User:Atejadaaaaa/new sandbox

Coordinates: 34°12′21″N 43°52′47″E / 34.20583°N 43.87972°E / 34.20583; 43.87972
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Not to be confused with Samara Mosque or Al-Askari Shrine.
Great Mosque of Samarra
Arabic: جَامِع سَامَرَّاء ٱلْكَبِيْر
مَسْجِد سَامَرَّاء ٱلْكَبِيْر
ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلْجَامِع فِي سَامَرَّاء
The spiral minaret of the mosque
Religion
AffiliationIslam
Ecclesiastical or organisational statusMosque and shrine
StatusActive
Location
LocationSamarra, Iraq
Atejadaaaaa/new sandbox is located in Iraq
Atejadaaaaa/new sandbox
Location in Iraq
Geographic coordinates34°12′21″N 43°52′47″E / 34.20583°N 43.87972°E / 34.20583; 43.87972
Architecture
FounderAl-Mutawakkil
Date established848 CE
Completed851 CE
Destroyed1278 CE
Specifications
Minaret(s)1
Minaret height52 metres (171 ft)
Official nameSamarra Archaeological City
CriteriaCultural: ii, iii, iv
Reference276
Inscription2007 (31st Session)
Endangered2007-
Area15,058 hectares (37,210 acres)
Buffer zone31,414 hectares (77,630 acres)

The Great Mosque of Samarra (Arabic: جَامِع سَامَرَّاء ٱلْكَبِيْر, romanized: Jāmiʿ Sāmarrāʾ Al-Kabīr, Arabic: مَسْجِد سَامَرَّاء ٱلْكَبِيْر, romanized: Masjid Sāmarrāʾ Al-Kabīr, or Arabic: ٱلْمَسْجِد ٱلْجَامِع فِي سَامَرَّاء, romanized: Al-Masjid Al-Jāmiʿ fī Sāmarrāʾ, lit. 'The Great Mosque in Samarra') is a mosque from the 9th century CE located in Samarra, Iraq. The mosque was commissioned in 848 and completed in 851 by the Abbasid caliph Al-Mutawakkil who reigned (in Samarra) from 847 until 861. The mosque is located within the 15,058-hectare (37,210-acre) Samarra Archaeological City UNESCO World Heritage Site, listed in 2007.[1]

History[edit]

The Great Mosque of Samarra was, for a time, the largest mosque in the world; its minaret, the Malwiya Tower, is a spiralling cone 52 metres (171 ft) high and 33 metres (108 ft) wide with a spiral ramp.[2] The reign of al-Mutawakkil had a great effect on the appearance of the city, for he seemed to have been a lover of architecture, and the one responsible for building the great Mosque of Samarra.[3] In a list of his building projects which appears in several different versions, the new Congregational Mosque and up to twenty palaces are mentioned, totalling between 258 and 294 million dirhams. The new Congregational Mosque, with its spiral minaret, built between 849 (235 AH) and 851 (235 AH), formed part of an extension of the city to the east, extending into the old hunting park.[4]

The mosque itself was destroyed in 1278 (656 AH) after Hulagu Khan's invasion of Iraq. Only the outer wall and its minaret remain.[5]

Former mosque[edit]

The mosque had 17 aisles, and its walls were paneled with mosaics of dark blue glass. It was part of an extension of Samarra eastwards. The art and architecture of the mosque were influential; stucco carvings within the mosque in floral and geometric designs represent early Islamic decoration. Additionally, the Mosque of Ibn Tulun in Cairo, Egypt, was based on the Samarra Mosque in many regards.[6] Both of the mosques have many similarities as they both are built in a big open space.

Full Arial View of Mosque

Minaret[edit]

Al-Minārat Al-Malwiyyah (Arabic: ٱلْمِنَارَة ٱلْمَلْوِيَّة, "The Twisted Minaret" or "The Snail Shell Minaret")[7][8] was originally connected to the mosque by a bridge. The minaret or tower was constructed in 848–852 of sandstone, and is unique among other minarets because of its ascending spiral conical design. Being 52 metres (171 ft) high and 33 metres (108 ft) wide at the base, the spiral contains stairs reaching to the top.[9]

The height of the Malwiya made it practical to be used for the call to prayer. It is visible from a considerable distance in the area around Samarra and therefore may have been designed as a strong visual statement of the presence of Islam in the Tigris Valley.[9]

The minaret's unique spiral design is said by some to be derived from the architecture of the Mesopotamian ziggurats.[10] Some consider the influence of the Pillar of Gor, built in Sassanian period, more prominent.[11]

