was captured. Joab then reported to David the capture of the lower city, and invited him to come and complete the conquest (presumably by capturing the citadel) in person.

Chariot city

1 Kings 10:26–27 and 2 Chronicles 1:14 speak of Solomon's “chariot cities”. 1 Kings 9:15-17 states that Solomon fortified the cities of Megiddo, Hazor and Gezer, mentioning them alongside the “chariot cities”. Jerusalem is not described as a chariot city; nevertheless for ease of access Solomon also maintained some of his chariots and horses "with him in Jerusalem".

National Fire Chiefs Council

The National Fire Chiefs Council in the UK

Procurement Platform

Sub-part 3.10 relates to government's ethical expectations of contractors and sub-contractors, stating that contractors "must conduct themselves with the highest degree of integrity and honesty" and "should have a written code of business ethics and conduct".

Utilities Contracts Regulation in the United Kingdom

The first EU Utilities Directive was Directive 90/531/EEC, which was implemented in the UK as the Utilities Supply and Works Contracts Regulations 1992, SI 1992/3279.

Regulation 32 effected amendments to the Public Works Contracts Regulations 1991 and the Public Supply Contracts Regulations 1991 to ensure that relevant procurement undertaken by public contracting authorities was only covered by one set of regulations.

This was updated as the Utilities Contracts Regulations 2006.

New EU Directives on public procurement, utilities procurement and concessions were adopted by the European Council on 24 February 2014. The Member States were allowed until 18 April 2016 to transpose the new rules into their national laws. In England, Wales and Northern Ireland, the 2014 Utilities Directive was transposed as the Utilities Contracts Regulations 2016.

Remedies

Additional criterion: this concept was developed by the ECJ, e.g. in the Beentjes case and Case C-255/98, Commission v France, 26 September 2000.

Clement (New Testament)

Clement (Bible) - change to redirect to Clement (New Testament), who may have been the Clement mentioned in Philippians 4:3.

References

Note: in these references, "NA28" refers to the 28th edition (2102) of Eberhard Nestle and Kurt Aland's Novum Testamentum Graece, and "USB3" refers to the third edition (1975) of the United Bible Societies' Greek New Testament.

Qualification system (Utilities)

A qualifications system is a supplier selection system used by utility companies operating in accordance with European Union procurement legislation.

Under section 77 of the Utilities Contracts Directive 2014, a utility may operate a qualification system or adopt another utility's qualification system. The directive was implemented in England, Wales and Northern Ireland by the Utilities Contracts Regulations 2016. At all times, economic operators wishing to do business with the utility must be able to request qualification, and their application must be evaluated based on objective rules. Applications must be evaluated and the applicant informed within 6 months of the receipt of the application.

When a call for competition is made by means of a notice referring to the existence of a qualification system, specific contracts for the works, supplies or services covered by the qualification system must be awarded by a restricted or negotiated procedure or by a competitive dialogue or innovation partnership, in which all tenderers and participants are selected among the candidates already qualified in accordance with the system. The utility may charge economic operators to apply for or to retain qualification, but any charges which are billed must "be proportionate to the generated costs".

The Water Industry (Specified Infrastructure Projects) (English Undertakers) Regulations 2013, SI 1582/2013, enable the creation of Infrastructure Providers (IPs) regulated by the Water Services Regulation Authority (Ofwat) to finance and deliver large or complex high-risk water or sewerage infrastructure projects and provide for the procuring, licensing and regulating of an IP which is separate from a water or sewerage company.

Miles and Snow typology

Business strategies can be categorized in many ways. One popular approach uses the typology put forward by Raymond E. Miles and Charles C. Snow, known as the "Miles and Snow Typology". Miles and Snow looked at how many companies develop similar solutions and suggested that four general strategic types of organization could be identified: prospector, defender, analyzer, and reactor organizations. Heil argues that this typology "has contributed to our understanding or organizational behaviour in a variety of settings".

Prospector strategy

This is the most aggressive of the four strategies. It typically involves active programs to expand into new markets and stimulate new opportunities. New product development is vigorously pursued and offensive marketing warfare strategies are a common way of obtaining additional market share. They respond quickly to any signs of market opportunity, and do so with little research or analysis.

A large proportion of their revenue comes from new products or new markets. They are often highly leveraged, sometimes with a substantial equity position held by venture capitalists. The risk of product failure or market rejection is high. Their market domain is constantly in flux as new opportunities arise and past product offerings atrophy.

They value being the first in an industry, thinking that their “first mover advantage” will provide them with premium pricing opportunities and high margins. Price skimming is a common way of recapturing the cost of development. They can be opportunistic in headhunting key employees, both technical and managerial. Advertising, sales promotions, and personal selling costs are a high percentage of sales.

Typically the firm will be structured with each strategic business unit having considerable autonomy. The industry that they operate in tends to be in the introduction or growth stage of its life cycle, with few competitors and evolving technology

Defender strategy

This strategy entails a decision not to aggressively pursue markets. As a result, they tend to do none of the things prospectors do. A defender strategy entails finding, and maintaining a secure and relatively stable market. Rather than being on the cutting edge of technological innovation, product development, and market dynamics; a defender tries to insulate themselves from changes wherever possible.

In their attempt to secure this stable market they either keep prices low, keep advertising and other promotional costs low, engage in vertical integration, offer a limited range of products, or offer better quality products or customer service. They tend to be slower in making decisions and will only commit to a change after extensive research and analysis.

Their goals tend to be efficiency oriented rather than effectiveness oriented. The industry tends to be mature, with well defined technology, products, and market segments. Most sales tend to be repeat or replacement purchases. Individual strategic business units typically have moderate to low levels of autonomy.

Analyzer

The analyzer fits between the defender and prospector. They take less risk and make less mistakes than a prospector, but are less committed to stability than defenders. Most firms are analyzers. They are seldom a first mover in an industry, but are often second or third place entrants.

They tend to expand into areas close to their existing core competency. Rather than develop wholly new products, they make incremental improvements in existing products. Rather than expanding into new markets, they gradually expand existing markets. They try to maintain a balanced portfolio of products with some stable income generators and some potential winners. They watch the developments in their industry closely, but do not act until they are sure that the time is right.

Reactor

A reactor has no proactive strategy, often reacting to events as they occur. They respond only when they are forced to by macro environmental pressures. This is the least effective of the four strategies. It is without direction or focus.

Miles and Snow identified three reasons why organizations become reactors:

• Top Management may not have clearly articulated the organization's strategy.
• Management does not fully shape the organization's structure and processes to fit a chosen strategy.
• Tendency for Management to maintain the organization's current strategy-structure relationship despite overwhelming changes in environmental conditions.

See also

• Marketing strategies
• Marketing warfare strategies
• Strategic planning
• Strategic management
• Porter generic strategies

Further reading

• Walker, O. and Ruekert, R. (1987) Marketing's role in the implementation of business strategies, Journal of Marketing, July 1987, pg 31.
• Boyd, H. and Walker, O. (1990) Marketing Management, A Strategic Approach, Boston, Irwin, 1990, ISBN 0-256-05827-X

Government Procurement Agreement

Preparation of a draft Executive Order has been reported under which the USA would leave the GPA.

Review fraud

Review fraud or paid review fraud refers to

TripAdvisor v. PromoSalento

Italian court case, June 2018

Serious Shortage Protocol

Serious Shortage Protocols (SSPs) are a means adopted by the UK government to deal with serious and critical shortages in drug supplies. The National Health Service (Amendments Relating to Serious Shortage Protocols) Regulations 2019 provide for SSPs as a means of regulating use of scare supplies.

SSPs allow the Secretary of State for Health and Social Care to put in place arrangements for pharmacists to supply a different drug, or a reduced supply of a drug specified on a prescription where there are critical shortages or it is considered likely that will be a serious shortage of the drug in future.

The Human Medicines Regulations 2012 were amended in January 2019 to allow a prescription only medicine to be sold or supplier by a pharmacist in accordance with an SSP.

Criticism

In December 2018, the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges stated it is “inexplicable and unacceptable that an issue of this importance is not the subject of wide consultation and that medical royal colleges - as doctors’ professional bodies - were not specifically engaged in the process".

Communion Sacrifice

Communion Sacrifice is the term used by the Jerusalem Bible to refer to

Alexander Buttmann

Alexander Buttmann (1813- 1893) was a German alto-philologist.

Born in Berlin, Buttmann was active as a high school teacher ("Professor") and as a city councillor in Potsdam. As a philologist, he continued the work of his father Philipp Buttmann; among other things, he gave out his grammar.

Verse 18

‘Thus says the Lord God: “In the first month, on the first day of the month, you shall take a young bull without blemish and cleanse the sanctuary".

Verse 20

"And so you shall do on the seventh day of the month for everyone who has sinned unintentionally or in ignorance. Thus you shall make atonement for the temple".

until the seventh day according to the Jubilee Bible.

The text "seventh day of the month" can hardly be so rendered. Probably: in the seventh month, on the new moon (i.e. the first day). The Septuagint reads "in the seventh month, on the first day of the month". Thus the stated atonement for the sanctuary would take place twice in the year, on the first day of the first month (verse 18), and on the first day of the seventh month (verse 20).

CIM

CIM: the Uniform Rules concerning the Contract for International Carriage of Goods by Rail, issued as Appendix B to the Convention concerning International Carriage by Rail (COTIF) of 9 May 1980.

Foreign exchange management law

India: Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 Myanmar: Foreign Exchange Management Law, requires all earnings in a foreign currency received in the course of exporting to be deposited in a local company bank account within six months of the date when the goods are loaded and shipped.

St Clement's

Chapeltown Road Church of England. Built 1868 Closed 1974 Demolished 1976. Constructed of Potternewton stone with Weetwood stone dressings in the Early Geometric style at a cost of about £10,000. Demolished to make way for the Sheepscar interchange. The war memorial is now at St. Martin's.

Bernhard Lang

Not to be confused with Bernhard Lang, evangelical theologian, born in 1936.

See Bernhard Lang - German Roman Catholic theologian, born in Stuttgart in 1946. Jahwe, der biblische Gott: Ein Porträt, translated into English as The Hebrew God: Portrait of an Ancient Deity.

Scottish qualifying partnership

A Scottish qualifying partnership (SQP) is a general partnership constituted under the law of Scotland which does not provide limited liability for its members. "Qualifying" refers to regulation 3 of the Partnership (Accounts) Regulations 2008, which concerns a general partnership whose members are all limited companies, or unlimited companies or partnerships whose members are limited companies, i.e. the partners are all ultimately owned by limited companies.

COMA

Control, Operation and Management Agreement, for high voltage electricity operations. OMA - Control, Operation and Management Agreement

Annual quantity

In utilities industries, annual quantity (AQ) refers to the estimated consumption at a meter point using consumption history from the previous 12 months.

INDG 63

A risk assessment must be suitable and sufficient, i.e. it should show that:

• a proper check was made
• the risk assessor has asked who might be affected
• the assessment deals with all the obvious significant hazards, taking into account the number of people who could be involved
• the precautions are reasonable, and the remaining risk is low
• the assessment process has involved employees or their representatives.

Eastmoor Approved School

https://www.genesreunited.co.uk/boards/board/genealogy_chat/thread/1355951 The school was founded by Leeds Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Offenders in 1857. A detached chapel with a date stone reading '1882' stands to the south of the school. According to its Historic England listing, "the detached chapel has a steeply pitched roof in blue slate with horizontal bands of grey slate, ashlar dressings and stepped angle buttresses at the corners. The west gable end has a central porch with pitched roof and open arched entrance leading to the inner door. A 3-light pointed arch window is above the porch and there are two paired narrow basket arch windows to either side. The former vestry is on the north side at the east end, and has a pitched roof with a large end stack. The windows are shouldered arches and there is a date stone of 1882 on the outer gable wall. There are two paired pointed arch windows on the north side separated by stepped buttresses, and 3 similar windows on the south side. The east end has a four light pointed arch window.

Moor Allerton

Church of the Nazarene, off Boundary Farm Road, LS17 5JA - shown on 1990-1993 National Grid map.

Daughters of Mary Mother of Mercy

DMMM (redirect)

Business Realism

Elaine Sternberg of the University of Buckingham's Beloff Centre for the Study of Liberty, argues for "realism in business ethics". Sternberg suggests that, "starting with faulty assumptions, and applying defective theories, CSR as conventionally understood could well stand for 'Coercive Specious Reasoning' or 'Counterproductive Stakeholder Regimentation'.

Cross Green

Former Holy Family Convent, 16 Ings Road, Cross Green, LS9 9EJ Now in residential use. Formerly incorporated a chapel.

Belgrave Congregational Church West Yorkshire Archive Service holds copies of minutes, accounts and papers dating from 1835-1954, and the chapel's Choral Society programme for 1952.

Rotational contract award under a framework agreement

e.g.

• http://bidstats.uk/tenders/2018/W27/682229947
• the Orbis Construction Framework Agreement ("for urgent appointments"), administered by Surrey County Council and East Sussex County Council.

Political CSR

Political CSR (corporate social responsibility) refers to political activities undertaken by businesses to address perceived “regulatory gaps” caused by weak or insufficient social and environmental standards and norms. Christopher Wickert of the Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam notes that "the literature on political CSR focuses mostly on how large multinational corporations (MNCs) can address environmental and social problems that arise globally along their supply chains".

U.S.-Japan Digital Trade Agreement

Charities (Protection and Social Investment) Act 2016

CSR in the European Union

The European Commission presented a green paper for the European Communities, as the EU was then called, "promoting a European framework for Corporate Social Responsibility" in 2001. In that document the concept of CSR was defined as "a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis". By 2011, the Commission recognised a "strategic approach" to CSR as "increasingly important too the competitiveness of enterprises". Believing that enterprises can "significantly contribute to the European Union's treaty objectives of sustainable development and a highly competitive social market economy", therefore presented a revised strategy in October 2011, A renewed EU strategy 2011-14 for Corporate Social Responsibility. In this document, CSR was defined more briefly as

the responsibility of enterprises for their impact on society.

No longer treating CSR as a "voluntary" or is some sense "additional" aspect of managing an enterprise, the Commission now stated that

enterprises should have in place a process to integrate social, environmental, ethical, human rights and consumer concerns into their business operations and core strategy in close collaboration with their stakeholders.

Efficiency First

Efficiency First is the European Union's fundamental principle for the energy in the post-industrial age.

Crown Hotel Programme

The Crown Hotel Programme was a UK government accommodation booking service operated contractually by Redfern Travel on behalf of Crown Commercial Services, from 2012 until -----, enabling public sector buyers in the UK to access negotiated discount hotel prices. The programme won an award in 2012 as "the best cost saving initiative". It is now known as the CCS Public Sector Negotiated Programme.

Public interest entity

A public interest entity (PIE) is defined within European Union law as:

• a business entity governed by the law of an EU Member State whose transferable securities are admitted to trading on a regulated market of any Member State
• a credit institution (whether listed or not)
• an insurance undertaking (whether listed or not), or
• an entity designated by a Member State as a public-interest entity, for instance an undertaking which is of significant public relevance because of the nature of its business, its size or the number of its employees.

Application of this fourth criterion varies significantly across Member States.

The definition was introduced in the EU's 2006 Statutory Audit Directive (the 8th Directive).

EU Audit Reform and EU non-financial reporting requirements apply to public interest entities.

ASC 606

ASC 606 stands for Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) Topic 606: Revenue from Contracts with Customers. ASC 606 is a revenue recognition standard issued jointly by the FASB and IASB on 28 May 2014, which has been put in place to improve the revenue recognition portion of financial statements and increase the consistency of financial reporting across industries. It is the US GAAP equivalent of IFRS 15.

Cadbury Report: https://www.icaew.com/-/media/corporate/files/library/subjects/corporate-governance/financial-aspects-of-corporate-governance.ashx?la=en

General Safety Regulation (GSR) EC661/2009 concerning type-approval requirements for the general safety of motor vehicles, their trailers and the systems, components and separate technical units incorporated into vehicles.

Situation Target Proposal

Situation Target Proposal (STP), also known as Situation Target Path, is a model used for strategic planning within a business organisation.

VUCA

Origin

The United States Army War College introduced the concept of VUCA to describe the more volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous multilateral world perceived as resulting from the end of the Cold War.

refers to the work of Robert Murphy

More frequent use and discussion of the term "VUCA" began from 2002 and derives from this acronym from military education.

Invitation to Tender (merger)

Not to be confused with Invitation to treat.

Tony Grundy

Tony Grundy is a qualified chartered accountant, consultant and business writer. His academic positions include Visiting Lecturer posts in Strategy at Durham, Lancaster, Maastricht, Manchester (Alliance), Strathclyde and Warwick Business Schools.

Managing Strategic Change (1993) Strategy Implementation and Project Management (1998) Visualising change is the key to capitalising on it, published 1 February 2019, accessed 10 September 2019, first published in the international edition of Accounting and Business Magazine, February/March 2019.

• Smooth incremental change
• Bumpy incremental change
• Discontinuous change.

Ann Solerno Lille Brock

https://web.archive.org/

Firefighting lifts

The UK Government's Guidance on the Emergency Use of Lifts or Escalators for Evacuation and Fire and Rescue Services Operations, BD2466, states that the use of lifts in an evacuation strategy can have a number of benefits: "A wide range of building types may benefit from the use of lifts and/or escalators for emergency evacuation of the general population, from high-rise offices to underground stations and airports".

Isaiah 52, verse 5

"Now therefore what am I doing here", says the Lord, seeing that my people are taken away without cause? Their rulers howl, says the Lord, and continually, all day long, my name is despised".

Cause for the exile of the people of Israel to Babylon was established by the prophets before the exile commenced, e.g. Isaiah 5:1–30: Because they have rejected the law of the Lord of hosts, and despised the word of the Holy One of Israel, therefore the anger of the Lord is aroused against His people; He has stretched out His hand against them.

Jeremiah 11:14

Pray not for this people, for I have rejected them.

Puritan writer John Bunyan applies these words to himself in Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners,

Ezekiel 5 - compare Leviticus 21:5, "Once again Ezekiel is commanded to do a forbidden thing as a symbolic act", Pulpit Commentary Matthew 24:20

Free at Last

Martin Luther King "free at last" Free at Last

English Hop Growers

"Happy to Chat" bench

A "Happy to Chat" bench is a bench in a park or similar area with a sign on it with wording such as "Happy to chat bench. Sit here if you don't mind someone stopping to say hello".

Distribution agreement

A distribution agreement is a legally binding agreement between an person or business which supplies goods and one that distributes them. The supplier may be either a manufacturer or another distributor who is reselling another company's goods. The distributor's role includes planning and marketing the goods, whether to the public (business to consumer) or to other companies (business to business).

Remove redirect

Remondis GmbH & Co. KG Region Nord v. Region Hannover

The Oberlandesgericht Celle (Higher Regional Court of Celle, Germany) made a request for a preliminary ruling under Article 267 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) in the case of Remondis GmbH & Co. KG Region Nord v. Region Hannover.

Right of contribution

Where two (or more) insurance policies cover the same loss, a right of contribution allows the insurer who pays the claim to require the other insurer(s) to contribute. In the UK, the Marine Insurance Act 1906 described an insured person protected by two or more policies covering the same risk as "over-insured by double insurance" and in such cases, required each insurer to contribute to the costs of any insured loss for which they were liable "rateably ... in proportion to the amount for which he is liable under his [insurance] contract".

Negotiation Club

Negotiation Cards

List of places of worship in York

Pre-reformation

• A wooden structure on the site of the current York Minster was hurriedly erected in 627 to provide a place to baptise Edwin, King of Northumbria.
• A stone structure was completed in 637 by Oswald and dedicated to Saint Peter.

Church of England

Cathedral and Metropolitical Church of Saint Peter in York (known as York Minster)

St Edward the Confessor, Dringhouses

Baptist

• York Baptist Church

Roman Catholic

• The Bar Convent's "hidden chapel"
• St Wilfrid's

Safety moment

A safety moment (also known as a safety minute or a safety chat) is a brief safety talk about a specific subject at the beginning of a business or team meeting or a working shift.

Offtaker of last resort

In the UK electricity market, the Offtaker of Last Resort (OLR) scheme helps eligible Contract for Difference (CfD) electricity generators by providing an alternative route to market for their electricity. Introduced on 1 October 2015 by the Department for Energy and Climate Change (DECC), the scheme is intended, as a last resort, to help generators when they cannot obtain a power purchase agreement through normal commercial routes. The OLR scheme achieves this by facilitating a backstop power purchase agreement (BPPA) between the generator and a supplier via a competitive auction process. Ofgem is the statutory administrator of the scheme.

Mark's Gospel

There is a match between the account in chapter 11 onwards of Mark's Gospel and the ancient observance of Holy Week and Easter. Yale theologian Benjamin W. Bacon notes the "narration of [the] closing events [of Jesus' ministry] in such manner that the very days of the great annual observance, and at last even the successive watches of the Passover vigil, of the day of the Crucifixion, and of the Easter dawn, are each marked by their appropriate event".

Yosef Lipovitz

Yosef Lipovitz was a Polish Jewish Rabbi of the pietist Musar tradition. He was born near Białystok in north-eastern Poland in 1889, educated at the Slobodka Yeshiva and the University of Berlin, and emigrated to Palestine in 1924, where he taught Talmud. In later years he ran a small inn in Tel Aviv, spoke in Tel Aviv synagogues and looked after the financial affairs of the Ponevezh Yeshiva in Bnei Brak. He died in Tel Aviv in 1962 or 1966.

Lipovitz's Commentary on the Scroll of Ruth was published.

