Talk:Western Zone, Tigray

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Sourcing[edit]

Hello everyone. The references added in the most recent change ([1]) do not verify the claims made of "liberation" and "occupation". These claims may be accurate but we need sources to verify that. For now, I will try to the base the article on the sources we currently have, in line with Wikipedia's verifiability requirements. We can discuss further improvements here. Kind regards, Robby.is.on (talk) 08:46, 18 March 2021 (UTC)[reply]

@((User:Robby.is.on)) Why did you remove a very important detail, namely the first strike by TPLF? The confession by a high ranking TPLF official plus also visual recognition. I will restore that 2A02:A466:1107:1:8561:3D64:FBBE:D5BD (talk) 09:20, 18 March 2021 (UTC).[reply]
It's still there: "after Tigray People's Liberation Front forces had attacked a federal military base".
I removed the Youtube video because "MANKIRA" is not a reliable source. Robby.is.on (talk) 09:33, 18 March 2021 (UTC)[reply]
You removed again the confession of the attack on the military camp by the TPLF official, citing Too much detail for this article about a zone in Ethiopia. This is something for detailed articles about the territorial conflict. I disagree with your assesment. It is a crucial part of the history and a very important detail. You seemingly want to impose which details can be included or not. the camp in question is in the subject region. Restore what you deleted, or let's put it into arbitration?
The area in question is in dispute since the 1991 annexation by Tigray, this has to be taken into account with regarding NPOV considerations, this is seen as liberation by the Amhara region, yet you removed the statement from one of the parties, falsely saying annexation is misrepresentation of the sources when mutiple sources imply the area is contested, again persistent removals and imposition of your view, Other editors need to get involved, regarding the history of this area and your consistent removals of details, disregarding of sources & the points of view of the parties involved.
2A02:A466:1107:1:8561:3D64:FBBE:D5BD (talk) 17:10, 19 March 2021 (UTC)[reply]
Please use WP:INDENT.
I stand by my assessment. Accusations such as "you seemingly want to impose which details can be included or not" are in violation of WP:CIVIL. We are here to discuss what goes into the article after your bold changes were reverted; see WP:BRD.
As far as I can tell the sources do agree that the area is contested. But they do not mention "liberation" or "annexation".
this is seen as liberation – can you provide a source for that claim? if were to use the word "annexation" we would represent the view of one the the involved parties. None of the sources actually use the word (or any synonym). Robby.is.on (talk) 11:15, 20 March 2021 (UTC)[reply]

Move discussion in progress[edit]

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Disputed Zone[edit]

Since the beginning of the conflict the Zone has been under the administration of the Amhara region with the name Wolkait Tegede Setit Humera Zone. 129.242.251.236 (talk) 06:19, 4 May 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Disruptive editing and factual errors.[edit]

[2] edit by @The paradox guy: and the foreign affairs source doesn't say forcibly and illegally taken. The words used are gained control. It further gave background informant about the area, says Amharas saw it's incorporation into Tigray as an annexation, and alleged against Tigrayan civilians. User has introduced factual errors, and used language not corresponding with the source. Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 21:41, 3 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]

"ethnic Amharas viewed these changes as an annexation, believing that the territory should have become part of the Amhara regional state" The paradox guy (talk) 21:42, 3 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]
more:
"By March 2021, hundreds of thousands of Tigrayans, reeling from months of abuse and in dire need of humanitarian assistance, had been forcibly removed from the area or coerced into leaving." The paradox guy (talk) 21:43, 3 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]
@The paradox guy That is not the same as the sentence in the article about the take over of the administration. Again factual twist on your part. Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 21:50, 3 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]
You are just trolling now. Was the change legal? NO. The change is illegal and was done forcibly. That is a fact. The article shows how the area was annexed. What part of the edit is not acceptable? The paradox guy (talk) 21:54, 3 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]
@The paradox guy: The source does say TPLF annexed the land that should have belong to Amhara. The source doesn't explicity say the other way around, nor that it was forcibly done in context of change of administration, nor the word illegal being used. That is a factual error, and wordplay on your part. It's disputed territory, and if anything reading the source looks like kind off karma, payback. Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 22:01, 3 June 2022 (UTC)[reply]