In 2005 the top of the Malwiya minaret underwent a huge bombing. The famous minaret was partially destroyed by insurgents. Nearly 1000 years after it had been built it finally began to crumble because of today's weapons Many different stories and theories exist as why to the minaret was bombed. Some people do state that it was to directly attack the United States forces while others say that it was to cause internal chaos within the country. Since this did happen it has shortened the lifespan of the minaret than the initial lifespan that was predicted when it was first built.

structures[edit]

The minaret's spiral shape inspired Pritzker Architecture Prize winner Philip Johnson's design for the 1976 Chapel of Thanksgiving at Thanks-Giving Square in Dallas, Texas, the USA.[12][13][14] The minarets of a prominent UAE mosque, that of Sheikh Khalifa in Al Ain City, have been also been inspired by this minaret.[15]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Unesco names World Heritage sites". BBC News. 2007-06-28. Retrieved 2010-05-23.
  2. ^ "Historic Mosques site". Archived from the original on 2006-07-10.
  3. ^ Dennis, Sharp (1991). The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Architects and Architecture. New York: Whitney Library of Design. p. 204.
  4. ^ D. Hoag., John. Islamic Architecture. Electra/Rizzoli.
  5. ^ "مسجد سامرا ؛ برخوردار از مناره ای 53 متری و حلزونی شکل" (in Persian). Mehr News Agency. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
  6. ^ Behrens-Abouseif, Doris (2005), Islamic architecture in Cairo: an introduction, American University in Cairo Press, pp. 51–57
  7. ^ Kuban, Doğan (1974). "The Development of Early Mosque Architecture". The Mosque and Its Early Development. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 16.
  8. ^ Kleiner, Fred (2011). "The Islamic World". Gardner’s Art through the Ages: Backpack Edition, Book 3. Boston, the USA: CEngage Learning. p. 289.
  9. ^ a b Kleiner, Fred S.; Christin J. Mamiya (2005). Gardner's Art Through the Ages (12th ed.). Thomson Wadsworth.
  10. ^ Henri, Stierlin (1977). Comprendre l'Architecture Universelle 2. Fribourg, Switzerland: Office du Livre. p. 347. Great mosque, Samarra, was built during the caliphate of al-Mutawakkil. It is the largest mosque in the world. Built entirely of brick within a wall flanked with towers, it has a 55 m high minaret with a spiral ramp that recalls the ziggurats of Mesopotamia
  11. ^ "The city of Samarra was built during the Mu'tokul Abbasid period". Rch.ac.ir. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  12. ^ "Self-Guided Tour". Thanksgiving.org.
  13. ^ "Travel Tips: Thanks-Giving Chapel's Islamic Design a Visual, Spiritual Gem in Downtown Dallas". WRMEA. Retrieved 10 February 2019.
  14. ^ Schulze, Franz (15 June 1996). "Philip Johnson: Life and Work". University of Chicago Press. Retrieved 10 February 2019 – via Google Books.
  15. ^ Al Nuaimi, Rashid (2019-06-28). "Iconic Al Ain mosque work in final stages". Gulf Today. Retrieved 2019-07-24.
The Mosque Building Plan

[1][2]

The Great Minaret

[3][4]

[5][6]

External links[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Atejadaaaaa/new sandbox.

https://www.cemml.colostate.edu/cultural/09476/iraq05-060.html

https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/iraq/samarra-mosque.htm http://www.bisi.ac.uk/sites/bisi.localhost/files/Northedge_Historical_Topography_of_Samarra_I.pdfCategory:9th-century mosques https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rutgers-ebooks/reader.action?docID=489331

[Category:Mosques in Iraq|Great Samarra]] Category:Abbasid architecture Great Mosque Category:World Heritage Sites in Iraq Category:Islamic antiquities

  1. ^ "Great Mosque of Samarra'". www.globalsecurity.org. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  2. ^ "Iraq Significant Site 060 - Samarra — Al-Mutawakkil Mosque & Minaret al-Malwiya". www.cemml.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-09. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 38 (help)
  3. ^ http://www.bisi.ac.uk/sites/bisi.localhost/files/Northedge_Historical_Topography_of_Samarra_I.pdf. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  4. ^ https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/rutgers-ebooks/reader.action?docID=489331. {{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)CS1 maint: url-status (link)
  5. ^ "ProQuest Ebook Central". ebookcentral.proquest.com. Retrieved 2019-12-09.
  6. ^ "Iraq Significant Site 060 - Samarra — Al-Mutawakkil Mosque & Minaret al-Malwiya". www.cemml.colostate.edu. Retrieved 2019-12-09. {{cite web}}: no-break space character in |title= at position 38 (help)
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