John 1:31

καγω ουκ ηδειν αυτον (kago ouk edein autov)

A Plummer, in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges I did not know Him

"We" in the Nicodemus dialogue: Verse 2: Nicodemus Verse 11: Jesus

John 17 and the Lord's Prayer

Jesus in Jerusalem in John's Gospel: 2:13-25 3:1-21 5:1-47 7:10-52 8:1ff 12:12ff John 13 onwards (to John 20)

Apostolic Document

The term Apostolic Document refers to a putative early version of the Gospels which some commentators thought that the writers of the canonical gospels may have used. Such a document is contemplated by Free Church minister William Robertson Nicoll in his Commentary on Matthew, but denied by Edwin Abbott Abbott:

St. Luke [prefaced] his own Gospel with the remark that he was induced to attempt this task (writing his gospel) because "many" others had attempted it. St. Luke could hardly have written thus if one authentic and apostolic document already occupied the ground and stood pre-eminent in the Church as the written record of Christ's life by an eye-witness. That there was no such document, known to St. Luke, we may also infer from his acknowledgment of his obligations to those who were "eye-witnesses and ministers of the word".

Harrogate College

School of Cultural, Heritage and Contemporary Studies and School of Business and Professional Studies

Watercourses in Harrogate

• Crimple Beck, between Harrogate and Pannal
• Oak Beck
• River Nidd
• Stone Rings Beck, between Harrogate and Pannal

Personal knowledge management

Robert Lambert, a writer on management practice, accounts for how he builds a personal knowledge management system with 4 key steps:

• Capture
• Curate
• Crunch
• Contribute.

National Clearance Hub

The UK's National Clearance Hub is a single national site which handles the movement of third country goods and processes goods transiting the EU. The NCH is the only centralised clearance hub in the EU, processing around 360,000 import and export declarations each year. The service is available 24 hours a day, every day of the year. The NCH is also responsible for the control and amendment of entries after clearance. The main responsibilities of the NCH are:

• processing all import and export entries selected for further checks
• inputting manual import and export entries
• inputting manual requests for export arrival and departure loading information
• controlling un-entered goods for inventory linked ports and airports
• authorising and amending inventory records and removals
• the control of goods imported under specific import regimes.

Performance standards are set within the National Clearance Hub Service Level Agreement.

1980 Procedures

The 1980 Procedures define the process which enables states which are members of the World Trade Organization's General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) to make amendments to their national Goods and Services Schedules. They replaced an earlier process adopted on 19 November 1968.

Ad tech, adtech or advertising technology is an umbrella term for the software and technology tools which are used by marketing agencies and brands to target, deliver, and analyze their digital advertising efforts. According to the UK Information Commissioner's Office (ICO), ad tech tools "analyse and manage information (including personal data) for online advertising campaigns" and are capable of automating the processing of advertising transactions. The term "ad tech" covers "the end-to-end lifecycle of the advertising delivery process, which often involves engaging third parties for one or more ... services, although some advertising is still placed directly between advertisers and publishers".

In June 2019 the ICO issued a report describing the ad tech industry's understanding of data protection law as "immature", asking adtech controllers "to re-evaluate their practices".

See also

List of advertising technology companies

Category:Advertising Category:Technology

Annas was a former high priest, but he still used, or was honoured with, the title.

General Programmes (Government procurement in the European Union)

• Article 54: the Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the European Parliament, draw up a general programme for the abolition of existing restrictions on freedom of establishment within the Community.
• Article 63: the Council shall, acting unanimously on a proposal from the Commission and after consulting the Economic and Social Committee and the European Parliament, draw up a general programme for the abolition of existing restrictions on freedom to provide services within the Community.

Directive 66/683/EEC - versions in the national languages of the original EC member states are available at https://op.europa.eu/en/publication-detail/-/publication/c7560407-689b-4752-9fb0-d0624ed83a19/language-en.

John 5.1

Johann Bengel lists a number of classical authorities who recognise this feast to be Pentecost: Epiphanius, Chrysostom, Cyril, Euthymius, Theophylact, the old Gospel harmony published by Ottomarus Luscinius, Lyranus, Stapulensis, Erasmus in his paraphrase, Maldonatus, Calvin, Piscator, Bullinger in his Acts, p. 4; comp. Hunnius and E. Schmidius, also Brochmand Syst. T. i. fol. 339. Add. Pflacher. Bengel adds, "and that this was Pentecost, I have proved, as I hope, in my Order of Times".

Augustine.

John 11:47 - Sanhedrin (NABRE)

There are a number of varying approaches to translating John 12:11: Cambridge: Falling away from the hierarchy Ellicott: Secession and believing Gill: Went away, both from Jerusalem and from the chief priests and Pharisees AMP: [from the teaching and tradition of the Jewish leaders] AMPC: withdrawing from and leaving the Judeans GW: leaving the Jews ISV: leaving to believe WYC: many of the Jews went away from him

History of David's Rise

The History of David's Rise (HDR) is an

Construction Contractor Monitor

A Construction Contractor Monitor (CCM) http://www.niassembly.gov.uk/globalassets/documents/committees/2007-2011/finance-and-personnel/inquiry-into-public-procurement-policy/dfp---cpdpublic-procurement---consultation.pdf

East Keswick

East Ings was originally two cottages and Wesleyan meetings were held there from 1795.

Laurence Memorial Chapel.

The Old Mill (c. 1792, now in residential) use was originally a Wesleyan Chapel.

Dunkeswick

Dunkeswick is a settlement in Harrogate District, North Yorkshire, just north of the River Wharfe, off the A61, 10 miles (16 km) from Leeds and 6 miles (9.7 km) from Harrogate. The main road running through the village is Weeton Lane: the village of Weeton lies 1.7 miles (2.7 km) to the west.

Places

• Brown Moor
• Dunkeswick
• Harewood Castle
• Gateland Lane, Shadwell
• Linton
• Inverness, Aberdeen, Arbroath, Dundee
• Arnhem, Utrecht, Dusseldorf

Leeds Grammar School

Grammar School at Leeds - School Chapel [27]

Roundhay

Ladywood Methodist Church was the third Roundhay Methodist Church building: the BBC Home Service North's service for Palm Sunday, 1956, was broadcast from here.

Id Nostri Cordis

Id Nostri Cordis was a papal bull issued by Pope Innocent VIII.

Women's Interfaith Council

The Women's Interfaith Council is a forum based in Kaduna State which aims to enable leaders and members of Muslim and Christian women’s faith bodies to "come together in sincere and concrete dialogue". It was established in Kaduna by the Sisters of Our Lady of Apostles in 2010. under the leadership of Sister Veronica Onyeanisi, OLA, a missionary sister of the order, which was formed in 1876.

CIPS Code of Conduct

• 1999 version
• 2009 version, the result of collaboration between the CIPS council, the Policy Advisory Network (PAN) and the CIPS Key Practice Statement Group (KPSG).
• 2013 version: approved by the CIPS Global Board of Trustees on 10 September 2013.

Confessions of Jeremiah

• Jeremiah 15:19a:

If you repent [and give up this mistaken attitude of despair and self-pity], then I will restore you [to a state of inner peace] - AMP

If you return to me, I will take you back - CEB

If you return — if I bring you back — you will stand before me - David H. Stern (CJB)

Jeremiah, if you change and come back to me, I will not punish you - ERV

If you return, I will restore you, and you shall stand before me - ESV

If you change your heart and return to me [return/repent], I will take you back [return to you]. Then you may serve me [stand before me] - EXB

If you come back and I take you back, in my presence you shall stand - NABRE

If you repent, I will restore you that you may serve me - NIV

If thou return, if thou repent thee of thy doubts, and think only of thy duty, "then will I bring thee again, then will I cause thee again to stand before Me. To "stand before a person" means to be his chief officer or vicegerent. It implies therefore the restoration of Jeremiah to the prophetic office. - Barnes

Jeremiah, by his impatient language, had left his proper posture towards God. God saith, "If thou wilt return (to thy former patient discharge of thy prophetic function) I will bring thee back" to thy former position: in the Hebrew there is a play of words, "return … turn again" - JFB

• Jeremiah 15:19b:

If you separate the precious from the base, you will be my spokesman - CJB

• Jeremiah 15:19c:

It will then be they who turn to you, not you who turn to them - CJB

Jeremiah 25:3-4

"Rising early": KJV, ASV, DARBY, DRA, GNV, NKJV, YLT, WYC ('I rose up by night')

"Persistently": ESV, RSV, NRSV, AMPC ("persistently early and late"), JB

"Repeatedly", or "over and over again": AMP, CSB, CEB, ERV, NIV, HCSB, LEB, MSG ("early each morning to late every night"), NASB, NABRE ("untiringly")

Bogs Commission

In 1808, Sir Arthur Wellesley, the future Duke of Wellington, advocated the setting up of a commission to enquire into the possible utilisation of Irish bogs. Five members of the Commission were quickly appointed and began operations on the 19th September 1809.

Requisition

In business, a requisition is a request for a purchase to be made, especially a formal written request on a pre-printed form. An online requisition is an electronic document, which can be originated by the requester and then, using a company's workflow or hierarchy rules, can be submitted to various approval processes, until it is finalised or approved and then converted into a purchase order; alternatively it may be rejected or the requester may be advised to modify it before approval. Approval may mean that the purchase order may then be issued to the supplier stated in the requisition or it may act as a direction to the company's procurement department or buying centre to specify the approved contractor, confirm or negotiate costs or research potential suppliers able to provide the required goods or services. Some purchase to pay systems automatically distribute purchase orders to the relevant supplier once the requisition has been approved

A stores requisition is a similar document intended to be issued to a company's own stores department. The US government's General Services Administration operates two Requisitions programs, GSA Global Supply and GSA Retail Operations, to facilitate intra-governmental supply operations.

Peter Kraljic

Peter Kraljic (born 1939) is a former director in the Düsseldorf office of McKinsey & Company, Inc., best known for his "supplier portfolio model" first published in 1983.

Kraljic's supplier portfolio model was based on the investment portfolio model developed by Nobel prize winner Henry Markovitz in 1952. In Kraljic's model, purchasing turnover and the supplier base are analysed based on two variables, value and risk. The position of each supply category on a matrix assigned according to these two variables dictated the ideal form of suppler relationship to be developed in respect of that category:

• Leverage products or relationships
• Strategic products or relationships
• Routine or tactical products or relationships
• Bottleneck products or relationships

Purchasing must become supply management

Types of contract

Combination contract (where part of a contract can be established on a firm-fixed-price basis but part needs to be treated separately) Cost-reimbursement contract Incentive contract Labour-hour contract Letter contract

Task order contract

A task-order contract is a contract for services which does not procure or specify a firm quantity of services (other than a minimum or maximum quantity) and which provides for the issuance of orders for the performance of tasks during the term of the contract. Similarly, a delivery-order contract is a contract for supplies which does not procure or specify a firm quantity of supplies (other than a minimum or maximum quantity) and which provides for the issuance of orders for the delivery of supplies during the period of the contract.

A time-and-materials contract provides for acquiring supplies or services on the basis of direct labour hours at specified fixed hourly rates and the actual cost of materials, "used only when it is not possible at the time of placing the contract to estimate accurately the extent or duration of the work or to anticipate costs with any reasonable degree of confidence". The Federal Acquisition Regulation warns that "a time-and-materials contract provides no positive profit incentive to the contractor for cost control or labor efficiency" and therefore mandates "appropriate government surveillance of contractor performance ... to give reasonable assurance that efficient methods and effective cost controls are being used".

Articles to amend

• Longitude Act
• Michael A. Smith
• NART

City Centre

10-12 Dock Street: Possibly a warehouse, later a sailors' chapel. Mid-late 18th century with change of use by 1831. The Sailors' Chapel, shown on a 1831 map, was possibly only a part of the building. The site is now occupied by legal offices.

Riverside Mission Church and Institute, off The Calls, now Riverside Court. Originally used for services by St James Church and then Leeds Parish Church; when the services were discontinued, the mission was taken over by the Seamen and Boatmen’s Friend Society to "promote the social, moral, and religious welfare of the river and canal population of Leeds and District". There is a Riverside Mission Room within the Art Hostel on New York Road in Mabgate, inspired by the history of the Riverside Mission.

St. John's Peace Garden in the city centre is named after the nearby redundant St John's Church.

Clark Lane Zion Methodist Church West Yorkshire Archives holds baptismal registers dating from 1860 to 1957.

Tingley

Tingley Zion Methodist Church The first Tingley Primitive Methodists worshipped in a barn at Topcliffe Farm.

Woodkirk Beck Hey Beck Baghill Beck

Walton

WALTON (St. Peter), a parish, in the Ainsty wapentake, W. riding of York, 2½ miles (E. by S.) from Wetherby; containing 254 inhabitants. The parish comprises about 167O acres of fertile land, mostly the property of G. L. Fox, Esq., who is lord of the manor: the village is pleasantly situated a short distance from the river Wharfe, which passes on the west and south. The living is a perpetual curacy; net income, £90; patrons and impropriators, C. A. Fischer, Esq., and another. The church, a neat structure, stands on an eminence. The Roman Watling-street crosses the river at a place named St. Helen's, and passes through the parish to Rudgate.

Through this tract of ground runs the great Roman road called Watling street, from the south to the wall now called Redgate. It crossed the Wharf at a place called St. Helen's Ford, near Walton, where formerly stood a chapel, dedicated to St. Helen, the mother of Constantine.

https://www.catalogue.wyjs.org.uk/calmview/

Public Access for Planning

Public Access for Planning

Pampocalia

Antiquarian guesswork from 1695 or earlier placed Pompocali at a quarry on a Roman road north-east of Leeds. Another source suggests it was probably located "near the crossroads where Roman roads 721 and 720a of Margary (1973) intersected at Long Lee, on the outskirts of Keighley".

Knostrop

St Saviour’s Orphanage at Knostrop, chapel (1872-1938 or 1939). The altar was later relocated within Agnes Stewart School, Burmantofts.

Lazencroft

Lazencroft

1958 List

In defence procurement, the 1958 List refers to a generic list of arms, munitions and war material specified in the European Union's Council Decision 255/58 of 15 April 1958, according to which such purchases can be treated as exempt from the application of procurement regulations in operation across the EU.

Article 223 of the Treaty of Rome (renumbered as Article 296 by the Amsterdam Treaty), allows member states to waive the general principle of competition in the case of military procurement.

Swillington Common

Methodist Chapel, Swillington Common, junction of Swillington Lane and Selby Road, part of the Leeds (Richmond Hill) circuit.

Chapel Lane Providence Row or Providence Place

Tabernacle United Free Methodist Church

At the junction of Meadow Road and Tabernacle Street, Holbeck, formerly part of the Leeds South Circuit. Seated 500. Registers, accounts and Sunday school minutes covering the years 1837 to 1911 are held by West Yorkshire Archives.

Meanwood

Wesleyan Chapel on Church Lane, now residential, shown on 1850 Ordnance Survey map.

Hope Street Improvement Programme

The Hope Street Improvement Programme was a slum clearance programme undertaken in the Leylands area of Leeds.

Aire Valley Leeds Area Action Plan

The Aire Valley Employment Area is situated north of Pontefract Lane and east of Thornes Farm Way.

Gateway 45 Leeds (previously known as Temple Green) is a logistics and manufacturing development scheme with planning consent in place as at 2019 for 2.64 million sq ft of B8, B1 and B2 development, directly adjacent to M1 junction 45.

Link 45 is a proposed development on Thornes Farm Way, off Pontefract Lane.

Skelton Gate New Community is a development area located on land to the east of Junction 45 of the M1 Motorway being proposed by Templegate Developments Ltd. Formerly a colliery site, the development will comprise of around 700 dwellings, associated infrastructure, landscaping and public open space. Planning permission has been granted for the construction of a motorway service area on land immediately to the north west of the site. Skelton Lake is close to the area.

SOYO or SOYO Leeds (South of York Road) refers to the cultural quarter developing around the old Quarry Hill site, with Leeds Playhouse, Leeds City College and Leeds College of Music as anchor institutions in the neighbourhood.

Anchor institutions

Anchor institutions or anchor-engaged institutions are the large institutions which operate and play a pivotal role in the economic and social fabric of any given locality and have a vested interest in the success of their local community. They play a significant and recognised role in their locality by making a strategic contribution to the local economy. According to Cleveland State University in Ohio, relies on more than "the permanence of its physical presence and [its] economic impact in any given community" in order to foster economic opportunity (economic inclusion) and development in the community and region in which it primarily resides and broadly in the world beyond, by

• buying from local vendors;
• hiring from among local residents; and
• encouraging employees to live close to campus.

CLES notes that "being rooted in [a] place ... [a]nchor institutions bring wealth in the form of jobs and supply chains.

Examples

• Cleveland, Ohio

A1P1

A1P1 refers to Article 1 of the first protocol to the European Convention on Human Rights:

(1) Every natural or legal person is entitled to the peaceful enjoyment of his possessions. No one shall be deprived of his possessions except in the public interest and subject to the conditions provided for by law and by the general principles of international law.

(2) The preceding provisions shall not, however, in any way impair the right of a state to enforce such laws as it deems necessary to control the use of property in accordance with the general interest or to secure the payment of taxes or other contributions or penalties.

Cases

• The case of Sporrong and Lönnroth v Sweden (1982) 5 EHRR 35 was concerned with compulsory purchase enforcement under the Swedish Expropriation Act 1917 ("expropriationslagen").
• R. (Trailer & Marina (Leven) Ltd.) v Secretary of State for the Environment, Food & Rural Affairs & another, [2004] EWCA Civ 1580 (16 December 2004), [2005] 1 WLR 1267, [2005] WLR 1267
• Hutten-Czapska v Poland (2007) 45 EHRR 4, dealing with an alleged violation of A1P1, held that "the court must ascertain whether by reason of the state's interference the person concerned had to bear a disproportionate and excessive burden".
• King and others v Environment Agency, [2018] EWHC 65 (QB) (19 January 2018)
• R (on the application of Mott) (Respondent) v Environment Agency, (14 February 2018), UKSC 10, followed the "fair balance" principles established in Sporrong and Trailer & Marina.

Contract variation

Contract variation refers to the process for making amendments to an existing contract, such as changes to the contract's specification, prices, terms and conditions or duration.

Written contracts often specify procedures to be followed in order to vary the contract, including agreements that a contract will not be varied orally (a "No Oral Modification" or "NOM" clause). In the case of Rock Advertising Ltd. v MWB Business Exchange Centres Ltd., 2018 , on appeal from a 2016 Court of Appeal case, the UK Supreme Court clarified the law regarding

Direct producer's liability

Direct producer's liability refers to

Distributed order management

The purpose of a distributed order management system is to "broker orders across the various systems and processes utilized by the multiple parties involved in replenishing an order", enabling retailers to meet customer need from multiple sources. Suppliers of distributed order management systems include Symphony Retail and Australian company Fluent Commerce.

Election Doctrine

Not to be confused with Doctrine of Election.

The Election Doctrine is a legal doctrine regarding claims made by contractors against the United States federal government.

Federal Acquisition System

The Federal Acquisition System refers to a holistic understanding of the process through which US federal bodies are able to "obtain best value products and services, while maintaining public trust" and delivering on associated "public policy objectives". The Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) is intended to support the Federal Acquisition System's fulfilment of this vision.

Federal Acquisition Team

The role and operation of those involved as a 'team' in government procurement is defined in FAR 1.102-3 and RAR 1.102-4. The FAR system is intended to promote "teamwork, unity of purpose and open communication".

Contractor team arrangements

Subpart 9.6 recognises the potential value of contractor team arrangements, where several contractors form a partnership or joint venture so that this vehicle can act as the prime contractor and have team members act as sub-contractors. From a government point of view, such arrangements can sustain an attractive combination of performance, cost and delivery; complex research and development requirements are noted as an area where such arrangements might be "particularly appropriate". Whilst the "integrity and validity" of such arrangements is acknowledged in policy terms, the government does require full disclosure of the arrangements and underlying company relationships and expects the prime contractor to be accountable for all aspects of contract performance.

Factoryless Manufacturing

Factoryless Manufacturing or Factoryless Goods Production refers to the practice where an organisation responsible for production of goods outsources "all of the transformation steps traditionally considered [to be] manufacturing". The organisation concerned retains responsibility for planning, financing and managing the manufacturing process and for the marketing and distribution of the finished products.

The US Office of Management and Budget

Fleming claim

Under UK Value Added Tax (VAT) law, a Fleming claim is a claim made to Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs for under-declared or overpaid VAT, potentially going back as far as the inception of VAT in 1973. Such claims have been made following the House of Lords judgements in January 2008 in the cases of Fleming (t/a Bodycraft) v Customs and Excise Commissioners [2008) and Conde Nast, which concerned the way in which a three year time limit on making claims had been introduced.

Section 121 of the Finance Act 2008 limited the scope for making claims by introducing a new transitional period ending 1 April 2009, before which any such claims had to be made.

Category:Value-added tax (United Kingdom)

Free in Store

Not in Incoterms

FRS 102

FRS 102 is the current Financial Reporting Standard issued by the Financial Reporting Council applicable in the UK and Republic of Ireland for the financial statements of all entities which are not applying EU-adopted IFRS, FRS 101 or FRS 105.

Under FRS 102, small entities' options for reporting to their members on their financial performance in accounting periods which started on or after 1 January 2016 are:

• they may prepare micro-entity accounts if they are within the threshold;
• they may prepare abridged accounts, or
• they may prepare full accounts.

In all cases a company must file at least its balance sheet and any related notes with Companies House, but a small company can choose whether or not to file its director’s report and profit and loss account. Companies which opt not to file their director’s report and profit and loss are said to be filing “filleted” accounts.

Amendments made under the Companies, Partnerships and Groups (Accounts and Reports) Regulations 2015 came into force on 6th April 2015.