Disruptive editing and abuse of sources[edit]

@AneTigrway: your misleading and disruptive [[3]] [[4]] used reliable sources of Daniel Kendie & Sonja John.[1][2]. to support these false claims of a tigray confederation and time periods not supported by the sources. Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 07:11, 14 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Starting from the late 17th C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 37 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains. Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region. They shortly fell under the administration of Begemder.

You also used Amazon links to books of Donald Levine [3], and Michael Russell[4] but quoted no pages. Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 07:11, 14 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

This is false accusation!!
"Starting from the late 17th C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 37 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains. Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region." This quote came directly came from the Belgian geographer Professor Jan Nyssen. He is a senior full professor at the Department of Geography, Ghent University (Belgium).This is the link given https://zenodo.org/record/7007604.
Moderators please go and check the link and fix it AneTigrway (talk) 02:05, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]
@AneTigrway: stop your misleading edits [[5]] you again used Daniel Kendie & Sonja John source for claims not stated in the sources. Sonja John says the indigenous, geographically and culturally Amhara territories of Welkait, Tegede, Tilimt, Humera and Raya were demarcated as part of the Tigray region. Daniel Kendie source read (pages 47-53), explains that the territories were always part of Begemder, and Amhara warlords from Semien, not Tigray, and the reasons for TPLF annexation of that territory was driven by agricultural land and corridor to Sudan. Stop abusing sources, in edits about Axumites [[6]] you used two sources that doesn't state Welkait was part of Tigray, neither Phillipson or Fattovich asserts Welkait as part of Tigray, as matter of fact Fattovich doesn't even mentions Welkait. Basically you're only source is from Jan Nyssen, a comprimised Belgian individual who made al sorts of claims. That doesn't take away your outright abuse of good sources that doesn't support your claims, or say exactly the opposite.[5] [6] Dawit S Gondaria (talk) 21:24, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]
Daniel Kendie is an Amhara trying to claim a land with political motives and I wouldn't consider him a reliable source. Infact, in direct contradiction to your writing "Edward Ullendorff in his book "The Ethiopians : an introduction to country and people by Ullendorff, Edward at page 36 and 37 states "Tigrigna - as the name implies- is a language of the Tigrai province. It is spoken throughout the Eritrean plateau and extends as far as lake Ashangai and the Wejerat districts, it then crosses the Takkaze westwards to the Tsellemti and Welkayt regions. And the people who speak this language at the authentic carriers of the historical and cultural transitions of the ancient Abyssinia".
so please correct this misleading "history" you wrote on the page @Dawit S Gondaria
" Historically, the areas situated west of the Tekeze river were not part of Tigray. Welkait, Tsegede, Kafta Humera (now called Western Tigray) and Tselemti in the North Western Zone at times the areas were autonomous provinces ruled by Amhara nobles and other times fell under the administration of Begemder." AneTigrway (talk) 12:19, 20 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ John, Sonja (2021). "The Potential of Democratization in Ethiopia: The Welkait Question as a Litmus Test". Journal of Asian and African Studies. 56 (5): 1007–1023. doi:10.1177/00219096211007657. S2CID 236898666.
  2. ^ Kendie, Daniel (1994). "Which Way the Horn of Africa: Disintegration or Confederation". Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies. 22 (1–2): 47–53. doi:10.5070/F7221-2016718.
  3. ^ Levine, Donald N. Wax and Gold: Tradition and Innovation in Ethiopian Culture. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
  4. ^ Russell, Michael (2018-05-23). Nubia and Abyssinia: Comprehending Their Civil History, Antiquities, Arts, Religion, Literature, and Natural History. HardPress.
  5. ^ Edwards, David N. (2013-06). "David W. Phillipson. Foundations of an African civilisation: Aksum & the northern Horn 1000 BC–AD 1300. x+294 pages, 94 illustrations. 2012. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer; 978-1-84701-041-4 hardback £ 40". Antiquity. 87 (336): 618–620. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00049309. ISSN 0003-598X. {{cite journal}}: Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ^ Fattovich, Rodolfo; Bard, Kathryn A. (2001). "The Proto-Aksumite Period: An Overview". Annales d'Éthiopie. 17 (1): 3–24. doi:10.3406/ethio.2001.987.