Goods Inward

See also: Distribution center

A goods inward function or department within a business operation is concerned with the processes for receiving, checking and storing goods which are delivered into the business and for checking any accompanying paperwork. Recording receipt of goods may be undertaken using a reporting system or recording may form part of the functionality of a warehouse management system (WMS). Software used for generating purchase orders or planning sales may also incorporate a goods receipting function. When food products are being received, their quality and condition should be inspected, as the goods inward stage represents a critical control point.

Groceries Code Adjudicator

The Groceries Code Adjudicator Act 2013 (2013 c. 19) created the post of Groceries Code Adjudicator. The Act gives the postholder the role of enforcing the Groceries Supply Code of Practice (Groceries Code) and encouraging compliance with it. The role includes acting as (or appointing) an arbitrator, which is obligatory if a dispute is referred by a supplier but optional if the dispute is referred by a large retailer.

The Groceries Supply Code of Practice was established by order

In October 2017 the Groceries Code Adjudicator launched a campaign known as "Code Confident" intended to improve suppliers' knowledge of, and confidence in, the code.

Category:United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2013

Extension of time although there are circumstances where in the interests of justice, a Court may allow an extension of the time allowed to challenge an arbitration award.

Kotter

Generating short-term wins is the sixth step of his eight-step model. "This step addresses the important fact of leading change: your organization has to realize some benefits from your change effort to maintain stakeholder commitment." Short-term is to be understood as equivalent to "quick wins"; it does not mean that their benefits are short-lived but that they can be achieved in a short space of time so that some benefits can be seen in response to stakeholder commitment to change. Kotter states that the kind of results required at this stage of a transformation programme are "both visible and unambiguous".

Lucy v. Walwyn

Lucy v. Walwyn (1561) KB 27/1026, m. 76; 94 Seldon Soc. 268, the first English law case on the doctrine of consideration, concerned an executory contract where the plaintiff recovered damages for the loss of a bargain.

List of European Union Regulations

See also: List of European Union directives and List of food labeling regulations § European Union

This is a list of notable European Union Regulations.

Regulations of the European Parliament and of the Council

1995

• Trade Barriers Regulation (TBR). Any EU company or group of companies can use the TBR to complain to the European Commission about obstacles to trade in third countries e.g. import bans, or about foreign trade practices which cause business problems within the European market, e.g. foreign subsidies. Investigations may result in several possible actions including reaching a settlement with the third country concerned or raising a case with the the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of the World Trade Organization (WTO).

1996

• Council Regulation (EC) No 2271/96 protecting against the effects of the extra-territorial application of legislation adopted by a third country, and actions based thereon or resulting therefrom.

2001

• Regulation 44/2001: assignment of jurisdiction and judicial cooperation in civil matters, replacing the 1968 Brussels Convention.

2002

• Regulation 178/2002 of 28 January 2002 laying down the general principles and requirements of food law, establishing the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) and laying down procedures in matters of food safety. This regulation established the Rapid Alert System for Food and Feed (RASFF). Regulation 178/2002 allows the sale of foodstuffs containing living animals if they are "prepared for placing on the market for human consumption".

2003

• Regulation 1/2003 - Council Regulation (EC) No 1/2003 of 16 December 2002 on the implementation of the rules on competition laid down in Articles 81 and 82 of the Treaty (OJ L1, 4.1.03), the so-called "Modernisation Regulation". This regulation requires the designated national competition authorities of the Member States (NCAs) and the courts of the Member States to apply and enforce Articles 81 and 82 of the EC Treaty (Article 814 and Article 825 respectively) when national competition law is applied to agreements which may affect trade between Member States or to abuse prohibited by Article 82. It also established a 'legal exception' regime. These changes are often referred to as "modernisation".

2004

• Council Regulation 139/2004 establishing that the antitrust national authorities of EU member States have the competence to judge on undertakings whose economic and financial impact are limited to their respective internal markets. (Check)
• Regulation 261/2004, also known as the Flight Compensation Regulation - entitlements arising from a flight disruption.

2008

• Regulation (EU) No 764/2008 laying down procedures relating to the application of certain national technical rules to products lawfully marketed in another Member State and repealing Decision No. 3052/95/EC. This regulation builds on the principle of mutual recognition and applies to products which are not covered by the harmonisation of legislation directed by the EU. See also the guidance documents for this regulation which are published by the European Commission. Decision No. 3052/95/EC was repealed with effect from 13 May 2009.
• Regulation (EU) No 765/2008 on conformity-assessment activity.

2011

• Regulation 182/2011 governing use of the European Commission's implementing powers, also known as the Comitology Regulation.
• Regulation 1169/2011 on the provision of food information to consumers (FIC Regulation), subject to proposed revision.

2012

• EU Succession Regulation (EU) No 650-2012, regarding wills and succession. It entered into force on 17 August 2012 and applied fully from 17 August 2015. Denmark, Ireland and the United Kingdom declined to opt into this regulation.
• Regulation 1151/2012 on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs, includes provision for traditional speciality guaranteed (TSG) food labelling in Title III (articles 17-26).

2013

• Regulation 1308/2013 - Establishing a common organisation of the markets in agricultural products. The following regulations were repealed: Council Regulations (EEC) No 922/72, (EEC) No 234/79, (EC) No 1037/2001 and (EC) No 1234/2007.

2016

• Audit Regulation 537/2014/EU - This regulation and the amended Audit Directive (2014/56/EU) both entered into force on 17 June 2016. The regulation established arrangements for cooperation between audit oversight bodies in the EU.

2017

• Regulation (EU) 2017/745 on the clinical investigation and sale of medical devices for human use.

2018

• Blocking Regulation, originally enacted as Council Regulation (EC) No 2271/96, passed to "provide[s] protection against and counteract[s] the effects of the extra-territorial application" of certain specified laws, all of them being United States federal legislation.

Implementing Regulations

Implementing Regulations aim to ensure the uniform implementation of European legislation. Their subject-matter is restricted to matters necessary for uniform implementation. An example is Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) No 668/2014, issued by the Commission on 13 June 2014, "laying down rules for the application of Regulation (EU) No 1151/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council on quality schemes for agricultural products and foodstuffs".

Category:Regulation in the European Union

National achievement rates tables

National achievement rates tables or NARTs (formerly success rates) are statistics published annually by the UK Department for Education detailing the education and training achievement rates for the 19+ Education and Training cohort engaged in apprenticeships, education and training.

The DfE updated its methodology in 2017 and data for 2015/16 was published using the updated methodology. National figures for previous years were also republished using the new method. Data for individual providers was subsequently updated following an intervention by the FE Weekly magazine.

Headline achievement rates for 2016/17 published in March 2018 showed an increase in achievement at all qualification levels except at level 3 in comparison with 2015/16.

Payment terms

Remove redirect from Discounts and allowances

Payment terms refers to business practice and contractual obligations regarding how quickly a supplier's invoice should be paid after receipt of the invoice or after receipt of the goods or services to which an invoice relates, and other aspects of the payment process which may be agreed by commercial parties.

See also

• Discounts and allowances

Category:Payment terms

Purple Monkey (Negotiation)

A purple monkey is an unreasonable request made as a negotiation tactic known to be unacceptable but intended to completely capture the other side’s attention.

Statutory Demand

A statutory demand is a request for payment of a debt from an individual or company issued in accordance with a process defined in law. In the UK, anyone who is owed money (a ‘creditor’) can make a statutory demand. The forms and processes for serving a statutory demand in Scotland are different from those which apply in England and Wales.

Theft by Contractor

Wisconsin state law defines construction payments made to a prime contractor as funds to be held in trust by the prime contractor on behalf of any sub-contractors, and any action by the prime contractor to access these funds for their own business use in advance of settling claims for payment to a sub-contractor is defined as theft by the contractor. State law treats such theft as a felony. The case of State of Wisconsin v. Angela A. Keyes (2007) examined how Wisconsin Statute § 779.02 (5) applies in "a situation where a prime contractor also acts as a subcontractor and takes a profit on materials it supplies to a project before all other subcontractors are paid", ruling that the prime contractor in this case had wrongly paid themselves as sub-contractor ahead of other sub-contractors.

Trade Bill (UK)

A Trade Bill was introduced in the UK Parliament 2017-2019 Parliamentary session, intended make to provision for "the implementation of international trade agreements; to make provision establishing the Trade Remedies Authority and conferring functions on it; and to make provision about the collection and disclosure of information relating to trade". The bill failed to complete its passage through Parliament before the end of the session and therefore failed.

A further Trade Bill, with essentially the same purpose, was introduced into the 2019-2021 Parliamentary session, having its second reading on 20 May 2020. The bill was presented by International Trade Secretary Elizabeth Truss. The bill provides for UK membership of the WTO Agreement on Government Procurement (GPA), which is intended to come into effect on 1 January 2021 on completion of the Brexit process. Truss emphasised in regard to the GPA, that the procurement of UK health services would not be covered by the open procurement rules of the GPA:

Let me be clear to the House: the GPA sets out rules for how public procurement covered by the agreement is carried out. As an independent member, we are free to decide what procurement is covered under the agreement. The UK’s GPA coverage does not and will not apply to the procurement of UK health services. Our NHS is not on the table.

Main contractor's profit (MCP)

Harland Way Wetherby

Base date

In a construction contract, a base date is a reference date used to assess the impact of any changes in conditions, in particular to address any changes between the date when tenders were invited and the circumstances in place when bidders were preparing their proposals and costs, and the conditions which are in place at a later date when the contract is signed.

Category:construction

Undefinitized Contract Action

An Undefinitized Contract Action (UCA) is a contract action for which the contract terms, specifications, or price are not agreed upon before performance is begun under the action. US Defense acquisition policy does not permit UCAs, except where "the negotiation of a definitive contract action is not possible in sufficient time to meet the Government's requirements; and the Government's interest demands that the contractor be given a binding commitment so that contract performance can begin immediately".

In 2007, a US Government Accountability Office investigation found that The report noted that "the contractor has little incentive to control costs during [the undefinitized contract] period, creating a potential for wasted taxpayer dollars.

Category:United States defense procurement

Will theory

An early and prominent account of will theory is Kant’s The Metaphysics of Morals (1797 [1996]: 6:271, p. 57). More recent elaborations of variants of the will theory include Charles Fried's Contract as Promise (1981), Randy Barnett's, A Consent Theory of Contract (1986) and Jody Kraus', The Correspondence of Contract and Promise (2009).

The lawyer Samuel Williston, who wrote a leading treatise and served as Reporter for the Restatement (First) of Contracts, once observed that he “[didn’t] see why a man should not be able to make himself liable if he wishes to do so” (Handbook NCCUSL 1925: 194).

An alternative theory, which the Stanford Encyclopaedia of Philosophy regards as unconventional, is Dori Kimel's, From Promise to Contract: Towards a Liberal Theory of Contract (2003).

Normative aspect to personhood

Rousseau Kant "Deep philosophical difference"

Aspire contract

The Aspire contract was the Inland Revenue and HMRC's primary IT services contract between 2004 and 2017, the "most expensive technology contract in government according to the National Audit Office. Created for Inland Revenue in 2004, the outsourcing business model was expanded to deliver more services to more customers when the department was merged with HM Customs and Excise to form HMRC in 2005. The lead partner within the contract was Cap Gemini, along with two main subcontractors, Fujitsu and Accenture, supported by BT. In 2009 after the initial five years of the contract, it was revised to become a vehicle for all HMRC's core external IT expenditure, with a revised end date of 2017, granting Cap Gemini exclusive responsibility for all HMRC project delivery until April 2013. However, in January 2015, HMRC took over the contractual management of the two main subcontractors from Capgemini.

Amend https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HM_Revenue_and_Customs#IT_problems

Replacement

The House of Commons Public Accounts Committee examined HMRC’s management and early preparations for the replacement of the contract in 2014.

Finance Act 2016

Government Procurement

Argentina

Although Argentina is a federal country, with procurement essentially a matter for the various provinces, certain common principles are applicable to public contracts with both the federal government and the provinces, municipalities and the city of Buenos Aires. The General Regime for Public Procurement (GRPP) was approved by means of Decree 1023/2001, issued on 13 August 2001 by the federal executive, exercising legislative powers delegated to it by the legislature under the terms of Section 76 of the Constitution. After the inauguration of the current (2016) government, on 15 September 2016 the federal executive issued Decree 1030/16, approving the new Regulation of the GRPP and abrogating the existing Decree 893/12, and on 27 September 2016 the National Procurement Office issued Dispositions 62-E/2016 and 65-E/2016, by means of which the Contracting Procedure Manual (CPM) and the electronic contracting system, called COMPR.AR, were approved. The National Procurement Office is a federal body which serves as the governing entity for the GRPP and its Regulation.

For public-private contracts, Law Number 27,328 regulating Public Private Contracts in Argentina (Ley de Contratos de Participación Público-Privada took effective from 9 December 2016. Articles 28 and 29 of this law provide for the established of the Public Private Unit to centralise regulation of the Public Private Contracts and provide support to state agencies in relation to project design of the project, feasibility and promotion, development of tender documentation and contract management.

The UN's Global Review of Sustainable Public Procurement, 2017 cites Argentina's ... as an example of good practice.

Argentina has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Cameroon

Cameroon has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Canada

Opening up of public procurement between the provinces:

• Ontario-Québec Agreement on Public Procurement and Construction Labour Mobility, 24 December 1993.
• Agreement for the Opening of Public Procurement for Ontario and Quebec - signed by Ontario and Quebec on May 3, 1994.
• Agreement on Internal Trade - signed by the Provinces, Territories and Federal Government on July 18, 1995

Manitoba

The Procurement Services Branch (PSB) provides centralized procurement related services to provincial government departments and agencies.

New Brunswick

The public procurement process in the Province of New Brunswick is governed by the Procurement Act (S.N.B. 2012, c.20), assented to on 13 June 2012. Procurement is overseen by Strategic Procurement, a division of Service New Brunswick.

Ontario

In Ontario, corporate Vendor of Record arrangements (VORs) open to all ministries may only be established by the Management Board Secretariat (MBS).

Chile

Chile has a public procurement tendering platform known as ChileCompra, operated by the Ministry of Public Works.

Organisations bidding for government tenders must register with the Chilean Dirección de Aprovisionamiento del Estado (Bureau of Government Procurement Supplies) and post a bank and/or guarantee bond, usually equivalent to ten percent of the total bid, to ensure compliance with specifications and delivery dates.

The Chile–United States Free Trade Agreement, established in 2004, calls for open tendering, including [publication of?] the name of the supplier and the value of the contract.

Chile has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

China

Chinese Taipei

Chinese Taipei acceded to the Government Procurement Agreement on 15 July 2009. The political status of Taiwan remains disputed.

Macau

Macau Government Procurement Laws N° 122/84/M (in effect since 1985) and N° 30/89/M apply. Only business entities registered in the Official List of Public Works Contractors of Macau's Land, Public Works and Transport Bureau are generally permitted to tender for public works contracts. Businesses which are not established in Macau and/or not registered in the Official List of Public Works Contractors are only permitted to tender in limited situations prescribed by law, and only if there is proof that they are registered as a public works contractor in their own territory.

Colombia

Colombia has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Costa Rica

Costa Rica has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Ecuador

Ecuador requested observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement on 14 May 2019 and its request was accepted by the WTO Committee on Government Procurement on 26 June 2019, Ecuador stating that "its government has made transparency, non-discrimination and efficient use of state resources a goal for its procurement policies and [noting] that the Inter-American Development Bank has recognized Ecuador as having one of the most advanced procurement systems in Latin America".

Ascension Islands - restore Nunavut - restore

Fiji

www.fpo.gov.fj and the sale of official Fiji flags.

Georgia

The Georgian electronic Government Procurement (Ge-GP) system is the official portal of State Procurement in Georgia. The State Procurement Agency (SPA) is based in Tbilisi. The main procurement regulations are:

• The Law of Georgia on State Procurement
• Order No 7 of the Chairman of the State Procurement Agency, September 20, 2010, on Approving the Rules for the Identification of the Procurement Objects and the Determination of Homogeneity Thereof which provides for a classification structure with four "logically interrelated procurement hierarchical levels".
• Order No 9 of the Chairman of the State Procurement Agency, April 7, 2011, on Approving the Rules for Conducting Simplified Procurement, Simplified Electronic Tender and Electronic Tender.

Georgia operates a "black list" of suppliers who are disqualified from bidding for State Procurement contracts. This is an official registry, maintained electronically, and an entity which is registered on the list may not participate in state procurement for one year from its entry onto the list.

Georgia has observer status with regard to the Government Procurement Agreement and is negotiating accession.

See http://www.procurement.gov.ge/AboutAgency/Routine.aspx

India

There is no central legislation governing procurement in India. The 1947 General Financial Rules, which were revised in 2005 and 2017, establish the principles for general financial management and procedures for government procurement. The rules contained in chapter 6 concern the procurement of goods and services, and chapter 8 addresses contract management. The Ministry of Finance is responsible for the operation of the General Financial Rules. The Central Vigilance Commission, a statutory body established under the Central Vigilance Commission Act 2003, deals with allegations of corruption in procurement.

Government of India, Report of the Committee on Public Procurement (2011)

The Indian government procurement market is estimated to be more than US$300bn, which is 25-30 % of its GDP.

Public Procurement Bill 2012

Stores Purchase Section, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi Central Public Procurement Portal (CPPA)

India has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Indian Railways, operated by the Ministry of Railways, uses the Indian Railways E-Procurement System (IREPS) for the procurement of goods, works and services, sales of materials, and leasing of assets. Konkan Railway Corporation Limited and Delhi Metro Rail Corporation also use this system.

Gujarat

Government of Gujarat, Gujarat Informatics Ltd

Kerala

Kerala's e-Tendering system, Tenders Kerala, supports e-procurement activity. However, Tender Inviting Authorities (TIAs) who wish to purchase IT hardware like computers, laptops, printers, scanners etc. are required to procure these through the Kerala Government's centralised e-Governance IT Procurement Portal (KeGIP) established in 2017.

Tripura

The Finance Department of the government of the state of Tripura, based in Agartala, is responsible for oversight of government procurement. Tenders are published electronically on the Indian central government site (eprocure.gov.in) and/or on the Tripuran site (tripuratenders.gov.in).

Uttarakhand

Uttarakhand's rules for the procurement of goods, works and services and for Public Private Partnership arrangements in infrastructure and service delivery projects were published in Dehradun on 1 May 2008. The Uttarakhand government operates an eProcurement System, Tenders Uttarakhand, at uktenders.gov.in.

West Bengal

There are also procurement rules, procedures and manuals used for procurement in the Gram Panchayats (local self-government) of West Bengal.

Jordan

Jordan has observer status with regard to the Government Procurement Agreement and is negotiating accession. The European Union and Jordan have agreed in their Association Agreement the objective of "a gradual liberalisation of public procurement".

Kenya

Labour Cabinet Secretary Kazungu Kambi was suspended (September 2015) due to allegations that he breached procurement regulations after the National Social Security Fund Board of Trustees awarded a Sh130 billion tender for two projects without any competitive tendering.

Kazakhstan

Kazakhstan was granted observer status with the WTO’s Government Procurement Agreement in October 2016, and its application to start negotiating its accession to the agreement was announced at a meeting of the Committee on Government Procurement on 3 December 2019.

Kyrgyz Republic

The Kyrgyz Republic has observer status with regard to the Government Procurement Agreement and is negotiating accession.

Malaysia

Malaysia has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Mongolia

Mongolia has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

North Macedonia

The Republic of North Macedonia announced a reform of the public procurement procedures in 2017, which was implemented in 2019. Procedures are aligned with the public procurement procedures of the European Union, with the "most economically advantageous tender" as main contract award criteria in use rather than the previous "lowest price" criteria. Simplified procedures apply for procurements of lower value and a simplified open procedure) and more complex procedures apply for competitive procedures with negotiation and innovation partnerships. There will be an option to use "reserved contracts" from 2020: these are intended for contract award to entities whose main aim is the social and professional integration of disabled or disadvantaged persons, or for the benefit of socially vulnerable groups, and to those who reinvest their earnings for this purpose.

The State Appeals Commission upon Public Procurement ("State Appeals Commission") is an independent state body appointed by the National Parliament, with responsibility for handling appeals regarding public procurement decisions.

An Electronic System for Public Procurements (ESPP) is in use, and contracting authorities must follow the "Rulebook on the manner of utilization of the Electronic System for Public Procurement", adopted in 2007, effective 1 January 2008. Contracting authorities are obliged to publish an annual plan for public procurement on the ESPP each January.

North Macedonia has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Oman

Oman has observer status with regard to the Government Procurement Agreement and is negotiating accession.

Panama

Panama has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Philippines

The Philippines requested observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement on 6 May 2019 and its request was accepted by the WTO Committee on Government Procurement on 26 June 2019, the Philippines confirming that "its government was ... taking steps to create a transparent, open and fair procurement system, founded on a sound legal framework, which includes initiatives to open procurement to foreign suppliers".

Russia

Russian Federation has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Saudi Arabia

A draft Government Tender and Procurement Law was published for consultation in 2017.

Saudi Arabia has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Seychelles

Seychelles has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

South Africa

Section 217 of the South African Constitution specifically regulates procurement in South Africa. The Preferential Procurement Policy Framework Act 5 of 2000

KwaZulu Natal Province

The KwaZulu Natal Supply Chain Management Policy Framework was established on 20 December 2005. The provincial Contract Management Policy Framework issued by the KwaZulu-Natal Provincial Treasury provides guidance for municipalities and municipal entities in "processes related to contract management".

Sri Lanka

The National Procurement Agency of Sri Lanka (www.npa.gov.lk) is based in Colombo. Procurement practice is governed by the Government Procurement Guidelines, issued in 2006 with the approval of the Cabinet of Ministers "in order to enhance the transparency of Government procurement process to minimize delays and to obtain financially the most advantageous and qualitatively the best services and supplies for the nation". Sri Lanka has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Tajikistan

Tajikistan has observer status with regard to the Government Procurement Agreement and is negotiating accession.