Disruptive editing and abuse of sources[edit]

There are many false claims and removal of the right edits made with sources by @Dawit S Gondaria. Can the Moderators please double check and correct?

"Prior to the 1990s, what is now the Western Zone was part of the historical province of Begemder, before being annexed into Tigray." This is factually wrong as can be proven by the following sources (all academic sources and articles by researchers).

Despite the brief and forceful annexation of WelQait by the Haileselassie and Dergue regimes in the 20th century (1941 to be exact), the demography remained predominantly Tigrayan, with 97% of the population being Tigrayan Welkait. This is because Tigrayans had settled in the region since the 1st century AD during the Axumite Kingdom, and the mere four decades of forceful annexation did not change the language (which remained Tigrigna) 1[7]https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7064013, , the culture (which remained Tigrayan) [8]https://www.unilibro.it/libro/dore-gianni-mantel-niecko-joanna-taddia-irma/quaderni-wolqayt-documenti-storia-sociale-dell-etiopia/9788878920170 and the place names (which remained in Tigrigna)[9]https://zenodo.org/record/7066265. When the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia was established by the 1991 constitution, regions were created based on settlement patterns, language, identity, and consent of the people [10]https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2021/07/16/the-tigray-amhara-boundary-should-be-resolved-by-constitutional-means/, as outlined in Article 46 of the FDRE Constitution [11]https://www.constituteproject.org/constitution/Ethiopia_1994.pdf. As such, WelQait was returned to Western Tigray, as over 97% of the population spoke Tigrigna, and their settlement patterns, culture, history, and identity were Tigrayan. However, since the start of the Tigray War in 2020, there have been reports of ethnic cleansing against Tigrayans by invading forces from Amhara, which have virtually cleansed as many as 723,000 Tigrayans from Western Tigray, according to reports from Human Rights Watch and a 2021 US State Department report by Blinken [12]https://edition.cnn.com/2021/03/10/politics/blinken-tigray-ethnic-cleansing/index.html.

This is undisputed fact and the most recorded history since the antiquity Preaxumite, Alumite, all the way to the modern history- Please refer to the references here https://www.tghat.com/2023/03/28/western-tigray-a-tigrayan-territory-since-antiquity/

TL;DR Adminstrative history of Western Tigray https://www.tghat.com/2023/03/28/western-tigray-a-tigrayan-territory-since-antiquity/

origin of Pre axumite kingdoms –1843=Tigray=3000yrs

1844-1847= Gonder=3 yrs

1848-1890= Tigray=42 yrs

1891-1896= bege/gonder=5 yrs

1897-1943=Tigray=46 yrs

1944-1990= Begemdir=46 yrs

1991- returned to Tigray

Now under ethnic cleansing by Amhara. So the identity is 100% Tigray. By allowing mis information Wikipedia is encouraging ethnic cleansing and genocide. https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/04/06/crimes-against-humanity-and-ethnic-cleansing-ethiopias-western-tigray-zone — Preceding unsigned comment added by AneTigrway (talk • contribs) 05:37, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Sources 1. The language spoken is Tigrigna as long as recorded history https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7064013 2. The culture remained Tigrayan - Before the forceful annexation of Western Tigray- the Italian ethnographer [Ellero] https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Ellero%7CGiovanni who was in Welkait in 1939-1940 before the foreceul annexation of WelQait to Gonder in 1944,Clealy states that WelQait is Tigrayan in Language, culture, and place names [13]https://www.unilibro.it/libro/dore-gianni-mantel-niecko-joanna-taddia-irma/quaderni-wolqayt-documenti-storia-sociale-dell-etiopia/9788878920170 . Belgian researches list of 574 place names as recorded by Ellero and his translators and clearly unambiguously state that WelQait was Tigrayan before the forceful annexation in 1944. 3. The names of the places are Tigrigna https://zenodo.org/record/7066265 4. The FDRE constitution clearly stated it as Tigray land https://sites.tufts.edu/reinventingpeace/2021/07/16/the-tigray-amhara-boundary-should-be-resolved-by-constitutional-means/ AneTigrway (talk) 01:50, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

False Narrations and information both in the history and demography of Western Tigray as Amhara land[edit]

The ethnic make up is never contested. WelQait is historically and ethnically Tigrayan but was forcefully annexed from 1944-1990 to Gonder by Haileslassie and Dergue regimes as a deliberate strategy to weaken Tigray and cut its borders from the rest of the world. Please check the following sources about the ethnic composition, mother tongue, identity and culture of WelQait before, during, and after the forceful annexation of WelQait.


1. Before the forceful annexation of WelQait- the Italian ethnographer [Ellero] https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni_Ellero%7CGiovanni who was in Welkait in 1939-1940 before the foreceul annexation of WelQait to Gonder in 1944,Clealy states that WelQait is Tigrayan in Language, culture, and place names [14]https://www.unilibro.it/libro/dore-gianni-mantel-niecko-joanna-taddia-irma/quaderni-wolqayt-documenti-storia-sociale-dell-etiopia/9788878920170 . Belgian researches list of 574 place names as recorded by Ellero and his translators and clearly unambiguously state that WelQait was Tigrayan before the forceful annexation in 1944 [15]https://zenodo.org/record/7066265.


2. During the forceful annexation of WelQait - Dergue census shows that WelQait remained Tigrayan both in Language and culture. https://www.ethiopia-insight.com/2022/11/17/amhara-nationalist-claims-over-western-tigray-are-a-smokescreen-for-ethnic-cleansing/ shows that even during the forceful annexation of WelQait to Gonder in Dergue time, the mother tongue language is shown to Tigrigna and the people are Tigrayan. Dergue officially complain about the inhabitants being Tigrayan and these more sympathetic towards TPLF is also recorded in the Dergue documents which are compiled in the evidences are given here https://www.quora.com/What-region-of-Ethiopia-does-the-area-called-Western-Tigray-rightfully-belong. Recent academic publications shows that the Dergue internal communications dated ate: 04/16/1984 GC states "TPLF has been freely roaming in Welkait and Tsegede weredas for the last five years and the people are Tigrinya speakers, the TPLF has found a fertile ground. A more robust detailed explanation isgiven here https://www.ethiopia-insight.com/2022/08/03/under-ethiopias-federal-system-western-tigray-belongs-in-tigray/


3. After the end of the forceful annexation - the census in 1994 and 2007 consistently show majority Tigrayan but an increase in percentage of Amhara residents. Tigrinya speakers were the majority in Welkait well before the emergence of the TPLF—which invalidates the assertion that TPLF needed to carry out resettlement to shift the demographics of the area in Tigray’s favor—there nonetheless was a resettlement of Tigrayans in what has become Western Tigray after the coming to power of TPLF-EPRDF. Some of the evidences are given in 1 and 2 above. The effect of these resettlement programs was negligible and that some areas in Western Tigray have actually seen an increase in the Amhara population while the number of Tigrayans decreased as can be seen from the census. This is because increased Amhara laborers influx to WelQait Humera as these areas start to demand more manpower for Sesam harvest seasons. Another reason is the relative peace and stability in WelQait and Western Tigray compared to the insecurity and kidnappings in Northern Gonder by bandits locally named Armachiho shifta “የኣርማጭሆ ሽፍታ” . Majority of these bandits from Northern Gonder were renamed "Gonder Fano" and are mainly responsible for the ethnic cleansing of Tigrayans as was proved by Human rights watch reports. AneTigrway (talk) 01:55, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