Thailand

Thailand has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Turkey

Turkey has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

United Arab Emirates

The World Economic Forum’s Global Competitiveness Report for 2017-2018 ranked the United Arab Emirates as "first in the world in government procurement for high-tech products and first in the Arab countries for 'creative capacity'".

Ajman

Government procurement in Ajman is overseen by the Department of Finance - Ajman, which operates a supplier registration system. Any supplier who wishes to conduct business with government entities within the Emirate of Ajman is required to submit an application to the purchasing and contracting section at the Department of Finance - Ajman.

Dubai

Dubai Municipality uses an electronic i-Supplier system to enable suppliers to deal with government departments in the emirate of Dubai.

Sharjah

Law No. 8 of 2017 on purchases, tenders, biddings, and warehouses applies in Sharjah.

Vietnam

Government procurement in Vietnam is regulated by the Law on Public Procurement (Law on Bidding), 43/2013/QH13, approved on 26 November 2013, effective 1 July 2014, and Decree No 63/2014/ND-CP dated 15 August 2014. The Law on Bidding replaced earlier legislation (2005) and 2009 amendments.

The various government ministries and agencies have different rules on minimum values for the purchase of goods and services which must be subject to competitive bidding. Vietnam has observer status with respect to the Government Procurement Agreement.

Caribbean Community (CARICOM)

CARICOM Single Market and Economy (CSME) is working towards a single public procurement regime across the whole of the CARICOM membership. As a result, Belize, Guyana and Jamaica have made reforms to their public procurement processes.

Italy

Price review clauses

Romania

Public procurement in Romania is governed by

Prior to

emergency ordinances were in place.

Tenderers and other economic operators who wish to challenge public procurement decisions are required to submit a payment in the form of a 'good conduct guarantee' based on 1% of the estimated value of the proposed contract. In September 2016 the European Court of Justice ruled that

.

Inter-American Network on Government Procurement

The Inter-American Network on Government Procurement or Red Interamericana de Compras Gubernamentales (INGP) was established in 2003 by the countries of the Americas, as "a mechanism for regional technical cooperation" in the field of public sector procurement. The directors of the national governmental institutions with the highest level of responsibility for the regulation, management and modernisation of government procurement in 33 member countries within Latin America, the Caribbean and Canada are members of the network. The statutes of the network were approved by the members of the INGP meeting in Panama City in 2008.

Pseudo Dynamic Purchasing System.

Central purchasing bodies

[Add within Government procurement in the European Union]

A central purchasing body is

provided for in Article 37 of the Directive. This article also specifies that "all procurement procedures conducted by a central purchasing body shall be performed using electronic means of communication".

In the United Kingdom, examples include Crown Commercial Service, local authority consortia such as Eastern Shires Purchasing Organisation (ESPO) and Yorkshire Purchasing Organisation (YPO), and consortia operating in the higher and further education sectors: APUC (in Scotland), Crescent Purchasing Consortium (CPC), London Universities Purchasing Consortium (LUPC), North Eastern Universities Purchasing Consortium (NEUPC), North Western Universities Purchasing Consortium (NWUPC), and Southern Universities Purchasing Consortium (SUPC).

Educational procurement

Procurement of goods and services in an educational setting allows schools, colleges and universities to acquire the goods and services they need in order to educate their students and develop their organisations. Practices vary on a global basis reflecting local regulations, whether the institution concerned is in the public or private sector, and the extent to which educational institutions are subject to public sector procurement rules in the country concerned.

In the United Kingdom, a 2006 report by the National Audit Office on "improving procurement" commented that in the further education sector, where procurement practice was not well developed and college organisations were relatively small, oversight of procurement by the Director of Finance was a typical arrangement. The report was concerned with the potential to achieve savings in expenditure based on the UK's Gershon Review of 2003-4, where overall savings of £75m. were anticipated in the further education sector. The NAO agreed that this level of savings was "achievable" and called on colleges to develop "a professional approach" to their procurement activity.

A number of purchasing consortia operate in the higher and further education sectors: APUC (in Scotland), and Crescent Purchasing Consortium (CPC), based in Salford, the London Universities Purchasing Consortium (LUPC), North Eastern Universities Purchasing Consortium (NEUPC), North Western Universities Purchasing Consortium (NWUPC), and Southern Universities Purchasing Consortium (SUPC), in England and Wales. The Department for Education provides specialist procurement help for schools in England.

In the United States and Canada, the National Association of Educational Procurement (NAEP) brings together procurement professionals working in the education sector. The NAEP was established in the 1920's, and its national office is located in Oklahoma City. A report published in 2010 by NAEP, the American Association of State Colleges and Universities (AASCU) and Huron Consulting Group argues that college and university procurement was an area "rich for reform" and offering "cost-saving opportunities". Although there was some indications of change, the evidence from the survey raised concerns that some American state procurement policies worked against instititions' ability to maximise their purchasing power, and that some states made it difficult for colleges to take part in cooperative purchasing schemes and to negotiate better deals.

External links

• National Association of Educational Procurement

Category: Procurement Category: Educational organizations

Warehouse slotting

The Chartered Institute of Procurement & Supply defines warehouse slotting as "the process of assigning identity codes to picking locations based on various criteria such as unit sales, size or weight".

Fertile Crescent

An area across the upper arch of the crescent is known as the Hurrian Ledge.

Jasper

In Revelation 4:3, the One seated on the heavenly throne seen in the vision of John the apostle is said to have an appearance "like jasper and carnelian". Swiss Protestant theologian Benedictus Aretius suggested the reference is to the green variety of jasper.

Verse 8

New King James Version:

A highway shall be there, and a road,

And it shall be called the Highway of Holiness.

Application

American revivalist preacher Jonathan Edwards used the image of the Highway of Holiness in a well-known 1722 sermon.

In 2007, a group of American Pentecostals adopted Isaiah's term, "a highway for holiness" as an inspiration for prayer along the modern I-35. Leader Cindy Jacobs, said:

One day we were praying, and we were reading Isaiah 35, verse 8, which talks about a highway for holiness. "And we were thinking, 'Wouldn't it be wonderful if along this Highway 35 here, ... there was a special time where God just touched everybody that lives in all parts of this highway?'

Revelation 13:1

εσταθην: Textus Receptus, Scrivener (1894), translated as "I stood" by Moses Lowman,; in the Jerusalem Bible (1966) (as Revelation 12:8, "I was standing", recognising "he stood" as an alternative);

εσταθη: Westcott-Hort, Tregelles (1857-1872), SBL Greek New Testament (as Revelation 12:8), translated as "he stood", in the American Standard Version, Disciples' Literal New Testament (2011)

Disciples Literal New Testament

The Disciples' Literal New Testament (full title: Disciples' Literal New Testament: Serving Modern Disciples by More Fully Reflecting the Writing Style of the Ancient Disciples) was published in 2011.

Wesley: "the grand depositum" of the Methodist faith,

List of Methodist Church districts and circuits

Bedfordshire, Essex and Hertfordshire District

Circuit	Number of churches	Notes
Bishop's Stortford Circuit	4	Churches in Bishop's Stortford, Braughing, Clavering (CoE/Meth/URC) and Stansted Free Church (Meth/URC).
Chelmsford Circuit	13	Churches are: Trinity MC, Chelmsford, Moulsham Lodge MC, Chelmsford, Broomfield MC, St Augustine of Canterbury CoE/Methodist Church, Springfield, Hall Street MC, Chelmsford, Holy Trinity, South Woodham Ferrers (Meth/URC),, Christ Church, Braintree (Meth/URC), Maldon MC, Witham MC, The Church in Great Notley (CoE/Baptist/Meth/URC in associate partnership with the Roman Catholic Church), Halstead MC, Hatfield Peverel MC and Christ Church, Coggeshall (BU/Meth/URC).
Colchester Circuit	11	Churches are: The Ark, Boxted, Castle, Fingringhoe, Lexden, Mersea Island, Mile End, Tollgate, West Bergholt, Wimpole Road and Wivenhoe
Herts and Essex Border Ecumenical Area		Formed by the merger of the Lea Valley North Methodist Circuit and the West Essex United Area (Anglican / URC) on 10 September 2006. Churches are: Church Langley LEP, Ongar
North Bedfordshire Circuit		Churches are: Ampthill, Anjulita Court (a care home operated by MHA), London Road, Bedford, Park Road, Bedford, Priory, Bedford (part of Goldington Churches Together), Putnoe Heights, Bedford, Beeston Trinity, Biggleswade, Cardington, Clapham, Clophill, Cranfield, Flitwick, Haynes, Henlow, Kempston East, Kempston West, Langford, Lidlington, Oakley, Sandy, Sharnbrook, Shefford, Stewartby, Upper Caldecote, Willington, Wilstead and Wootton.
North Hertfordshire Circuit		Churches are: Arlesey, Baldock, Knebworth, the Shared Church of All Saints, Stevenage (Methodist/Anglican), High Street, Stevenage, and Stotfold
St Albans and Welwyn Circuit		Churches are: Hatfield Road and Marlborough Road churches in St. Albans, Ludwick Way Methodist Church, Welwyn Garden City

Chester & Stoke-on-Trent District

North Cheshire Circuit North Staffiordshire Stoke on Trent Mission Circuit Stoke on Trent North Circuit Stoke on Trent South Circuit

Circuit	Number of churches	Notes
Cheshire South Circuit
Dane and Trent Circuit
Market Drayton Circuit		Churches are Ashley Methodist Church, Hinstock Methodist Church, Market Drayton Methodist Church
Mid-Cheshire Circuit

Winchester, Eastleigh and Romsey Circuit, sixteen churches in Hampshire and Wiltshire.

Yorkshire West District

Circuit	Number of churches	Notes
Aire and Calder Circuit	31	Churches are: Ackworth, Airedale,, Altofts, Central Methodist Church Pontefract, Crigglestone, Featherstone, Horbury, Kippax, Trinity Methodist Church Castleford,
Bradford North Circuit
Bradford South Circuit
Leeds North and East Circuit
Leeds South and West Circuit

The Wesley Singers

Table of biblical judges

Judge	Sequence	Major or Minor	Bible Reference	Tribe	Father	Birthplace	Enemy Nation(s)	Death	Burial	Years of Judging
Othniel	1	Major	Judges 3:9-11	Judah	Kenaz		Aramites		Hebron	40
Ehud	2	Major	Judges 3:12-28	Benjamin	Gera the Benjaminite		Moabites
Shamgar	3	Both	Judges 3:31		Anath		Philistines			Not known
Deborah	4	Major	Judges 4				Canaanites			40
Gideon	5	Major	Judges 6-8	Manasseh	Joash of Abiezer		Midianites
Tola	6	Minor	Judges 10:1-2; 1 Chronicles 7:1	Issachar	Puah			Shamir		23
Jair	7	Minor	Judges 10:3-5	Manasseh	Segub					45
Jephthah	8	Both	Judges 11-12	Manasseh or Gad
Ibzan	9	Minor	Judges 12:8-10	Zebulon ?						7
Elon	10	Minor	Judges 12:11-12						Elon in Zebulon	10
Abdon	11	Minor	Judges 12:13-15		Hillel of Pirathon				Pirathon in Ephraim	8
Samson	12	Major	Judges 13-16	Dan
Eli	13		1 Samuel
Samuel	14		1 Samuel

Son of Tabeel

A son of Tabeel (also Tabel, Tabael or Tubal) is mentioned in Isaiah 7:6 as a potential puppet king to be appointed to rule the kingdom of Judah in place of king Ahaz. According to the Pulpit Commentary, Tab-ill appears to be a Syrian name, founded upon the same pattern as Tab-rimmon (1 Kings 15:18), meaning "God is good". Pekah, king of Israel, and Rezin, king of Syria, had formed a coalition of states to resist the growing power of Assyria and sought to involve the kingdom of Judah in their alliance. Isaiah visits Ahaz to warn him of the plot.

Several medieval Jewish commentators argue that the son of Tabeel was an important official, either of Israel or of Aram, but they differ on the exact interpretation of the name "Tabeel". One view (shared by Rashi, Kimḥi and Ibn Ezra) translates the name as "the one good for us", following the Targum: in other words, Tabeel can be seen as an abbreviation for ha-tov 'elenu.

Oracle against Babylon

The cities of Ar and Kir are destroyed in a single night, and silence covers the land of Moab. The people of Dibon climb the hill to weep at the shrine. The people of Moab wail in grief over the cities of Nebo and Medeba; they have shaved their heads and their beards in grief. The people in the streets are dressed in sackcloth; in the city squares and on the rooftops people mourn and cry. The people of Heshbon and Elealeh cry out, and their cry can be heard as far away as Jahaz. Even the soldiers tremble; their courage is gone. My heart cries out for Moab! The people have fled to the town of Zoar, and to Eglath Shelishiyah. Some climb the road to Luhith, weeping as they go; some escape to Horonaim, grieving loudly. Nimrim Brook is dry, the grass beside it has withered, and nothing green is left. The people go across the Valley of Willows, trying to escape with all their possessions. Everywhere at Moab's borders the sound of crying is heard. It is heard at the towns of Eglaim and Beerelim. At the town of Dibon the river is red with blood, and God has something even worse in store for the people there. Yes, there will be a bloody slaughter of everyone left in Moab. (223 words)

Expanded Bible

https://www.biblegateway.com/versions/Expanded-Bible-EXB/

Its editors state that this translation "incorporates within each line the information one would find in a variety of Bible reference works, making it possible to read and study the Bible at the same time". The biblical scholars responsible for the notes are Tremper Longman III, Mark L. Strauss and David Taylor.

The Ministry of Pensions operated hospitals at Beckett Park (Leeds), later moved to Chapel Allerton Hospital, Queen Alexandra Hospital in Portsmouth and Dunston Hill Hospital in Newcastle, later moved to Dunston Hill in Gateshead.

1 Kings 12:24 a-z is a supplementary passage appearing in the Septuagint version of the First Book of Kings after verse 12:24, which is not present in the Masoretic text. The Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges describes the passage as having "many peculiarities".

Isaiah 52

Variant readings

Verse 13: Behold, my servant shall prosper (Geneva Bible, ISV, NASB, RSV and NRSV) Lo! my servant shall understand (Wycliffe Bible, Brenton's Septuagint Translation) Behold, My Servant shall deal prudently (KJV, NKJV, Darby) My servant will be successful (GW, GNT: My servant will succeed in his task) See, My Servant will act wisely (Holman, NIV, YLT)

John Skinner suggests that "prosper" or "succeed" are the more appropriate terms: "i.e. his career shall be crowned with complete success", incorporating "the success which is the normal result of wise action". Theologian Andrew B. Davidson suggests that the verse is "a simple prediction of the exaltation awaiting the Servant, in contrast with his past sorrows and abasement".

Verse 15: So shall He sprinkle many nations (NKJV, Robert Lowth's translation) American theologian Albert Barnes notes that "the word rendered here sprinkle (Hebrew: יזה yazzeh) has been very variously rendered". Bishop Lowth writes "I retains [this] common rendering, though I am by no means satisfied with it". p.363. Methodist founder John Wesley suggests that "sprinkle" refers to the servant sharing "his word or doctrine; which being often compared to rain or water, may be said to be sprinkled, as it is said to be dropped". So shall He startle many nations (NKJV alternative wording, International Standard Version) So shall many nations express admiration (Greek: θαυμάσονται, thaumasontai) at him. Thus shall many nations wonder at him (Brenton's Septuagint Translation) But it is also true that many nations will be amazed at him (ERV}

Contemporary developments

Derby Conference, 1993

A Lamp to my Feet and a Light to my Path

The report A Lamp to my Feet and a Light to my Path was received at the Conference in 1998

Living with Contradictory Convictions

The 2005 conference asked the Faith and Order Committee to "reflect upon the theological implications of being a Church that has to live or contend with different and mutually contradictory convictions".

Our Calling

Our Calling is a Methodist Church statement outlining a vision of what the church exists for. Our Calling was prompted by discussion at the 1999 annual conference and adopted after a period of consultation at the 2000 conference. According to this statement, the church describes the calling of its members, "to respond to the gospel of God's love in Christ and to live out its the discipleship in worship and mission". Accordingly, the Church exists to:

• Increase the awareness of God’s presence and celebrate God’s love (Worship)
• Help people to grow and learn as Christians, through mutual support and care (Learning and Caring)
• Be a good neighbour to people in need and to challenge injustice (Service)
• Make more followers of Jesus Christ (Evangelism)

The development of the statement was initiated by a Strategic Goals Planning Group, but at an early date a decision was made to replace this type of language with a "more suggestive vocabulary: a vision of what the Church is for and where we are going".

A Methodist Way of Life

A discussion paper on Reaffirming Our Calling was presented during the Methodist Conference of 2018. A key aspect of this reaffirmation was a willingness to adopt certain "focussed priorities", and in this paper, the initial ideas for a Methodist Way of Life (MWOL) were put forward.

Covenants of care (2107) Covenants of Care were introduced in the year 2000 as a way to manage, safely and pastorally, the presence of known sex offenders who wanted to worship within the Methodist Church. The Methodist Council accepted a report in 2017 which recommended replacing the term "Covenants of Care" with "Safeguarding Contracts".

The Methodist Church adopted an undertaking, A Methodist Way of Life (MWOL) in 2018, which picks up the Our Calling themes, stating that:

As far as we are able, with God’s help:

• Worship
  • We will pray daily.
  • We will worship with others regularly.
  • We will look and listen for God in Scripture, and the world.
• Learning and Caring
  • We will care for ourselves and those around us.
  • We will learn more about our faith.
  • We will practise hospitality and generosity.
• Service
  • We will help people in our communities and beyond.
  • We will care for creation and all God’s gifts.
  • We will challenge injustice.
• Evangelism
  • We will speak of the love of God.
  • We will live in a way that draws others to Jesus.
  • We will share our faith with others.

A study guide entitled Finding the Way was published in 2020.

Year of Prayer

The 2020 Conference declared 2020/2021 a year of prayer, promoted "so that our Church-wide commitments to evangelism, church growth, church at the margins, and pioneering and church planting will flow from a deep, contemplative orientation to God’s grace and love".

The Conference has declared 2020/2021 a year of prayer so that our Church-wide commitments to evangelism, church growth, church at the margins, and pioneering and church planting will flow from a deep, contemplative orientation to God’s grace and love.;God in Love Unites Us

The God for All strategy expects every circuit to be designing, planning and implementing a Church at the Margins project by 2025/6.

En space:  

Zeal (Christian)

Christian zeal refers to a vehement desire when "passions are moved on a religious account, whether for any good thing, or against any thing we conceive to be evil".

In Acts 5:17, the narrator states that the high priest and the leaders of the Sadducees were "επλησθησαν ζηλου" (eplesthesan zelou), jealous or envious of the Apostles' teaching, "perhaps referring to their religious zeal", according to the Expanded Bible.

James Childress describes Christian "zeal" as "not a common word now", referring to the word having "a positive sense", "praiseworthy zeal", which has been replaced by "enthusiasm", and a negative sense, in which it is may be thought of as "fanaticism". Methodist founder John Wesley, likewise, distinguishes "right zeal from wrong", also noting that in his day, there were "exceeding few treatises on the subject". A sermon preached by Thomas Sprat, Bishop of Rochester, is the only one he could recall.

Stub:Christianity

Meekness

• Methodist founder John Wesley speaks of meekness as serenity, associating it with true Christian zeal, cooling the "heat" of zealotry: as the wax melteth at the fire, so before this sacred flame all turbulent passions melt away, and leave the soul unruffled and serene.

See also

• Diligence in Christianity

Pierre-Maurice Bogaert

Pierre-Maurice Bogaert is a Belgian Benedictine monk of Maredsous Abbey and a biblical scholar who has written extensively on the Old Testament.

Born in Brussels in 1934, he studied theology and exegesis at Louvain, Strasbourg, Jerusalem and Rome.

In 2005, he was awarded the Burkitt Medal for biblical studies by the British Academy.

Ses recherches portent sur la transmission ancienne de la Bible (Septante, en particulier Jérémie, Bible latine, traductions françaises). Depuis 1964, il publie le Bulletin de la Bible latine dans la Revue Bénédictine (which he has edited since 2000).

He has studied and written on the Lobbes Bible of 1084, and contributed to the New Cambridge History of the Bible.

Job 6–7

Chapters 6 and 7 of the Book of Job are ostensibly Job's response to Eliphaz, his first "friend". Job is "not at all convinced" by Eliphaz' words in chapters 4 and 5.

Job begins with an apology for his words, which have been "rash", or perhaps "careless", and begs that the depth of feeling in his expression "may be ascribed to the great multitude and sharpness of his afflictions". Whereas Eliphaz has tried to offer hope of healing, advising:

In your place, I would appeal to God, and to God I would state my plea.
Thus the needy have hope.

Job tells his friends "that his petition to God should be of a quite different nature, namely, that [God] would be pleased to cut him off speedily; for that the desperateness of his condition would by no means permit him to hope for any amendment".

In chapter 7, Job expounds further his "passionate longing for death".

Verse 1

Is there not a time of hard service for man on earth?

Are not his days also like the days of a hired man?

The Hebrew wording, tzaba, refers to military service, and in the Latin Vulgate, the same reference is made to the life of a soldier or a mercenary, Militia est vita hominis super terram, et sicut dies mercenarii dies ejus. The Douai-Rheims wording reflects this image: The life of man upon earth is a warfare, whereas the King James Version reads Is there not an appointed time to man upon earth? Referring to the latter wording, Benson observes that "our own translation appears to be as agreeable to the Hebrew, and to contain as good sense, as any other".