The name is wrong in Tigrigna.[edit]

The Western Zone (Tigrinya: ዞባ ምዕራባዊ) is wrong. It is called ዞባ ምዕራብ in Tigrigna. Whoever wrote it doesn't know Tigrigna and tried to appropriate Amharic "ምዕራባዊ" . AneTigrway (talk) 01:58, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Disruptive editing and abuse of sources[edit]

@Dawit S Gondaria "Historically, the areas situated west of the Tekeze river were not part of Tigray. Welkait, Tsegede, Kafta Humera (now called Western Tigray) and Tselemti in the North Western Zone at times the areas were autonomous provinces ruled by Amhara nobles and other times fell under the administration of Begemder. "

What pages of the sources exactly state that? This is wrong and deliberate misinformation. As the following academic sources say otherwise starting from Pre-axumite era （before 1c AD) all the way to modern times.

1. Hatsani Daniel mentions a toponym WYLQ possibly Welkait from Western Tigray https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273293662_David_W_Phillipson_Foundations_of_an_African_civilisation_Aksum_the_northern_Horn_1000_BC-AD_1300_x294_pages_94_illustrations_2012_Woodbridge_Boydell_Brewer_978-1-84701-041-4_hardback_40

2. The mention of Säb’a Welkait (ሰብኣ-ወልቃይት) is analogous to and parallel with Säb’a Enterta or Enderta (Enderta or Enterta People), Säb’a Agame (Agame People), Säb’a Azebo (Azebo People), Säb’a Womberta (Womberta People), and Säb’a Segli (Segli People), Säb’a Wejjerat (Wejjerat people) and the like we see in historical sources. It is an exact reference defining people (Säb’a) in a certain domain (Welkait) under the polity (Aksumite identity). source Fattovich and Bard, 2001:4 https://www.persee.fr/doc/ethio_0066-2127_2001_num_17_1_987 and Munro-Hay, 1991 https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/antiquaries-journal/article/abs/aksum-an-african-civilisation-of-late-antiquity-by-stuart-munrohay-240-160mm-pp-x-294-bibliography-index-67-ills-edinburgh-university-press-1991-isbn-0748601066-4000/5DB38BF1C8AB68BBFE0C739CB957DC5C

3. The mention of the walduba monastery as second of the five main religious sanctuaries in Tigray ``never molested by the troubles and horrors of Abyssinian war-Axum, Waldeba, Gunda Gundi, Debre Damo, Debre Abay“ in the book “Abyssinia and its People, or Life in the land of Prester John” in 1868 (see: page 13 https://www.africanidea.org/Border.pdf) confirms two facts: administrative history and identity.

4. James Bruce`s 18th century manuscript named as “MS Bruce 94“ states Welkait and its surrounding had Tigrinya-speaking Bete Israelite inhabitants: “in regions to the north and east of Gondär, namely Wälqayǝt, Ṭsägäde, Ṭsällämti, and Wag Hǝmra they [Bete Israel people] spoke Tigrinya…“(Dege-Müller: 2020: 14). https://www.academia.edu/81975866/The_Manuscript_Tradition_of_the_Bet%C3%A4_%C6%8Esra%CA%BEel_Ethiopian_Jews_Form_and_Content_A_Preliminary_Analysis

5. There are also Tigrinya names of flat-topped areas (Emba Redaè, Emba Falasha, Amba Adi Ero) where the Tigrayan Jewish lived according to 19th and early 20th-century European travelers (see: Abbink, 1990: 444 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/28646114_The_Enigma_of_Beta_Esra'el_Ethnogenesis_An_Anthro-Historical_Study ). The Tigrayan Bete Israelites associate their history to the history of the Ark of the Covenant, Pre-Aksumite times. There is the same community in Northwestern Tigray.