Verse 17

What is man, that You should exalt him,

That You should set Your heart on him.

The author "seems to echo phrases from Psalm 8".

Verse 20

Have I sinned? What have I done to You, O watcher of men? Why have You set me as Your target, So that I am a burden to myself?

In place of the query, "have I sinned", some translations read "I have sinned" (e.g. King James Version), "If I have sinned" (e.g. American Standard Version), or "Suppose I have sinned" (e.g. Jerusalem Bible).

Bildad

Job 8

Verse 2

Job's "boisterous and violent words" do not permit "the voice of truth and wisdom" to be heard, just as a strong wind "overturns all things without any moderation, and suffers nothing else to be heard".

Verse 3

Does God pervert justice?

Does the Almighty pervert what is right?

Rhetorical questions

Verse 14

What they trust in is fragile;

what they rely on is a spider’s web.

The meaning of the Hebrew word "fragile" is uncertain.

Job 18

Benson

Several things in Job’s last discourse deeply offended Bildad: Davidson

Job 9–10

Chapters 9 and 10 of the Book of Job contain Job's reply to the first speech of Bildad, the second of his "friends" or "comforters".

Verse 21

“I am blameless, yet I do not know myself;

I despise my life.

James L. Crenshaw suggests that Job is "confident he is blameless, though lacking any knowledge of higher confirmation of this", and notes that this loathing of his life is linked to his lack of self-knowledge and not just to his multiple sufferings.

Verse 33

Nor is there any mediator between us,

Who may lay his hand on us both.

The New King James Version treats the words of this verse, "there is no mediator", as the key point of this chapter.

Chapter 10

Although Job's words are spoken to his "friends", they are intended for God to hear. For the New American Bible, his words are intended to "remind" God of what God already knows. For Crenshaw, Job's loathing for his life (Job 9:33) gives him the impetus to "speak freely to God". In doing so, he describes God's actions as:

• cruel
• irrational
• immoral.

Job 12–14

Job 12–14 are three chapters in the biblical Book of Job in which the central character speaks uninterrupted. Having heard his three friends' first speeches in the preceding chapters, Job replies to them.

Chapter 12 opens with sarcasm: No doubt you are the people, and wisdom will die with you. For the Jerusalem Bible, these three chapters relate entirely to "God's wisdom". Twice in this section, Job states his equality with his friends with respect to knowledge, in Job 12:3 and again in 13:2. Commentator Andrew B. Davidson suggests that Job 13:2 is specifically an answer to Zophar, his third friend, who in Job 11:6 has said

Know therefore that God exacts from you less than your iniquity deserves.

Verse 6

The tents of robbers prosper,

And those who provoke God are secure —

In what God provides by His hand.

J. L. Crenshaw suggests that the meaning of this verse is "not entirely clear. Does it refer to idolatry? Or should one understand the subject as God, who empowers egregious sinners?"

Chapter 13

Verse 4:

But you forgers of lies,

You are all worthless physicians.

Davidson describes the friends' explanation of Job's troubles as "false as well as feeble".

Verses 20–28

Following a "stinging rebuke to his friends", in the second half of this chapter "Job turns from them unto God. The remainder of this chapter and the whole of chapter 14 are addressed directly to God.

Chapter 14

An "elegy on human misery" according to the Jerusalem Bible.

Verse 1

Man who is born of woman

Is of few days and full of trouble.

The brevity of human life and its "labour and sorrow" are similarly expressed in Psalm 39:5 and Psalm 90:9-10.

Job 16–17

In Job 16–17, in the biblical Book of Job, Job replies to Eliphaz, and his companions, his "miserable comforters", during the second of three cycles of dialogue about Job's sufferings. Andrew B. Davidson notes that Job, in chapters 13–14, has addressed God directly and might have hoped for a response from God, but instead it is Eliphaz who has spoken next: Job's appeal to God remains unanswered.

This section "consists of four somewhat unequal sections":

• Job 16:1–5: Job expresses his weariness with his friends' monotonous speeches, which have contained nothing, and justifies against the complaint of Eliphaz (Job 15:11) his rejection of them;
• Job 16:6–17: he gives a touching picture of his sorrowful isolation, and of the enmity with which God and men pursued him, though he was innocent of all wrong;
• Job 16:18–17:9: but this cruel fate, which both brings him to death and affixes to him the stigma of wickedness, cannot for ever prevail over him. He shall die under the imputation of guilt, but his blood will cry for reparation, filling earth and heaven with its voice, until he be vindicated. He has a Witness in heaven who will testify for him, even God as He is in heart; and he appeals unto God that He would do justice to him with God and between him and men—and even that He would not let him die without some token to this effect (Job 16:21, Job 17:3).
• Job 17:10–16 (source text corrected), coming back to what is the ground tone of this speech, his certainty of a speedy death under God’s hand, Job repudiates as mere folly the glowing hopes of restoration in this life which his friends held out to him. He knows better; he shall die, his hope is in the grave.

Verse 2

I have heard many such things;

Miserable comforters are you all!

These words are a reply to the query of Eliphaz, Are the consolations (or comforts) of God too small for you? in Job 15:11.

Chapter 17, verses 3–4

Now put down a pledge for me with Yourself.

Who is he who will shake hands with me?

⁴For You have hidden their heart from understanding;

Therefore You will not exalt them.

Job addresses God and seeks a pledge or promise from God. David Stern suggests the wording, "Be my guarantor, yourself!". Job attributes his friends' closed minds to divine intervention, and therefore thinks that God owes him something.

Verse 13

If I wait for the grave as my house,

If I make my bed in the darkness,

The description of Sheol as a house gains meaning for James Crenshaw "when one realizes that ossuaries were shaped like houses".

Job 19

Job 19, in the biblical Book of Job, contains Job's response to his friend Bildad's second speech. In contains, in verse 25, the text For I know that my Redeemer lives, and He shall stand at last on the earth, which has played an important part in Christian and Jewish interpretation of the book and its meaning. Continuing to plead his own innocence and his wrongful treatment by God, Job asks his friends why they persecute him "as God does". Anglican clergyman William Dodd writes that Job

was assured a day was coming in which all his afflictions would be fully recompensed, and in which they would wish that they had treated him in a more friendly manner; though he questioned whether that would suffice to avert God’s judgments from them.

Job 21

Job 21, in the biblical Book of Job, contains Job's response to his friend Zophar the Naamathite's speech or sermon on the wicked in Job 20. One chapter of 34 verses is sufficient for this response.

Speaking freely and demanding attention, Job expresses a view of the moral universe which is the opposite of the traditional view of the universe which his friends put forward, and which they have taken for granted: Job describes the good fortune of the wicked in the terms which his three friends had believed was reserved for good people. He knows "how outrageous his remarks will sound"; he "anticipates their mockery":

Bear with me that I may speak, and after I have spoken, keep mocking.

Job 23–24

In Job 23–24, in the biblical Book of Job, Job responds to Eliphaz the Temanite's speech in Job 22 without directly addressing the condemnation of his friend's speech. Job "proclaims God’s Righteous Judgments", but his opening words are

Even today my complaint is bitter.

Some texts state "my complaint is rebellion", which may be read as "my complaint is [accounted] rebellion".

Job 23:2b

My hand is listless because of my groaning.

This part-verse has proved difficult to translate. According to Scottish theologian Andrew Davidson, "the text is probably faulty".

Job 24:1

Since times are not hidden from the Almighty,

Why do those who know Him see not His days?

God's name, the Almighty, is used frequently in the Book of Job.

Davidson, using Scottish legal terminology, suggests that by "times" and "days", Job means diets of assize for sitting in judgment and dispensing right among men. In summary, "the Divine Rectitude which Job misses in his own instance he equally misses on the broad field of the World". He turns from his own history and surveys that of the people around him, and as his own instance illustrated the misery of the just, the instances about him illustrate the felicity, the long-continued power, the freedom from visitation by God, and the natural death of the wicked.

Verse 25

“Now if it is not so, who will prove me a liar, and make my speech worth nothing?”

Job is "sure of his facts".

Job 25

Bildad's third speech is brief, just five verses. There is no subsequent speech from Zophar the Naamathite which would round off the arguments of the three friends. Davidson suggests "the controversy has exhausted itself". James Crenshaw notes that "the narrator gives no clue that the friends have run out of anything to say".

he dismisses suggestions that "the author never actually completed the third cycle of speeches but merely provided provisional notes for future reference" suggests that the text is "in disarray". In his opinion, Job 26:5-14 and Job 28 are insertions into the original text.

Job 26–31

In Job 26–31, six chapters in the biblical Book of Job, Job makes a series of speeches in reply to, and concluding, the debate with his three friends or comforters who have visited him in his distress. The New King James Version initiates and summarises these chapters as follows:

• Job 26:1: "But Job answered and said:"
• Job 27:1: "Moreover Job continued his discourse, and said:"
• Job 28: Chapter heading: Job’s Discourse on Wisdom
• Job 29:1: Chapter heading: Job’s Summary Defense (continuing into Job 30). Verse 1: "Job further continued his discourse, and said:"
• Job 31: Chapter heading: Job Defends His Righteousness
• Job 31:40b: The words of Job are ended.

Franz Delitzsch notes that the friends remain silent, while Job stands "master of the discourse".

James Crenshaw argues that Job 26:5-14 and Job 28 are insertions added into the original text.

Job 26

Job 2 is "perhaps to be read as Job’s reply to Bildad’s short speech" in Job 25:2–6, but Crenshaw distinguishes between verses 2-4, a reply addressed to Bildad alone, and verses 5-14, a hymn touching on the mythology of creation.

Verse 2

How have you helped him who is without power?

How have you saved the arm that has no strength?

A. R. Faussett: "without power … no strength … no wisdom": the writer has used the negatives instead of the positives, powerlessness, etc., "designedly".

Keil and D: the powerless one is Job himself

Crenshaw: "the syntax permits one to take the negatives as references to Bildad: 'How you have helped, without strength!... How you have counselled, without wisdom?"

Job 27

Verse 1

Moreover Job continued his discourse, and said:'

The word "discourse" reads as "parable" in the King James Version. The introductory formula here uses the noun mə·šā·lō, usually translated 'proverb', 'likeness', 'analogy', and occasionally 'parable'. The same word is used several times in the account of the prophecies of Balaam in Numbers 23–24

Verse 2

As God lives, who has taken away my justice,

And the Almighty, who has made my soul bitter,

Job's "complex character" is portrayed here: Job swears by God ... that he will not give up his integrity. The oath in the name of the deity who has demonstrated total disregard for justice, in Job's view, corresponds to Job's relentless seeking to face God in a trial, although convinced that the divine Judge twists the truth."

Verses 7-12

A section in which Job insults his friends: they "blow wind": the noun hebel in verse 12, as well as the verb from the same root, h-b-l, means 'breath', hence literally "breathes a breath" or "blows wind"; hence the wording is why do you continue to spew forth such worthless vapor? in the Evangelical Heritage Version. The words are rendered as "complete nonsense" in the New King James Version, "altogether vain" in the Revised Standard Version.

Verse 13

This is the portion of a wicked man with God,

And the heritage of oppressors, received from the Almighty:

Verses 13-23 outline the "portion of a wicked man":

• his children and descendants are destined for the sword, and become the prey of famine and pestilence (verses 13-15);
• his wealth and possessions pass into the hands of the righteous, and his home perishes (verses 16-18); and
• he himself is cut off suddenly by awful calamities at the hand of God, and amidst the execrations of men (verses 19-23).

Andrew B. Davidson notes that "from Job’s hand such a picture can have no meaning, unless either he now anticipates for himself a happy issue out of his afflictions, and restoration to prosperity, while the calamities that befall the wicked are final; or [he] regards his own afflictions, even though they should bring him unto death, as altogether different in their character and marks from those that bring the wicked man to destruction".

Job 28

Job's discourse on wisdom

Job 29-31

Chapters 29-31 conclude Job's discourse, over three sections:

• Chapter 29: "his former happiness", "idyllic past", or a portrait of his former "successful life";
• Chapter 30: "his present misery";
• Chapter 31: his "apologia" or "oath of innocence".

Chapter 29

Verses 2-6: a "family scene": "When my children were round me" recalls the opening verses of chapter 1.

Chapter 30

Job contrasts the "honour of his former condition" with "the vileness of his present state". Andrew B. Davidson divides this chapter into four sections:

• Job 30:1-8, a picture of the base and miserable race of men who now hold him in contempt.
• Job 30:9-15, a description of the indignities to which he is subjected at their hands.
• Job 30:16-23, an account of the condition to which he is reduced; his despondency of mind, his gnawing pains, and the terrible severity of God under which he suffers.
• Job 30:24-31, a final contrast between his present unpitied, joyless condition and former days, when he himself was full of compassion for them in trouble and when his life was filled with music and gladness.

In Joseph Benson's opinion, verses 1-8 are "an exaggerated description of the vileness of those to whom he was now become a derision, notwithstanding all his former authority".

Verse 1

But now they mock at me, men younger than I,

Whose fathers I disdained to put with the dogs of my flock.

Benson suggests a reading of "Whose fathers I might have disdained".

Verse 4

Who pluck mallow by the bushes, and broom tree roots for their food.

Juniper roots in the King James Version.

Chapter 31

The Jerusalem Bible describes Job's apologia as "Old Testament morality at its best". The contents of Psalm 26 record a similar theme. This chapter may be structured as follows:

• Verses 1-12: personal life: Job has made a "covenant with his eyes"
• Verses 13-15: treatment of his servants
• Verses 16-23: Job's "kindness to the poor and the afflicted"
• Verses 24-28: his discharge of "the duty he owed to God"
• Verses 29-40a: other offences of which Job says he is innocent.

Verse 1

“I have made a covenant with my eyes;

Why then should I look upon a young woman?

The first virtue of his private life to which Job refers is chastity. The Expanded Bible notes the wording "I cut a covenant",

Job 32-37

[Add to Elihu (Job)]

Job 32

Elihu contradicts Job's friends.

Verse 6

"I am young in years, and you are very old;

Therefore I was afraid,

And dared not declare my opinion to you."

American theologian Albert Barnes notes that the Hebrew wording is "I am small (צעיר tsâ‛ı̂yr) of days", that is, "I am inexperienced". He adds, "We have no means of ascertaining his exact age, though it is evident that there was a considerable disparity between them [the three friends] and him".

Verse 8

"He had said, in the previous verse, that it was reasonable to expect to find wisdom among the aged and the experienced. But in this he had been disappointed. He now finds that wisdom is not the attribute of rank or station, but that it is the gift of God, and therefore it may be found in a youth".

Job 33

Elihu contradicts Job.

Job 34

Elihu proclaims God's justice.

Job 35

Elihu condemns self-righteousness.

Job 36-37

There is no natural division between chapter 36 and chapter 37. The Jerusalem Bible describes Job 32:22-33:24 as "a hymn to God's wisdom and omnipotence". In these verses, Elihu proclaims God’s goodness and majesty. The conclusion to Elihu's speeches moves slowly away from Job's flaws to concentrate more fully on God's character and majesty.

In verses 2-4, Elihu claims the right "to speak on God’s behalf".

Verse 6

He does not preserve the life of the wicked,

But gives justice to the oppressed.

A "proverbial saying".

Verse 22

Behold, God is exalted by His power;

Who teaches like Him?

A "decisive shift in the tenor of the speeches takes place, one that anticipates the divine disclosure in chapter 38. Crenshaw notes similarities between the final speeches of Elihu and God's speeches in the following chapters.

Job 37

God's work and wisdom. Elihu's view of God.

Verse 14

Listen to all this, Job: no backsliding now!

Meditate on God's wonders.

From here to the end of his speech, Elihu "makes a final appeal to Job to acknowledge his own weakness and God's perfection and unsearchableness, and to bow down in wonder and adoration before him".

Verse 15

Do you know when God dispatches them,

And causes the light of His cloud to shine?

"The light of his cloud" may refer to lightning, or to rainbows.

Job 38-42

Chapters 38-42 of the Book of Job are the final five chapters of the biblical book about the sufferings of its central character, Job, constituting "the last act of the drama", a "dramatic climax".

In both Job 38:1 and 40:6, God answers Job "out of the whirlwind". Elihu has mentioned the whirlwind as a warm wind coming from the south (Job 37:9), although Andrew B. Davidson suggests that "the storm is not necessarily that which Elihu describes".

Theologian James L. Crenshaw suggests that the encounter with God in these chapters is looked at from Job's perspective, for running through all his earlier speeches has been a desire to speak with God regarding his sufferings. Crenshaw suggests that God's speeches "[contain] no surprise" for Job, as "he expected to encounter power", but "the divine speeches do not measure up to advanced billing. Instead of resolving the matter of Job's innocence, they completely ignore the problem." John Nelson Darby also notes that there is no reference made to Satan, with whom God has made an arrangement in chapters 1 and 2 allowing Satan to inflict sufferings on Job.

God's speech falls into two sections, Job 38:2-40:2 and Job 40:6-41:34. Job replies briefly in Job 40:3-5, and more fully in Job 42:2-6. The final verses of the book, Job 42:7-17, constitute an "epilogue": a rebuke of Job's three friends, Eliphaz, Bildad and Zophar, in verses 7-9, and the restoration of Job in verses 10-17. At the end, "Job is surrounded with more blessings than before".

Chapter 40

Verse 15

Main article: Behemoth

Look now at the behemoth, which I made along with you;

He eats grass like an ox.

The behemoth is "a large animal, exact identity unknown". The Living Bible refers to this animal as a hippopotamus; Crenshaw suggests alternatively that it may be a water-buffalo.

Verse 19

He [Behemoth] is the first of the ways of God;

Only He who made him can bring near His sword.

This powerful creature is called 'the first of the ways of God'; a similar description is given to Wisdom in Proverbs 8:22.

Chapter 41

See also: Leviathan

God's speech draws to its conclusion, describing the Leviathan and more specifically, God's power over it.

Chapter 42

Verses 1-6 contain Job’s reply to the second "Address from the Storm". With "deep compunction he retracts his past words and repents in dust and ashes".

Verse 2

I know that You can do everything,

And that no purpose of Yours can be withheld from You.

In the King James Version, the words are "no thought can be withholden from thee". "The meaning is that there is no purpose which the Almighty cannot carry out. Though literally the words seem merely an acknowledgement of power, they are also an admission of wisdom." However, "Job does not, as might have been expected, acknowledge the Divine righteousness".

New American Bible Revised Edition

Footnote.

Grimm

cf. Thayer Institutio theologiae dogmaticae

Johannes Wichelhaus

Johannes Wichelhaus (born 13 January 1819 in Mettmann, died 14 February 1858 in Halle (Saale)) was an evangelischer Theologe

Biblical references

There are biblical references to the use of sickles in the Torah, in Joel 3:13, in Jesus' parable of the seed growing secretly, and in Revelation 14:19.

Vayeira

Abraham's three visitors are interpreted as the Holy Trinity in Orthodox Christian theology.

Vengeance

The Hebrew Bible stated that the people of Israel should not be a vengeful people:

You shall not take vengeance, nor bear any grudge against the children of your people, but you shall love your neighbor as yourself. (Leviticus 19:18)

Daughter of my people

Verse 11

At that time it will be said

to this people and to Jerusalem,

“A dry wind of the desolate heights blows in the wilderness

toward the daughter of My people

not to fan or to cleanse."

The "daughter of my people" is a Jeremianic appositive genitive phrase, which he uses 9 times (4:11, 6:26, 8:11, 8:19, 8:21, 8:22, 9:1, 9:7, 14:17). The NIV avoids this phrase (toward my people ...). To be understood as stating that God's daughter is God's people, not as a possessive: thus the New American Bible Revised Edition reproduces the phrase as "my daughter, the people" in Jeremiah 4:11.

Verse 3

New King James Version

How that by revelation, He made known to me the mystery (as I have briefly written already) ...

Reformer John Calvin argued that this verse refers to an earlier letter to the Ephesians, now lost, a view which was commonly held at the time when Calvin wrote his biblical commentary.

Verse 5

Ephesians 1:5

Having predestined us to adoption as sons by Jesus Christ to Himself, according to the good pleasure of His will". NKJV

John Paul II adapts and uses this verse in commending ecumenical prayer, "so that in becoming 'sons and daughters in the Son', we might show forth more fully both the mysterious reality of God's fatherhood and the truth about the human nature shared by each and every individual.

Ephesians 3:3

This generation

This generation (Greek: η γενεα αυτη, gen..) is a phrase which, according to the gospels of Matthew, Mark and Luke, was used by Jesus on a number of occasions.

The failure of 'this generation' to accept God's eschatological messengers and recognize 'the deeds of the Messiah' is a key topic in Matthew 11 and 12. In Matthew's Gospel, Jesus uses the phrase six times:

To what shall I liken this generation? It is like children sitting in the marketplaces and calling to their companions, and saying:

‘We played the flute for you,

And you did not dance;

We mourned to you,

And you did not lament.’

The men of Nineveh will rise up in the judgment with this generation and condemn it.

The queen of the South will rise up in the judgment with this generation and condemn it.

... so shall it also be with this wicked generation.

This generation will by no means pass away till all these things take place.

Mark records Jesus' use of the phrase 4 times,

Luke records Jesus' use of the phrase 10 times. "This perverse generation" also figures in Peter's Sermon in Acts 2.

Category:Sayings of Jesus

The thistle and the cedar

The fable of the thistle and the cedar (or cypress) tree is a story told by Jehoash King of Israel recounted in the Hebrew Bible in 2 Kings 14:9–10.