6. A preamble of versi abissini (ቅኔ፡ ሓበሻ) by Jacques Faitlovich (1910) https://www.africantriangle.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/MK_reduced.pdf stating historically, Tigrigna used to dominate a larger territory, than its map in EPRDF´s Tigray, in Lasta, Zebul, Yejiu, and Eastern Danakil areas, current Western Tigray and its outlying areas: “Tigrigna, Tigrinya or Tigrai, a language spoken…throughout the entire northern part of the Negus empire, on this side of the Tekazzé and on the other side of this river in the western provinces, in Tsegdie, Wolqaït, Waldebba and in a part of Tselemt. “


I can add more academic and historical written records if needed. Moderators of this page, please fix it. AneTigrway (talk) 02:16, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

1944 annexation of Western Tigray into Amhara as punishment of 1st Woyane rebellion in Tigray[edit]

1944 annexation of Western Tigray into Amhara as punishment of 1st Woyane rebellion in Tigray[edit]

Geographical and anthropological evidence show that Western Tigray has been part of Tigray since Pre-Axumite times also in the middle ages. But this land was taken to Amhara in 1944 by Haile Selassie to punish Tigray for Woyane rebellion.

The last Monarch prince Raesi Mengesha Seyoum also speaks how when growing up all Western Tigray and Southern Tigray to Alwuha Milash belonged to Tigray. Western Tigray and portions of Southern Tigray was taken from Tigray by Haileslassie in 1948EC and 1949EC (1955 and 1956 GC) and given to his son Algaworash Asfawoson as a gift to expand his administration and punish the Woyane peasant upraising despite the place belonging to Tigray under his father’s Raesi Seyoum rule[1] . The same is also testified by the grandson of the then ruler of Wolqait district Raesi Hagos[2] . The grandson of Raesi Araya (Uncle of King Yohannes IV) named Raesi Muuz also speaks the same facts [3].


During the forceful annexation of Western Tigray - Dergue census shows that Western Tigray remained Tigrayan both in Language and culture[4]. Dergue officially complain about the inhabitants being Tigrayan and these more sympathetic towards TPLF is also recorded in the Dergue documents which are compiled in the evidences are given here[5] . Recent academic publications shows that the Top-secret internal communication by DERG regarding the population of Welkait and Tsegede (Western Tigray, Ethiopia) dated 04/16/1984 GC states "TPLF has been freely roaming in Welkait and Tsegede weredas for the last five years and the people are Tigrinya speakers, the TPLF has found a fertile ground". A more robust detailed explanation is given here [6].


Sources

1.      , retrieved 2023-04-15

2.     ^ , retrieved 2023-04-15

3.     ^ . Retrieved 2023-04-15

4.     ^ . Retrieved 2023-04-15

5.     ^ . Retrieved 2023-04-15

6.     ^ , retrieved 2023-04-15 AneTigrway (talk) 03:35, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Western Tigray in Pre Axumite and Axumite kingdom[edit]

Pre Axumite and Axumite kingdom[edit]

Geographical and anthropological evidence show that Western Tigray has been part of Tigray since Pre-Axumite times [1][2] also in the middle ages as is clearly stated in 1833 book by Michael Russell ''NUBIA and ABYSSINIA: Comprehending Their Civil History, Antiquities, Arts, Religion, Literature, and Natural history’’ at page 79, Semien, WElQait, Waldba, and Lasta were part of Tigray province [3].