Amaziah sent messengers to Jehoash the son of Jehoahaz, the son of Jehu, king of Israel, saying, “Come, let us face one another in battle”. And Jehoash king of Israel sent to Amaziah king of Judah, saying, “The thistle that was in Lebanon sent to the cedar that was in Lebanon, saying, ‘Give your daughter to my son as wife’; and a wild beast that was in Lebanon passed by and trampled the thistle. You have indeed defeated Edom, and your heart has lifted you up. Glory in that, and stay at home; for why should you meddle with trouble so that you fall, you and Judah with you?” But Amaziah would not heed. Therefore Jehoash king of Israel went out; so he and Amaziah king of Judah faced one another at Beth Shemesh, which belongs to Judah. And Judah was defeated by Israel, and every man fled to his tent.

According to the Jewish historian Josephus, the reply to the challenge was given in a formal letter:

King Joash to King Amaziah [sends greeting]:

Once upon a time there was in Mount Lebanon a very tall cypress, and also there was a thistle. And the thistle sent to the cypress, saying, 'Contract thy daughter in marriage to my son'. And while this was transacting, a wild beast passed by and trod down the thistle. Let this be a warning to thee not to cherish immoderate desires, and not, because thou hast had success against Amalek, to pride thyself thereupon, and so draw down dangers both upon thee and upon thy kingdom.

Biblical commentator Andrew Fausset suggests that the thistle would be better described as a "thorn bush".

[:Category:Fables]]

Places of Worship in Leeds

Allerton Bywater

Allerton Bywater Methodist Church, originally Allerton Bywater Wesleyan Methodist Church, was opened on the 18th February 1915. It was designed by Garside and Pennington, architects, of Castleford and Pontefract, and cost £6,250 to build. The Sunday School building was added and opened on the 17th March 1931 at a cost of £1,795. It was part of the Castleford Methodist Circuit. The chapel closed in July 2011. There was an earlier Methodist Chapel in Allerton Bywater: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering the years 1872 to 2011.

Elmete Trinity Benefice

Part of Elmete Trinity Benefice (which consists of the parishes of All Saints, Barwick in Elmet, St Philip's, Scholes and St Peter's, Thorner). Barwick - done, Scholes and Thorner - to do

Armley

St Hugh's Church, Armley Lodge Road, built in 1909, designed by architects Chorley and Connon. A school was built on the same site, either at the same time or later. The date of closure is unknown but both were still open in 1953. Both church and school have since been converted to apartments ("St Hugh's Lodge" or "St Hughes Lodge").

Bowcliffe Hall, Bramham

Chapel in the grounds to the west of the hall, possibly dating from 15th century although more likely from 19th century with elements from earlier Nostell Priory.

Bramham Park

Bramham Park Chapel

The Chapel, situated at the rear of the house at the end of the Broadwalk, was built around 1760 by James Paine for George Fox Lane in the local Magnesian limestone ashlar. It was constructed in the classical style as a single unit of two storeys and three bays and with a porch and four Ionic columns across the full width of ground floor. Originally built as a Palladian Temple, it was later used as an Orangery and a summerhouse, and then converted for use as a chapel in 1912.

Chapeltown

Agudas Israel (or Agudah) Synagogue, 188 Chapeltown Road., early 1940s to early 1950s

Chassidishe Synagogue, 46 Spencer Place. Ashkenazi Orthodox Jews. Opened in 1935 on the former site of Spencer Hall. Previously at Hope Street.

Gawthorpe (Harewood)

http://harewood.org/about/blog/notes/uncovering-the-past-gawthorpe-hall-dig-at-harewood/ http://www.theposthole.org/read/article/147

Harewood

2-5 The Avenue, grade II* listed 1966, included the former chapel, cottages and bothy for woodsmen of the Harewood Estate, built by John Carr for Edwin Lascelles, first Lord Harewood, and part of Carr's original model village.

Kippax

Kippax Primitive Methodist Chapel Opened on 14th July 1833. A barn was purchased and converted into a chapel and cottage with volunteer labour and help from local farmers. The chapel had a gallery across one end and measured 21'(w) x 30'(l). Opening services were led by William Clowes and J Horsley: the opening is recorded in the Primitive Methodist magazine twice - by William Clowes first submitted the account to the Primitive Methodist magazine in 1833 and then G W Armitage submitted his account in the 1834 magazine. They contain essentially the same information - although Clowes forgets to mention that someone else preached at the opening services, not just him.

Ledsham

St Peter's Church, Anglican, part of the parish of Ledsham with Fairburn

Methley

Methley Zion United Methodist Free Church.

Zion Christian Centre, Stanley, Wakefield, met from 1988 in Methley.

Pudsey

• Trinity Methodists
• Mount Pleasant; on Mount Pleasant Road - the Old Manse is adjacent
• 80 Lowtown, at the junction with The Lanes?

Stanningley

Eleven Lane Ends Primitive Methodist Chapel.

Mabgate

Hope Street Synagogue, Hope Street. Demolished as part of the "Hope Street Improvement Programme" and replaced by Back Nile Street Synagogue (Beth Hamedrash Hagodel Synagogue) in early 1908.

Polish Synagogue (1891-1933) - Byron Street

Hinsley Hall

Chapel

Burley

Burley Lawn United Free Methodist Church, Burley Lawn, adjacent to 211 Burley Road. Closed as a church in 1953: the building was later used as a printworks by Walter Gardham Ltd.

Methodist New Connexion, Ventnor Street

Ventnor Street Methodist Chapel at the corner of Kirkstall Road and Ventnor Street

St Andrew’s Church (an offshoot of St George’s Church) and school, in Cavendish Street at the corner of St Andrew's Street, were built in the 1840s, both now demolished. The site is now occupied by St Andrew's Court. St Andrew's House, formerly the vicarage, a Grade II listed building, was erected in 1882. It was previously listed as located in St Andrew's Street and is now listed as 67 and 67A Burley Street.

St. Simon's Church, Ventnor Street, funded by Edmund Denison-Beckett MP, was demolished as part of a clearance scheme in the 1960s.

City Centre

St. James's Church, Cross York Street, Leeds, a non-parochial chapel under the patronage of the Vicar of Leeds, was known as the "slums church". Closed in February 1949, when its congregation was merged with St Cyprian's. The slums church had no stipend and no set parish. St. James's Hall in New York Street, designed by Thomas Ambler, is still is use.

St James's Hall

Christ Church Central Leeds, part of the Yorkshire Gospel Partnership

Emmanuel Baptist Church Leeds, part of the Yorkshire Gospel Partnership

Holbeck

Holbeck Manor belonged to the priory of the Holy Trinity at York and after the Dissolution of the Monasteries passed to the Darcy and Ingram families. In 1089 a chapel was presented to the priory by a Ralph Pagnell. The chapel was dedicated to St. Catherine and recorded in ancient documents as existing in 809. A further church was built on the same site in the early 18th century and demolished in 1836.

Meynell Street Methodist Mission, Meynell Street, Holbeck. Marriage records cover 1939-1970 according to Leeds Indexers but the church closed in 1938 according to Mollie Falkiner.

Leeds Indexers

Hunslet

Former chapel in Whitehouse Street, now Union Industries.

http://www.leodis.net/display.aspx?resourceIdentifier=200288_28289431 Also known as Baptist Tabernacle, this is the oldest non-conformist chapel in Leeds http://www.leodis.net/display.aspx?resourceIdentifier=200288_16952151

Swarcliffe

Swarcliffe Springs Baptist Church

Thorner

Kirklands, formerly Thorner Methodist Church http://www.geograph.org.uk/photo/3045845

Wetherby

HM Young Offender Institute https://insidetime.org/hmyoi-wetherby-prison-regime-info/

Bramley

During the Medieval period, the monks at Kirkstall Abbey founded a small chapel of ease at Bramley that was dedicated to St Margaret. The chapel was enlarged in 1836 and later had undergone considerable alterations, but was finally closed down in 1861. It was replaced by a new church dedicated to St Peter, built in 1863. This new church was more spacious than the former chapel, and was also in a better location. The old chapel is thought to have stood near Town Street, probably on open land that is adjacent to the Old Unicorn public house. Bramley Baptist Church, Hough Lane http://www.bramleybaptist.org.uk/

Bramley Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses 374A Broad Lane LS13 2AH http://opencharities.org/charities/1066135 Some services are held in Albanian

Leeds Polish Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses https://www.totalgiving.co.uk/charity/leeds-polish-congregation-of-jehovahs-witnesses

Bramley Moriah Primitive Methodist Chapel, The Crescent, off Upper Town Street, Bramley LS13 2EP. West Yorkshire Archive Service Leeds holds records covering 1869-1956. In 1956, the Bramley Moriah Primitive Methodist Chapel, Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Church and Wesley Place Methodist Chapel congregations came together under the one roof to form the current Trinity Methodist society.

Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Church, Bramley. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records including marriage registers dating from 1821 to 1992. In 1956, the Bramley Moriah Primitive Methodist Chapel, Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Church and Wesley Place Methodist Chapel congregations came together under the one roof to form the current Trinity Methodist society.

Christ the King - built on the initiative of the secretary to Bishops Gordon and Cowgill, to serve the new housing estates at Sandford, Wyther, Westfield and Greenthorpe. - https://www.christtheking-holyfamily.org.uk/history/

Woodhouse

Priory of St Wilfrid, Springfield Mount, originally built in 1908 as a training college for Anglican priests. In 1976 it became the University of Leeds' Continuing Education Department; sold by the University in 2006, it is now privately owned student flats.

New Wortley

Church of St Mary of Bethany, Tong Road. The foundation stones of the church were laid on 30 July 30 1885 and it was opened on 23 October 1886. It was designed by Adams and Kelly, architects, and cost £5,600 to build. It had a spire of 135 feet and was completely lined on the inside with brick. A war memorial chapel was added in 1920 at a cost of £165. The church was demolished in 1975 as part of the Tong Road clearance programme.

St Mary's Close, off Tong Road LS12 1LZ now marks the locality.

Mount Pisgah United Methodist Free Church, later United Methodist Church, Tong Road, erected 1868, formerly part of Leeds West Circuit. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds baptism registers, minutes, accounts and other papers dating from 1881-1981.

Headingley

Headingley St Columba United Reformed Church was formed in 1978 when St Columba's Presbyterian Church amalgamated with Headingley Hill Congregational Church. Previously Cavendish Road Presbyterian Church, formed in 1902 on the amalgamation of St Columba English Presbyterian and Cavendish Road United Presbyterian churches. Registers, minutes and other papers from Cavendish Road United Presbyterian Church dating from 1865 to 1905 are held by West Yorkshire Archive Service.

1a Moor Road

"The Old Chapel", now teacher absence insurance offices, built around 1860, listed grade II, built in the Gothic Revival style, tall single storey building with three bays and a central pointed-arch doorway.

Armley

113-115 Tong Road, Armley, LS12 1QJ The former Lyric Cinema on Tong Road, opened in 1922, was converted into a church in 2010. More recently it has been used as a kitchen showroom and workshop. The building was constructed in Art Deco style and is recognised as "a positive building" in the Conservation Area Appraisal for the Armley Conservation Area.

Apostles of Muchinjikwa Ministries, an African-background church. Permitted use as a place of worship, for use only by Apostles of Muchinjikwa, who at the time of the planning application used rented premises in Chapeltown and Halton Moor.

Yeadon

https://www.sspeterandpauls.com/, New Road, Yeadon LS19 7HW SS Peter and Paul Parish, Yeadon was first established in 1909 with the opening of a new church of St Joseph in nearby Cragwood. SS Peter and Paul church opened in 1956 and the original church in Cragwood closed in January 1989

The original Wesleyan Methodist Chapel is now demolished. The later Wesleyan Chapel is now the present Yeadon Methodist Church (January 2014). The former chapel located on the High Street which is now used as offices.

Queen Street Methodist Church, also known as the United Methodist Chapel, was built in 1900 and demolished in the 1960s for re-development. The minister's house at Woodville, still stands.

Leeds North and East Circuit
Leeds South and West Circuit

Catholic Charismatic Renewal

National Service Committee for the Charismatic Renewal in England (Crew Trust) http://www.ccr.org.uk/

Leeds 1 Primitive Methodist Circuit

Leeds Quarry Hill Ebenezer Primitive Methodist Church, Chapel Street, Quarry Hill, seat of the Leeds 1 Primitive Methodist Circuit, opened in 1822, closed around 1933. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds covering baptisms 1823-1837 and burials 1823-1837.

Sunfield Centenary Methodist Church

Sunfield Centenary Methodist Church, Stanningley, until the 1960s, part of the former Pudsey Circuit. Registers, minutes and papers dating from 18 to 19 are held by West Yorkshire Archive Service https://www.secretleeds.com/viewtopic.php?t=365

Leeds East Circuit

Leeds East Circuit was formerly known as Leeds Richmond Hill Circuit. In 2008 there were 12 churches in the Leeds Richmond Hill Circuit; by 2013 there were 9 churches. Leeds East Circuit merged with Leeds North-East Circuit in September 2013. Micklefield Wesleyan Chapel was formerly part of the Leeds (Richmond Hill) Methodist Circuit. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds chapel journals covering 1898-1952, pulpit notices 1949-1951 and baptism records covering 1935-1987.

• Leeds Beckett Street Ebenezer United Methodist Free Church. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1866-1958.
• Leeds Beckett Street St Peter Wesleyan. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1875-1944.
• Leeds Clark Lane Zion United Methodist Free Church, Richmond Hill. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1860-1945.
• Halton Wesleyan Church. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1844-1919.
• Leeds Harehills Lane Wesleyan Church, located at the junction of Clifton Avenue and Harehills Lane. It was part of the former Leeds Richmond Hill Methodist Circuit. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1906-1982. The Meeting Point Café further north on Harehills Lane was opened as "a new and innovative contribution to the Christian presence in Harehills", after the closure of Harehills Lane Methodist Church in 1982.

• Leeds Richmond Hill Wesleyan Church. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1849-1962.
• Leeds Saville Green Wesleyan Church. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1899-1918.
• Leeds Temple View Road Church. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records covering baptisms 1886-1937.

• 76 Harehills Road Harehills Leeds LS8 5NU, now a Betfred betting office, may previously have been a chapel

Leeds (Wesley) Circuit

The Leeds (Wesley) Circuit was a circuit of the Methodist Church based in the west of Leeds. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds (Wesley) Circuit dating from 1934 to 2009.

Leeds North East Circuit

The former Leeds North East Circuit and Leeds East Circuit became the Leeds North and East Circuit in September 2013. Leeds North East Circuit was organised into a western group of churches and an eastern group of churches.

Formerly Leeds North-East Circuit (merged with Leeds East Circuit in September 2013).

Leeds Headingley and West Circuit

The Leeds Headingley and West Circuit of the Methodist Church, formerly Leeds Headingley Circuit, is now part of the Leeds South and West Circuit. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds Headingley Circuit dating from 1867 to 2006, including schedules, minutes, accounts, predecessor circuits and preachers' horse hire accounts. At some time before 2013, the circuit consisted of 9 congregations, 12 church sites and 4 manses and was supported by 3 full time presbyters, 1 half time deacon and one 0.4 time lay administrator. Leeds Headingley and West Circuit went on to merge with Leeds South, Leeds Mission and Leeds Wesley circuits in September 2015.

Leeds South and Central Circuit

The former Leeds South and Central Circuit was formed on 1st September 2013 through the merger of Oxford Place Methodist Church and the six churches of Leeds South Circuit.

Formerly Leeds West Circuit
Leeds West United Methodist Free Church Circuit. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds West United Methodist Free Church Circuit dating from 1904 to 1933.
Leeds (Horsforth & Bramley) Methodist Circuit
Chapel Allerton Circuit
Leeds Woodhouse Street Church was part of the former Chapel Allerton Circuit.

Brunswick Circuit (Ladywood

Bramley

Bramley Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Church: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Brunswick Wesleyan Methodist Church for 1874-1992 with marriage registers for 1901-1960.

Bramley Trinity Methodist Church: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Trinity Methodist Church for 1956-1992 with marriage registers for 1961-1992.

Bramley Wesleyan Methodist Circuit: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Wesleyan Methodist Circuit, including preaching plans 1828-1866, 1828-1949.

Bramley Wesleyan Reformers' Circuit: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds Bramley Wesleyan Reformers' Circuit preaching plans for 1851.

Back Lane Primitive Methodist Church, Bramley: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Back Lane Primitive Methodist/Stanningley Road Primitive Methodist Mission Church 1900-1926 with baptism register 1904-1926.

West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Hough End Methodist Chapel 1925-1950,

West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Moriah Primitive Methodist Chapel 1869-1956 with baptism register 1872-1956,

West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Bramley Wesley Place Wesleyan Reformers/United Methodist Free Church 1852-1956 with baptism register 1852-1956 and marriage register 1863-1948.

Leeds (Horsforth & Bramley) Methodist Circuit 1966-1979: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds (Horsforth & Bramley) Methodist Circuit 1966-1979.

Kirkstall

Leeds (Horsforth & Kirkstall) Methodist Circuit: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds (Horsforth & Kirkstall) Methodist Circuit 1940-1970.

Kirkstall Zion United Methodist Free Church: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds church records for Kirkstall Zion United Methodist Free Church for 1868-1970 with baptism registers for 1868-1887.

Leeds (Fifth) Primitive Methodist Circuit: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds (Fifth) Primitive Methodist Circuit 1872-1956.

Leeds Wesleyan Methodist Circuit: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds Wesleyan Methodist Circuit for 1806.

Leeds Wesleyan Reformers' Circuit: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Leeds Wesleyan Reformers' Circuit for 1851

Horsforth Central Primitive Methodist Church: West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Horsforth Central Primitive Methodist Church for 1961-1987.

West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Hawksworth Wood 1934-2001 with marriage registers 1934-1993,

Rodley

There are two former chapels on Rodley Lane which are now in residential use:

• Rodley Ebenezer Chapel, 7 Rodley Lane, LS13 1LB, erected 1860, now in residential use as apartments. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds copies of the trustees' minute books for 1947-1978.
• Former United Methodist Free Church chapel, 31 Rodley Lane LS13 1LB, on the junction with Chapel Street, later a photography studio, now 14 apartments. An earlier attempt to transform the 19th century chapel for residential use was started in 2011 before being discontinued.

West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records for Woodside W.M. Sunday School attendance registers 1962-1974 and minute book 1968-1974 dating from 1867 to 2006.

Methodist New Connexion circuits

• Barnsley Methodist New Connection Circuit. Records are held by Barnsley Archive and Local Studies Department
• Leeds and Huddersfield Circuit (1798)
  
• Woodhouse Lane Methodist New Connexion Circuit. West Yorkshire Archive Service holds records dating from 1862 to 1920.
• York, Trinity Circuit

Methodist youth

Methodist Association of Youth Clubs (MAYC), founded 1945 Youth Participation Strategy, 1995, Youth Exec Youth President, a year-long paid post since 2004, but part-time since 2010. 2004: MAYC, no longer known as Methodist Association of Youth Clubs, now known as Conference acknowledged "the positive impact of the 2008 Youth Participation Strategy, especially the position of the Youth President". There is "good awareness and understanding of the role across the Connexion".

Disciples' Literal New Testament

Disciples' Literal New Testament (DLNT)

Authorisation of persons other than presbyters to preside at the Lord's Supper

Authorisation of persons other than presbyters to preside at the Lord's Supper within the Methodist Church is subject to a formula based on the average number of communion services requested by a circuit each quarter and the number of full-time equivalent presbyters available to the circuit.

W H Simcox

Wrote the commentary on the Book of Revelation in the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges series and translated

Reliability of biblical commentaries

We need some clarity about the criteria which determine whether published and well-known historical biblical commentaries can be treated as 'reliable' and ideally some balanced reference to reliability or otherwise in the articles about specific commentaries/commentators, e.g. Pulpit Commentary, Charles Ellicott, Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary, all of which have been described as 'unreliable'.

Naqai

Name associated with Nicodemus ben Gurion, or with one of Jesus' five disciples in the Talmud: Mattai, Naqai, Netzer, Buni and Todah.

John 3

Continuity with the summary of Jesus' relationship with these he encountered in Jerusalem at his first passover visit, Many believed in his name, seeing his signs which he did. But Jesus did not trust himself unto them, for that he knew all men, and because he needed not that any should give testimony of man: for he knew what was in man is maintained by some writers. The DRA: And the was a man... Lücke: "now comes an instance of that higher knowledge possessed by Jesus"; Tholuck: "an instance of the beginnings of faith just named" Meyer, https://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/3-1.htm

Johannes Felix Ossinger

Johannes Felix Ossinger, OESA, of the Order of St. Augustine, wrote Bibliotheca augustiniana, published at Ingolstadt and Vienna in 1768.

Works

• Bibliotheca Augustiniana historica, critica et chronologica (Ingolstadt and Vienna, 1768)

James F. Driscoll

James F. Driscoll was a Canadian Catholic theologian, originally a member of the Sulpician religious order and later a priest of the Archdiocese of New York. He contributed a number of articles for the 1913 Catholic Encyclopedia.

Friedrich Düsterdieck

Friedrich Hermann Christian Düsterdieck was a German theologian and biblical scholar. He was born on 14 July 1822 in Hanover and died on 23 April 1906.

Works

• Kritisch exegetisches Handbuch über die Offenbarung Johannis, Göttingen 1859 (²1865, ³1877, ⁴1887), on the Book of Revelation, translated by Henry E. Jacobs as Critical and Exegetical Handbook to the Revelation of John, published 1866.
• Hoffnung, Freude und Schmerz. Beiträge zur christlichen Ethik, Hanover 1877

Dusterdieck was one of several theologians who assisted Heinrich Meyer in compiling his 16 volume Kritischexegetischer Kommentar zum Neuen Testament (16 vols.), which began to appear in 1832 and was completed in 1859.

Henry Jacobs, translator of Dusterdieck's Handbook on Revelation, observed that "the work of translation has often been extremely difficult, because of the long and involved sentences, frequently consisting of a mosaic of quotations".

Category:1822 births
Category:1906 deaths

Johannes Hauber

Johannes Hauber (1572-1620) was a German Lutheran theologian, doctor of theology and court-preacher. He was born 9 November 1572 and died in Stuttgart on 1 October 1620. He wrote

• De Remissione Peccatorum
• De Problemate Theologico, and
• Utrum Philosophandi Ratio ad Materias Theologicas Adhibenda.

Category:1572 births
Category:1620 deaths

Paul von Schanz

Paul von Schanz (4 March 1841 - 1 June 1905) was a German catholic theologian and apologist, New Testament scholar and mathematician. He was born in Horb am Neckar and attended high school in Rottweil. He died in Tübingen.

Works (in German)

• Commentar über das Evangelium des hl. Matthäus, Freiburg im Breisgau, 1879.
• Commentar über das Evangelium des hl. Marcus, Freiburg/Br, 1881.
• Commentar über das Evangelium des hl. Lucas, Tübingen, 1883.
• Commentar über das Evangelium des hl. Johannes, Tübingen, 1885.

References in Meyer's critical apparatus and commentary

• B - Gustav Billroth
• Johannes Heinrich August Ebrard
• Elz. - text of the New Testament in Greek published by the House of Elzevir, 1624, 1633.
• Ewald
• Johann Friedrich Flatt
• Karl Christian Flatt (1772–1813), a German Protestant theologian, was the brother of Johann Friedrich Flatt
• Griesb - Johann Jakob Griesbach
• Hofmann
• Lachm - Karl Lachmann
• Maier
• Matthies
• Michaelis
• Pott
• Rückert
• Scholten
• Strauss - David Strauss
• Tisch - Constantin von Tischendorf
• Treg
• Weiss - Bernhard Weiss or Johannes Weiss
• Wetst -
• de Wette - Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette

Reference:

Walter F. Adeney

Canon Walter F. Adeney was the principal of Lancashire Independent College, Manchester, later the Northern Congregational College and now the the British Muslim Heritage Centre, and canon and professor of New Testament exegesis, New College, London. He was the father of painter Bernard Adeney.

Publications

Sermons

Burgodunum

The roman site was either at Adel or nearby Burden Head, on Eccup Lane.

The Thoresby Society describes the site (Adel) as one "of some considerable historical significance". The Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales (1870) states that "the remains of the Roman town Burgodunum, and other antiquities, are on Rumbold's Moor, 1,808 feet high".

Peter Lorimer

Peter Lorimer was the first Principal of Westminster College, Cambridge.

John Skinner

John J. Skinner was a Scottish religious minister and biblical commentator. He studied in Scotland and Germany at the end of the 19th century. He held pulpits in the Free Church of Scotland from 1880 until 1890, when he was elected to the faculty of what is now Westminster College, Cambridge. There he became one of the earliest English-language scholars to incorporate the documentary hypothesis regarding the gospels into his teaching and writing. His lectures were described as clear, illuminating, and impressive. Skinner was elected Principal (i.e. Dean) in 1908, and given Principal Emeritus status in 1922. His critical and exegetical commentary on Genesis (1910), in the International Critical Commentary series, was "for many years [considered] the standard English-language text; he died in 1925 while revising it.

Annesley William Streane

Annesley William Streane, a Fellow of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge, was a biblical commentator and translator of Jewish texts. Streane groups together Jeremiah and Lamentations in a commentary for the Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges (1913). In The Double Text of Jeremiah (1896), Streane compares the textual and semantic differences between the Massoretic text of Jeremiah and the Alexandrian text of Jeremiah.

Otto Thenius

Otto Thenius (9 June 1801 - 13 August 1876) was a doctor of theology and philosophy, born in 1801 at Dresden, where he also died. Although Thenius occupied a Dresden pulpit for more than twenty years, "yet his main renown is as an exegete, and as such he will always hold an honorable position among scholars".

His works (in German) include:

• Erklarung der Bücher Samuels (Leipzig, 1842; 2nd ed. 1864),
• Erklarung der Bücher der Kinige (ibid. 1849; 2nd ed. 1873), with an Appendix, which was also published separately, Das vorexilische Jerusalem und dessen Tempel Erklarung der Klagelieder Jeremiad (Book of Lamentations) (ibid. 1855)
• De Loco John 13:21-38 Dissertatiuncula (Dresden, 1837)
• Quis Psalms 51 Auctor fuisse videatur (Dresden, 1839)
• Die Grdber der Kinige von Juda, in Illgen's periodical Zeitschrift fur die historische Theologie ("Magazine of Historical Theology"), 1844
• Uber die Stufenpsalmen (the psalms of ascent), in Studieln ind Kritiken, 1854, vol. 2.

In 1842, Thenius suggested that a site off the Nablus Road, north of the Damascus Gate in Jerusalem, was the site of the garden in which Jesus was buried.

Carl Friedrich Keil and Franz Delitzsch, in their Old Testament commentary, are frequently critical of Thenius' opinions, for example on Lamentations 5:1–22:

The view of Thenius, that this poem originated among a small company of Jews who had been dispersed, and who, in the mist of constant persecution, sought a place of refuge from the oppression of the Chaldeans, has been forced upon the text through the arbitrary interpretation of detached figurative expressions.

Hermann Venema

Hermann Venema (1697-1787) was a Dutch biblical commentator and theologian, professor at Franecker.

Listen!

Listen! is a collection of scripture readings for children for use in liturgical celebrations and school assemblies, retold from the Bible by A. J. McCallen with illustrations by Ferelith Eccles Williams and published by Collins Liturgical Publications in 1976.

Doremus Hayes

Doremus Almy Hayes (1863-1936) was an American Methodist preacher and theologian. He was born on May 17, 1863, at Russeluth, Ohio. He graduated at Ohio Wesleyan University with Phi Beta Kappa honors, A.B., 1884; M.A., 1886. The Boston University School of Theology granted him the S.T.B. degree in 1887. Thereafter he studied at the Universities of Leipzig and Berlin, being awarded a Ph.D. in 1889, and later an S.T.D. degree in 1906 from Boston University.

Following the completion of his academic and professional training, he served for one year as pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church at San Leandro, California, then for three years as professor of Greek Language and Literature at the University of the Pacific, and for three more years as pastor at Napa, California. He became professor of Biblical Theology at the Iliff School of Theology in Denver, Colorado, in 1895 and was elected professor of the English Bible at Garrett Biblical Institute (now Garrett Theological Seminary) in 1896. As professor of New Testament Interpretation, he taught at Garrett until 1934. For twenty years he also acted as librarian. He died on 20 May 1936.

On 28 July 1887, he married Hester Juvenal, and they had one son, James Juvenal.

Further reading

Boston University, Doremus A. Hayes (1887), in the People's History of the School of Theology series

2 Corinthians 12:

Verse 14

Now for the third time I am ready to come to you.

See also 2 Corinthians 13:1

Around 50–52, Paul spent 18 months in Corinth, and he is thought to have stayed there again for three months during 56–57 as part of his third missionary journey. This visit is treated by many commentators as the third visit, to which he refers here, and the second (unrecorded) visit would have been between these years, being the planned visit he referred to in 1 Corinthians 16:1–6.

Chapel Allerton

A Roman altar was unearthed when the sexton's cottage of Chapel Allerton churchyard was demolished in 1880. This discovery led to the suggestion that a Christian chapel of Allerton had come to be erected on a pagan site.

East Ardsley

St Gabriel's, https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/18185/ St Michael's, https://www.achurchnearyou.com/church/18184/ Benefice of East Ardsley

St Paul's Methodist Church and attached church hall, Chapel Street, now a bridal emporium. The old, stone built part of the building was "originally constructed as a Methodist Church, although it posses[es] attractive architectural detailing, it is however not listed, nor is it located in a Conservation Area, and it is not designated as a community asset". A decision in favour of demolition was adopted by Leeds City Council on 29 March 2017. East Ardsley St Paul (Wesleyan Methodist), East Ardsley Bethel (Primitive Methodist), East Ardsley Zion (United Methodist), https://discovery.nationalarchives.gov.uk/details/r/660f7096-813d-4706-9b78-d136c07b7c8e https://demolitionregister.org/category/methodist-churches/

Gawthorp

Local historian Mary Mauchline suggests that there was a "little chapel" in the Old Hall of Gawthorpe.

Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers

Charles Ellicott (Vanity Fair 18 July 1885)

Ellicott's Commentary for Modern Readers is a biblical commentary edited by Charles Ellicott, Bishop of Gloucester. Ellicott's commentaries on the epistles of St Paul were first published in two volumes in 1868. The full New Testament commentary was originally published in 1878 and the Old Testament commentary was originally published in 1897. The contributors to the 1905 edition are as follows:

Contributor	Book(s)
A Barry	1 Kings, Ephesians, Philippians, Colossians, Philemon
C J Ball	2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles
C J Ellicott	Numbers
F W Farrar	Judges
C D Ginsburg	Leviticus
R Payne Smith	Genesis
George Rawlinson	Exodus
R Sinker	Ruth, Esther
A S Aglen	Psalms, Song of Solomon, Obadiah, Jonah
W Boyd Carpenter	Revelation
H Deane	Daniel
F Gardiner	2 Samuel, Ezekiel
A C Jennings	Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai
S Leathes	Job
W H Lowe	Zechariah, Malachi
A J Mason	1 Thessalonians, 2 Thessalonians, 1 Peter
W F Moulton	Hebrews
J W Nutt	Proverbs
Alfred Plummer	2 Peter
E. H. Plumptre	Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Matthew, Mark, Luke, Jude
W B Pope	Ezra, Nehemiah
E G Punchard	James
H R Reynolds	Hosea, Amos (with Whitehouse)
G Salmon	Ecclesiates
H D M Spence	1 Samuel, 1 Timothy, 2 Timothy, Titus
C H Waller	Deuteronomy, Joshua
S L Warren	Joel, Micah
H W Watkins	John

Oxford Bible Commentary

The Oxford Bible Commentary, published in 2001, was edited by John Barton and John Muddiman. The contributors are as follows:

Contributor	Book(s)
	1. General Introduction
John Barton	2. Introduction to the Old Testament
G. I. Davies	3. Introduction to the Pentateuch
	4.
	5.
	6.
	7.
Christopher Bultmann	8. Deuteronomy
	9.
	10.
	11.
	12.
	13.
	14.
	15.
	16.
James L. Crenshaw	17. Job
Cyril S. Rodd	18. Psalms
K. T. Aitken, of the University of Aberdeen	19. Proverbs
Stuart Weeks	20. Ecclesiastes
Athalya Brenner	21. The Song of Solomon
R. Coggins	22. Isaiah
	23. Jeremiah
	25. Ezekiel
John Day	27. Hosea
Carl-Albert Keller, of the University of Lausanne	28. Joel
Jennifer M. Dimes	29. Amos
Rex Mason	30. Obadiah
	31. Jonah
Martin Goodman	39. Introduction to the Apocrypha
	40. Tobit
Amy-Jill Levine	41. Judith
	42. Esther (Greek)
	43. Wisdom of Solomon
J. J. Collins	44. Ecclesiasticus, or The Wisdom of Jesus Son of Sirach
	45.
Uriel Rappaport, of the University of Haifa	1 Maccabees
	2 Maccabees
	55. Introduction to the New Testament
Dale Allison	56. Matthew
Christopher Tuckett	57. Mark
Eric Franklin, of St Stephen's House, Oxford	58. Luke
Swedish-based commentator René Kieffer	59. John
Henry Wansbrough	61. The Four Gospels in Synopsis
Loveday Alexander	62. Acts
T L Donaldson	63. Introduction to the Pauline Corpus
	Galatians
	Ephesians
	71. 1 Thessalonians
	72. 2 Thessalonians
Clare Drury, University of Cambridge	73. The Pastoral Epistles
	74. Philemon
	75. Hebrews
	Jude
	??. Revelation

Deuteronomy 7

Deuteronomy 7 is the seventh chapter of the biblical Book of Deuteronomy. In the annual Jewish cycle of Torah reading, verses 1-11 form the concluding part of the parashah Va'etchanan, regarding the Israelites' entry into the Promised Land, and verses 12-26 comprise the initial section of the parashah Eikev, which tells of the blessings of obedience to God, the dangers of forgetting God, and directions for taking the Promised Land. The New King James Version entitles this chapter "A Chosen People". Christopher Bultmann notes that the first 11 verses relate to the Election of Israel, and the succeeding verses form a new section which "presents further Deuteronomistic elaborations" concerning some of the subjects addressed in chapter 6 and the opening verses of chapter 7.

Further information

• Va'etchanan
• Eikev

Category:Book of Deuteronomy

Thomas Teignmouth Shore

Thomas Teignmouth Shore (1841-1911) was a Canon of Worcester Cathedral, Chaplain in Ordinary to King Edward VII and contributor to Charles Ellicott's biblical commentary, Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers, for which he wrote the volume on St. Paul's First Letter to the Corinthians.

His other writings include:

• Shortened church services and hymns for use at children's services (3 editions published between 1879 and 1882)
• Prayer (Cassell, 1886)
• Worcester Cathedral (Isbister, 1900), written by Teignmouth Shore and illustrated by Hedley Fitton
• Some recollections (London, Hutchinson, 1911)

Category:Church of England priests Category:Chaplains-in-Ordinary

A S Aglen

Anthony Stocker Aglen (1836-1908) was an Archdeacon and contributor to Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers or Layman's Handy Commentary on the Bible, responsible for the commentaries on the Old Testament books of Obadiah and Jonah, the Book of Psalms and the Song of Solomon.

In-Touch system

The In-Touch system

Four Rooms of Change

The Four Rooms of Change is a model of change acceptance which originates from the work of Swedish researcher Claes Janssen (1940 - ) undertaken between 1964 and 1975, set out in his thesis, Personal Dialectics: Self-censors, Outsiders, and Integration (1975).

According to ..., several other change models, which it lists as the Change House, the House of Change, the MIRC model and the Four Room Apartment, "are all just look-alikes and plagiarisms that should be avoided".

Listed Buildings

List.

Gittit

Psalms 8,

Unitatis Redintegratio

"Separated brethren"

This term is used 18 times.

"Spiritual ecumenism"

Hierarchy of truths

In Catholic doctrine there exists a "hierarchy" of truths, according to which doctrines "vary in their relation to the fundamental Christian faith". (11) The decree encouraged theologians in dialogue to "remember" this. This specific recommendation evoked a range of reactions among many theologians of diverse religious affiliation. According to Oscar Cullmann, a Swiss Lutheran theologian and New Testament scholar who was an observer at the Council, this text is “the most revolutionary to be found, not only in the Schema decreti de oecumenismo but in any of the Schemas of the present Council".

See also: Hierarchical communion

The journey to full communion

"In the ecumenical movement, it is not only the Catholic Church and the Orthodox Churches which hold to this demanding concept of the unity willed by God." Ut unum sint, footnote 129, suggests that the following texts also express this same orientation: Commission on Faith and Order Seventh Assembly of the World Council of Churches Canberra Declaration (7-20 February 1991) Signs of the Spirit, Official Report, Seventh Assembly, WCC, Geneva, 1991, pp. 235-258 World Conference of Faith and Order at Santiago de Compostela (3-14 August 1993); cf. Information Service, 85 (1994), 18-37.

Reading

• Unitatis Redintegratio
• Ut unum sint
• Sollicitudo rei socialis
• From Parish to Mission
• Two Short Anthems by Bernard Barrell
• MC: Evangelism and Growth / God for All
• Teresa of Avila, Interior Castle
• Bunyan, J., Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners
• Maclaren, A., The Life of David as Reflected in his Psalms
• Flavius Josephus, Antiquities of the Jews
• Koran
• Revised Grail Psalms
• Denver Report, 1971
• [Concluding report of the Fifth General Conference of the Latin American and Caribbean Bishops' Conferences], Aparecida, 2007
• Augustine, The City of God

Ba

"Ba" is a Japanese concept initially proposed by philosopher Kitaro Nishida and developed by Hiroshi Shimizu, which roughly translates into "place".

Daniel 9

Rename from "Prophecy of Seventy Weeks"

Daniel 9, the ninth chapter of the biblical Book of Daniel, contains Daniel's "Prayer for the People" in verses 1-19, asking God to act on behalf of his people and city (i.e. Jerusalem), and the "Prophecy of Seventy Weeks" in verses 20-27, a prophecy revealed to Daniel by the angel Gabriel in response to the prayer. The angel informs Daniel that seventy "weeks" have been decreed for them, and then gives a detailed but cryptic description of those weeks.

The prophecy has proved notoriously difficult for readers, despite it having been the subject of "intense exegetical activity" since the Second Temple period. For this reason some scholars continue to follow James Alan Montgomery in referring to the history of this prophecy's interpretation as the "dismal swamp" of critical exegesis.

Summary

Daniel reads in the "books" that the desolation of Jerusalem must last for seventy years according to the prophetic words of Jeremiah (verse 2), and prays for God to act on behalf of his people and city (verses 3–19). The angel Gabriel appears and tells Daniel that he has come to give wisdom and understanding, for at the beginning of Daniel's prayer a "word" went out and Gabriel has come to declare this revelation (verses 20–23):

²⁴Seventy weeks are decreed for your people and your holy city: to finish the transgression, to put an end to sin, and to atone for iniquity, to bring in everlasting righteousness, to seal both vision and prophet, and to anoint a most holy place.

²⁵Know therefore and understand: from the time that the word went out to restore and rebuild Jerusalem until the time of an anointed prince, there shall be seven weeks; and for sixty-two weeks it shall be built again with streets and moat, but in a troubled time.

²⁶After the sixty-two weeks, an anointed one shall be cut off and shall have nothing, and the troops of the prince who is to come shall destroy the city and the sanctuary. Its end shall come with a flood, and to the end there shall be war. Desolations are decreed.

²⁷He shall make a strong covenant with many for one week, and for half of the week he shall make sacrifice and offering cease; and in their place shall be an abomination that desolates, until the decreed end is poured out upon the desolator.

— Daniel 9:24–27 (NRSV)

Composition and structure

Gabriel. A 14th-century fresco from the Tsalenjikha Cathedral by Cyrus Emanuel Eugenicus.

Chapter outline

The consensus among critical scholars is that chapters 1–6 of the Book of Daniel originated as a collection of folktales among the Jewish diaspora in the Persian/Hellenistic periods, to which the visionary chapters 7–12 were added during the persecution of the Jews under Antiochus IV in 167–163 BCE. The authors of the tales apparently took the name Daniel from a legendary hero mentioned in the Book of Ezekiel, and the author of the visions in turn adopted him from the tales. The point of departure is Jeremiah's seventy years prophecy as opposed to a visionary episode, but more than half the chapter is devoted to a rather lengthy prayer.

1. Verses 1–2. Introduction, indicating the date and occasion (the reading of Jeremiah's prophecy).
2. Verses 3–19. Daniel's prayer:
   1. An introductory statement in verses 3-4a describes how Daniel set himself to pray.
   2. The prayer:
      1. Invocation (verse 4b).
      2. Confession of sin (verses 5-11a).
      3. Acknowledgement of divine punishment (verses 11b-14), marked by the passive verb in verse 11b and the switch to God as subject in verse 12.
      4. Prayer for mercy (verses 15–19).
3. Verses 20–27. The revelation:
   1. An introductory statement (verses 20-21a), giving the circumstances in which the revelation occurred.
   2. The epiphany of the angel (verse 21b).
   3. The angelic discourse (verses 22–27), consisting of:
      1. Prefatory remarks (verses 22–23).
      2. The prophecy of seventy weeks of years (verses 24–27).

Daniel's prayer

Some modern critical scholars have sometimes that Daniel's prayer in verses 3–19 is secondary to the prophecy of seventy weeks, as it contrasts sharply with the difficult Hebrew that is characteristic of Daniel. Still, it might be that the author(s) of the chapter incorporated (or adapted) a traditional prayer in the course of composition, in which case the prayer would not be a later addition. Proponents of the view that the prayer is secondary argue that (1) the context requires a prayer of illumination and not a communal confession of sin, and (2) the beginning and end of the prayer are marked by duplications in verses 3-4a and verses 20-21a that are most plausibly interpreted as redactional seams. However, these considerations have not proved decisive, and arguments in favor of the prayer's authenticity have also been advanced. In particular, the concluding passage in verses 20–27 contains several allusions to the language in the prayer, suggesting that it was included purposefully by the author(s) of the chapter, even if it was not originally composed by them.

Gabriel's revelation

It has also been argued that there is a "pre-Maccabean core" to the prophetic revelation delivered by Gabriel in verses 24–27, and that certain linguistic inconsistencies between the seventy weeks prophecy and other Danielic passages suggest that the second century BCE author(s)/redactor(s) of the Book of Daniel took over and modified a preexisting oracle that was already in circulation at the time of composition. These ideas have been further developed to suggest that the different redactional layers represented in this text reflect different eschatological perspectives, with the earliest one going back to a priest named Daniel who accompanied Ezra from Babylon to Jerusalem in the fifth century BCE and the latest one to an unnamed redactor who edited this prophecy in the second century BCE so that it would function (along with other parts of the Book of Daniel) as part of "a prophetic manifesto for world domination." It is also argued that the prophecy exhibited a high degree of literary structure at an earlier stage of its development in such a way that the six infinitival clauses of verse 24 were chiastically linked to six divisions of verses 25–27 via an elaborate system of word counts, resulting in the following reconstruction of this earlier redactional stratum:

Seventy Weeks

A     To withhold the rebellion.

B     To seal up sins.

C     To atone for iniquity.

D     To bring a righteous one for the ages.

E     To stop vision and prophecy.

F     To anoint the Holy One of holy ones.

F'     You will discern wisdom from the departure of a word to return and rebuild Jerusalem until an anointed one is ruler.

E'     You will return for seven weeks and sixty-two weeks, and by the distress of the times it will be rebuilt, square and moat.

D'     After the sixty-two weeks he will cut off an anointed one, and the coming ruler will not have the people.

C'     He will destroy the holy city and its end will be by a flood, and by the end of the determined warfare there will be desolations.

B'     He will take away the sacrificial offering in the other week, and confirm a covenant for many in the middle of the week.

A'     On your base will be eighty abominations, and you will pour out for desolation until a complete destruction is determined.

Genre and themes

The seventy weeks prophecy is an ex eventu prophecy in periodized form whose Sitz im Leben is the Antiochene crisis in the second century BCE, with content analogous to the Enochic Apocalypse of Weeks as well as the Animal Apocalypse. In this way, the prophecy puts the Antiochene crisis in perspective by locating it within an overview of history; the specificity of the prediction is significant for the psychological effect of the revelation, which has long been recognized as a distinctive characteristic of Daniel's prophecies (cf. Ant. 10.11.7 § 267). The prophecy is also an instance of Jewish apocalyptic literature, as it belongs to the genre of revelatory literature in which a revelation is mediated to a human recipient in Daniel by an otherworldly being in the angel Gabriel that envisages eschatological salvation. Within the macro-genre of Jewish apocalyptic literature, the prophecy further belongs to the subgenre known as the "historical apocalypse," which is characterized by the use of ex eventu prophecy and the presence of an interpreting angel.

The lengthy prayer in verses 3–19 is strongly Deuteronomic in its theology—Daniel's people are punished for their own sin and appeal to God for mercy. However, such theological overtones conflict with other aspects of the Book of Daniel, in which the primary sin is that of a gentile king and the course of history is arranged in advance. Consequently, scholars have variously argued that the angel ignores Daniel's prayer and that the author(s) is making the point that "the calamity is decreed and will end at the appointed time, quite apart from prayers," and/or that the prayer is not intended to influence God but is "an act of piety in itself." As Collins observes, "[t]he deliverance promised by the angel is in no sense a response to Daniel's prayer" since "[t]he word goes forth at the beginning of Daniel's supplication." In any case, the relationship between Daniel's prayer and the context in which it is placed, is a central issue in the contemporary scholarly interpretation of chapter 9.

Historical-critical analysis

Rembrandt van Rijn, "Jeremiah Lamenting the Destruction of Jerusalem", c. 1630.

Historical background

Nebuchadnezzar II defeated Egypt at the Battle of Carchemish in 605 BCE and established Babylon as the dominant regional power, with significant consequences for the southern kingdom of Judah. Following a revolt in 597 BCE, Nebuchadnezzar removed Judah's king, Jehoiachin; and after a second revolt in 586 BCE, he destroyed the city of Jerusalem along with the Temple of Solomon, carrying away much of the population to Babylon. Accordingly, the subsequent period from 586 BCE to 538 BCE is known as the Babylonian exile, which came to an end when Babylon was conquered by the Persian king Cyrus the Great, who allowed the Jewish exiles to return to Judah via his famous edict of restoration. The Persian period, in turn, came to an end in the first half of the fourth century BCE following the arrival of Alexander the Great, whose vast kingdom was divided upon his death among the Diadochi. The series of conflicts that ensued following Alexander's death in the wars that erupted among the Diadochi mark the beginning of the Hellenistic period in 323/2 BCE. Two of the rival kingdoms produced out of this conflict—the Ptolemaic dynasty in Egypt and the Seleucid dynasty in Syria—fought for control of Palestine during the Hellenistic period.

At the start of the second century BCE, the Seleucids had the upper hand in their struggle with the Ptolemaic kingdom for regional dominance, but the earlier conflicts had left them nearly bankrupt. The Seleucid ruler Antiochus IV attempted to recoup some of his kingdom's fortunes by selling the post of Jewish high priest to the highest bidder, and in 171/0 BCE the existing high priest (i.e. Onias III) was deposed and murdered. Palestine was subsequently divided between those who favored the Hellenistic culture of the Seleucids and those who remained loyal to the older Jewish traditions; however, for reasons that are still not understood, Antiochus IV banned key aspects of traditional Jewish religion in 168/7 BCE—including the twice-daily continual offering (cf. Daniel 8:13; 11:31; 12:11).

Context within chapter 9

The seventy weeks prophecy is internally dated to "the first year of Darius son of Ahasuerus, by birth a Mede" (verse 1), elsewhere referred to within the Book of Daniel as "Darius the Mede" (e.g. Daniel 11:1); however, no such ruler is known to history independently of the Book of Daniel and the widespread consensus among critical scholars is that he is a literary fiction. Nevertheless, within the fictionalized biblical account, the first year of Darius the Mede corresponds to the first year after the Babylonian kingdom is overthrown, i.e., 538 BCE.

Chapter 9 can be distinguished from the other "visionary" chapters of the Book of Daniel by the fact that the point of departure for this chapter is another biblical text in Jeremiah's seventy years prophecy and not a visionary episode. The longstanding consensus among critical scholars has been that verses 24–27 is a paradigmatic example of inner-biblical interpretation, in which the latter text reinterprets Jeremiah's seventy years of exile as seventy weeks of years. On this view, Jeremiah's prophecy that after seventy years God would punish the Babylonian kingdom (cf. Jer 25:12) and once again pay special attention to his people in responding to their prayers and restoring them to the land (cf. Jer 29:10-14) could not have been fulfilled by the disappointment that accompanied the return to the land in the Persian period, hence the necessity to extend the expiration date of the prophecy to the second century BCE. And just as various elements of Daniel's visionary episodes are interpreted for him in chapters 7–8, so also Jeremiah's prophecy is interpreted for him in a manner similar to the pesher exegesis evidenced at Qumran in chapter 9. However, this consensus has recently been challenged on the grounds that Daniel prays to God following the defeat of the Babylonian kingdom precisely because Jeremiah's seventy years of exile have been completed and God promised through the prophet that he would respond to such prayers at this time, in which case the seventy weeks prophecy is not a reinterpretation of Jeremiah's prophecy but a separate prophecy altogether. And these considerations have been further refined along redactional lines to suggest that the latter holds relative to an earlier "pre-canonical" stage in the text, but that the seventy weeks prophecy is, in fact, a reinterpretation of Jeremiah's prophecy relative to the final form of the text.

The seventy weeks prophecy

Coin of Antiochus IV. Reverse shows the Greek god Apollo on an omphalos. The inscription ΑΝΤΙΟΧΟΥ ΘΕΟΥ ΕΠΙΦΑΝΟΥ ΝΙΚΗΦΟΡΟΥ reads, "Of Antiochus, God Manifest, Bearer of Victory."

The seventy "weeks" of years are divided into three groups: a seven-week period spanning forty-nine years, a sixty-two-week period spanning 434 years, and a final period of one week spanning seven years. The first seven weeks begin with the departure of a "word" to rebuild Jerusalem and ends with the arrival of an "anointed prince" (verse 25a); this "word" has generally been taken to refer to Jeremiah's seventy years prophecy and dated to the fourth year of Jehoiakim (or the first year of Nebuchadnezzar) in 605/4 BCE, but Collins objects that "[t]he word to rebuild Jerusalem could scarcely have gone forth before it was destroyed," and prefers the "word" that Gabriel came to give Daniel in verse 23; other candidates include the edict of Cyrus in 539/8 BCE, the decree of Artaxerxes I in 458/7 BCE, and the warrant given to Nehemiah in 445/4 BCE. Candidates for the "prince" in verse 25a include Cyrus (cf. Isaiah 45:1), Joshua the High Priest, Zerubbabel, Sheshbazzar, Ezra, Nehemiah, the angelic "prince" Michael (cf. Daniel 10:21b), and even the collective people of God in the Second Temple period.

In the subsequent period of sixty-two weeks the city is rebuilt (verse 25b) and an "anointed one shall be cut off" (verse 26a); this "anointed one" is generally considered to refer to the High Priest Onias III, whose murder outside Jerusalem in 171/0 BCE is recorded in 2 Maccabees 4:23–28. Most critical scholars see another reference to Onias III's murder in Daniel 11:22, though Ptolemy VI and the infant son of Seleucus IV have also been suggested. On the other hand, this raises the question of how 7 + 62 = 69 weeks of years (or 483 years) could have elapsed between the departure of the "word" in verse 25a, which cannot be earlier than 605/4 BCE, and the murder of Onias III in 171/170 BCE. Hence, some critical scholars follow Montgomery in thinking that there has been "a chronological miscalculation on [the] part of the writer" who has made "wrong-headed arithmetical calculations," although others follow Goldingay's explanation that the seventy weeks are not literal chronology but the more inexact science of "chronography"; Collins opts for a middle-ground position in saying that "the figure should be considered a round number rather than a miscalculation." Others who see the calculations as being at least approximately correct if the initial seven-week period of forty-nine years can overlap with the sixty-two-week period of 434 years, with the latter period spanning the time between Jeremiah's prophecy in 605/4 BCE and Onias III's murder in 171/0 BCE.

The "prince who is to come" in verse 26b is typically seen by critical scholars as a reference to Antiochus IV, though Jason and Menelaus have also been suggested. Hence, the "troops of the prince" are thought to be either the Seleucid troops that settled in Jerusalem (cf. Dan 11:31; 1 Macc 1:29–40) or the Jewish hellenizers. The reference to "troops" that will "destroy the city and the sanctuary" in verse 26b is somewhat problematic since neither Jerusalem nor the temple were actually destroyed, though the city was arguably rendered desolate and the temple defiled (cf. 1 Macc 1:46; 2 Macc 6:2), and Daniel's language of destruction "seems excessive".

The "covenant" in verse 27a most likely refers to the covenant between the Jewish hellenizers and Antiochus IV reported in 1 Maccabees 1:11, with the ban on regular worship for a period that lasted approximately three and a half years alluded to in the subsequent clause (cf. Dan 7:25; 8:14; 12:11). The "abomination that desolates" in verse 27b (cf. 1 Macc 1:54) is usually seen as a reference to either the pagan sacrifices that replaced the twice-daily Jewish offering,(cf. Dan 11:31; 12:11; 2 Macc 6:5), or the pagan altar on which such offerings were made.

Christological readings

Francesco Albani's 17th-century Baptism of Christ is a typical depiction with the sky opening and the Holy Spirit descending as a dove.

Crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth, 12th-century medieval illustration from the Hortus deliciarum of Herrad of Landsberg.

There is a longstanding tradition within Christianity of reading Daniel 9 as a messianic prophecy fulfilled in Jesus Christ. The various christological readings that have been proposed share a number of features in common: Either the "anointed prince" in verse 25a or the "anointed one" in verse 26a (or both) are understood to be references to Christ, who is also sometimes thought to be the "most holy" that is anointed in verse 24 (so the Peshitta and the Vulgate). Some of the early church fathers also saw another reference to Christ in the "prince who is to come" (verse 26b), but this figure is more often identified with either the Antichrist or one of the Roman officials that oversaw the destruction of Jerusalem in 70 CE (e.g. Titus or Vespasian).

The seven and sixty-two-week "weeks" are most frequently understood for the purpose of Christological interpretation as consecutive, making up a period of 69 weeks (483 years) beginning with the decree given to Ezra by Artaxerxes I in 458/7 BCE (the terminus a quo) and terminating with the baptism of Jesus. The reference to an anointed one being "cut off" in verse 26a is identified with the crucifixion of Jesus and has traditionally been thought to mark the midpoint of the seventieth week, which is also when Jeremiah's new "covenant" is "confirmed" (verse 27a) and atonement for "iniquity" (verse 24) is made. The "abomination that desolates" is typically read in the context of the New Testament references made to this expression in the Olivet Discourse and understood as belonging to a complex eschatological tableaux described therein, which may or may not remain to be fulfilled.

Another influential way of reading the prophecy follows Africanus in identifying the warrant given to Nehemiah in 445/4 BCE as the terminus a quo. 483 years from 445/4 BCE would extend somewhat beyond the lifetime of Christ to 39/40 CE, hence some Christological interpretations reduce the period to 476 years by viewing them as 360-day "prophetic years" (or "Chaldee years" ), so-called on the basis that various biblical passages—such as Revelation 12:6, 14 (cf. Dan 7:25; 12:7)—appear to reckon time in this way in certain prophetic contexts. The sixty-nine weeks of "prophetic" years are then considered to terminate with the death of Christ in 32/3 CE. The seventieth week is then separated from the sixty-ninth week by a long period of time known as the church age; hence, the seventieth week does not begin until the end of the church age, at which point the church will be removed from the earth in an event called the rapture. Finally, the future Antichrist is expected to oppress the Jewish people and bring upon the world a period of tribulation lasting three and a half years, constituting the second half of the delayed seventieth week. These readings were first popularized through the expository notes written by C. I. Scofield in his Scofield Reference Bible and continue to enjoy support.

See also

• Apocalypticism
• Seventh-day Adventist eschatology (Daniel 9)

References

Sources

• Athas, George (2009). "In Search of the Seventy 'Weeks' of Daniel 9" (PDF). Journal of Hebrew Scriptures. 9. doi:10.5508/jhs.2009.v9.a2.
• Bergsma, J. S. (2006). The Jubilee from Leviticus to Qumran. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum. Vol. 115. Brill. doi:10.1163/ej.9789004152991.i-353. ISBN 9789047410560.
• Collins, John J. (1993). Daniel. Fortress. ISBN 9780800660406.
• Delcor, Mathias (1971). Le Livre de Daniel. Sources Bibliques. Gabalda.
• Doukhan, Jacques (1979). "The Seventy Weeks of Daniel 9: An Exegetical Study" (PDF). Andrews University Seminary Studies. 17 (1): 1–22.
• Gall, August Freiherr von (1895). Die Einheitlichkeit des Buches Daniel: eine Untersuchung. Walter De Gruyter Inc.
• Goldingay, John (1989). Watts, John D.; Watts, James W.; Metzger, Bruce M. (eds.). Daniel. Word Biblical Commentary. Vol. 30. Thomas Nelson.
• Goldstein, Jonathan A. (1976). I Maccabees. The Anchor Yale Bible. Vol. 41. Doubleday.
• Grabbe, Lester L. (1987). "'The End of The Desolation of Jerusalem': From Jeremiah's 70 Years to Daniel's 70 Weeks of Years". In Evans, Craig A.; Stinespring, William F. (eds.). Early Jewish and Christian Exegesis: Studies in Memory of William Hugh Brownlee. Homage Series. Scholars Press.
• Hartman, Louis Francis; Di Lella, Alexander A. (1978). The Book of Daniel. The Anchor Yale Bible. Vol. 23. Doubleday.
• Hess, Richard S. (2011). "The Seventy Sevens of Daniel 9: A Timetable for the Future?" (PDF). Bulletin for Biblical Research. 21 (3): 315–30. doi:10.2307/26424372. JSTOR 26424372. S2CID 248440911.
• Hoehner, Harold W. (1978). Chronological Aspects of the Life Of Christ. Zondervan.
• Jones, Bruce William (1968). "The Prayer in Daniel Ix". Vetus Testamentum. 18 (1): 488–93. doi:10.1163/156853368X00375.
• Koch, Klaus (1980). Das Buch Daniel. Erträge der Forschung. Vol. 144. Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
• Laato, Antti (1990). "The Seventy Yearweeks in the Book of Daniel". Zeitschrift für die Alttestamentliche Wissenschaft. 102 (2): 212–25. doi:10.1515/zatw.1990.102.2.212. S2CID 171004193.
• Levine, Amy-Jill (2010). "Daniel". In Coogan, Michael D.; Brettler, Marc Z.; Newsom, Carol A.; et al. (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with Apocrypha: New Revised Standard Version (4th ed.). Oxford University Press.
• Lloyd, William (1690). An Exposition of the Prophecy of Seventy Weeks.
• Lust, Johan (2002). "Cult and Sacrifice in Daniel. The Tamid and the Abomination of Desolation". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W. (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. Supplements to Vetus Testamentum. Vol. 83/2. Brill. pp. 671–688. doi:10.1163/9789004276093_019. ISBN 9789004276093.
• Meadowcroft, Tim (2001). "Exploring the Dismal Swamp: The Identity of the Anointed One in Daniel 9:24-27". Journal of Biblical Literature. 120 (3): 429–49. doi:10.2307/3267901. JSTOR 3267901.
• Montgomery, James A. (1927). A Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Book of Daniel. T&T Clark.
• Payne, J. Barton (1978). "The Goal of Daniel's Seventy Weeks" (PDF). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 21 (2): 97–115.
• Porteous, Norman W. (1965). Daniel: A Commentary. The Old Testament Library. Westminster John Knox Press.
• Redditt, Paul L. (2000). "Daniel 9: Its Structure and Meaning". Catholic Biblical Quarterly. 62 (2): 236–49.
• Ross, Leslie D. (1996). Medieval Art: A Topical Dictionary. Greenwood.
• Rowley, H. H. (1935). Darius the Mede and the Four Empires in the Book of Daniel: A Historical Study of Contemporary Theories. University of Wales Press.
• Segal, Michael (2011). "The Chronological Conception of the Persian Period in Daniel 9". Journal of Ancient Judaism. 2 (3): 283–303. doi:10.13109/jaju.2011.2.3.283.
• Seow, C.L. (2003). Daniel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664256753.
• Shea, William H. (1991). "When did the Seventy Weeks of Daniel 9:24 Begin?". Journal of the Adventist Theological Society. 2 (1): 115–38.
• Tanner, J. Paul (2009a). "Is Daniel's Seventy-Weeks Prophecy Messianic? Part 1" (PDF). Biblotheca Sacra. 166: 181–200.
• Tanner, J. Paul (2009b). "Is Daniel's Seventy-Weeks Prophecy Messianic? Part 2" (PDF). Biblotheca Sacra. 166: 319–35.
• Towner, W. Sibley (1971). "Retributional Theology in the Apocalyptic Setting". Union Seminary Quarterly Review. 26: 203–14.
• Towner, W. Sibley (1984). Daniel. Interpretation: A Bible Commentary for Teaching and Preaching. John Knox Press.
• Ulrich, Dean R. (2014). "How Early Judaism Read Daniel 9:24–27". Old Testament Essays. 27 (3): 1062–83.
• Walvoord, John F. (1971). Daniel: The Key to Prophetic Revelation. Moody Press.
• Waters, B. V. (2016). "The Two Eschatological Perspectives of the Book of Daniel". Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament. 30 (1): 91–111. doi:10.1080/09018328.2016.1122292.

Further reading

• Collins, John J. (1998). The Apocalyptic Imagination: An Introduction to Jewish Apocalyptic Literature. Eerdmans. p. 103. ISBN 9780802843715.
• Collins, John J. (2001). Seers, Sibyls, and Sages in Hellenistic-Roman Judaism. BRILL. ISBN 9780391041103.
• Collins, John J. (2002). "Current Issues in the Study of Daniel". In Collins, John J.; Flint, Peter W.; VanEpps, Cameron (eds.). The Book of Daniel: Composition and Reception. BRILL. ISBN 978-9004116757.
• Collins, John J. (2003). "From Prophecy to Apocalypticism: The Expectation of the End". In McGinn, Bernard; Collins, John J.; Stein, Stephen J. (eds.). The Continuum History of Apocalypticism. Continuum. ISBN 9780826415202.
• Collins, John J. (2013). "Daniel". In Lieb, Michael; Mason, Emma; Roberts, Jonathan (eds.). The Oxford Handbook of the Reception History of the Bible. Oxford UNiversity Press. ISBN 9780191649189.
• McFall, Leslie (2009). "Do the sixty-nine weeks of Daniel date the messianic mission of Nehemiah or Jesus?" (PDF). Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society. 52 (4): 673–718.
• Rodriguez, Angel Manuel (1994). "The 70 Weeks and 457 B.C." Biblical Research Institute.
• Zuiddam, Benno A. (2013). "The Shock Factor of Divine Revelation: A Philological Approach to Daniel 8 and 9". Scandinavian Journal of the Old Testament. 27 (2): 247–67. doi:10.1080/09018328.2013.851515. S2CID 170653716.

Category:Angelic apparitions in the Bible Category:Biblical dreams and visions Category:Book of Daniel Category:Book of Daniel chapters Category:Christian eschatology Category:Christian terminology Category:Darius the Mede Category:Eschatology in the Bible Category:Gabriel Category:Nebuchadnezzar II Category:Seventh-day Adventist theology

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The spirit of bondage and of adoption

The spirit of bondage and of adoption is the title of John Wesley's ninth sermon, taking its theme from the text of Romans 8:15. In the text, St. Paul advises his readers in the Church in Rome, "you have not received the spirit of bondage again; you have received the spirit of adoption". From this starting point, Wesley says to his audience that each of them needs to know "what spirit they are of":

1. The state of a "natural man"
2. One who is "under the law"
3. One who is "under grace".

A natural man is characterised as being asleep, awaiting the call, Awake, thou that sleepest, and arise from the dead, and Christ shall give thee light. Eph. 5:14.

A man who is shaken out of his sleep by "some aweful providence" awakes into a consciousness of the danger he faces. He perceives that "the commandment is exceeding broad",, words taken from Psalm 119:96.

Celtic Christianity and Methodism in the north-east of England

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Incarnation, I came to save sinners, to save the lost etc. Cf. I came to find fruit e.g. Matthew Henry on Mark 11:12-18: The fig tree "was a figure of the doom upon the Jewish church, to which he came seeking fruit, but found none".

Luke 1:35

De Caussade: The duties, attractions and crosses of each moment are shadows concealing the truth of their divine character, just as the power of the most high overshadowed Mary.

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