Geographical and anthropological evidence supports the claim that Western Tigray has been a part of Tigray since pre-Axumite times   and also during the middle ages. The mention of Säb’a Welkait (ሰብኣ-ወልቃይት) is analogous to and parallel with Säb’a Enterta or Enderta (Enderta or Enterta People), Säb’a Agame (Agame People), Säb’a Azebo (Azebo People), Säb’a Womberta (Womberta People), and Säb’a Segli (Segli People), Säb’a Wejjerat (Wejjerat people) and the like we see in historical sources. It is an exact reference defining people (Säb’a) in a certain domain (Welkait) under the polity (Aksumite identity). source Fattovich and Bard, 2001:4[2]  and Hatsani Daniel mentions a toponym WYLQ Welkait from Western Tigray . This fact is clearly stated in Michael Russell's 1833 book "NUBIA and ABYSSINIA: Comprehending Their Civil History, Antiquities, Arts, Religion, Literature, and Natural History" on page 79 [3]. According to the book, Semien, WelQait, Waldba, and Lasta were all part of the Tigray province.


Sources

  1. Edwards, David N. (2013-06). "David W. Phillipson. Foundations of an African civilisation: Aksum & the northern Horn 1000 BC–AD 1300. x+294 pages, 94 illustrations. 2012. Woodbridge: Boydell & Brewer; 978-1-84701-041-4 hardback £ 40". Antiquity. 87 (336): 618–620. doi:10.1017/S0003598X00049309. ISSN 0003-598X
  2. Fattovich, Rodolfo; Bard, Kathryn A. (2001). "The Proto-Aksumite Period: An Overview". Annales d'Éthiopie. 17 (1): 3–24. doi:10.3406/ethio.2001.987.
  3. Russell, Michael (1845). Nubia and Abyssinia: Comprehending their civil history, antiquities, arts, religion, literature, and natural history. Illustr. by a map, and several engravings. Harper.

AneTigrway (talk) 03:41, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Western Tigray in the Middle ages up to 1940s (1605-1944)[edit]

Middle ages (1605-1944)[edit]

Main article: Zemene Mesafint

109 historical and 31 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014) compiled by the researchers in Ghent University in Belgium show that starting from the late 17th C., internal boundaries are clearly shown, with 37 maps (between 1683 and 1941) displaying a boundary that is located well south of the Tekeze River, or even south of the Simien mountains. Welkait is explicitly included within a larger Tigray confederation (periods 1707-1794; 1831-1886; and 1939-1941); it is briefly mapped as part of Amhara in 1891-1894 and part of Gondar from 1944-1990. At other periods it appears independent or part of a larger Mezaga (“dark earth”) lowland region[1]. During the era of the princes, areas west of the Tekeze river was governed by Semien based heredietary. Ras Gebre of Semien was the governor of Semien, Tsegede, Wolkait and Wogera, his long reign lasted 44 years and came to an end in 1815. His son Haile Maryam Gebre succeeded him and reigned between 1815-1826 and was succeeded by his son Wube.[2][3][4]

The Semien warlord Wube Haile Maryam governed not only the western side of the Tekeze river since 1826 but also expanded into the east of the Tekeze river and conquered Tigray and areas of what is now in present-day Eritrea during the 1830's.[3][5][6]

AneTigrway (talk) 03:44, 15 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

References

  1. ^ Nyssen, Jan (2022-08-18), Western Tigray in 109 historical and 31 ethno-linguistic maps (1607-2014), Zenodo, retrieved 2023-04-15
  2. ^ Rosenfeld, Chris Prouty (1986). "The background of Taytu Betul Hayle Maryam". Empress Taytu and Menilek II Ethiopia 1883-1910. Ravens Educational & Development Services. pp. 26–43. ISBN 9780932415103.
  3. ^ a b Akyeampong, Emmanuel Kwaku; Gates, Henry Louis (2012). Dictionary of African biography vol 1-6. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 180–181. ISBN 9780195382075.
  4. ^ Mordechai, Abir (1968). Ethiopia: the Era of the Princes: The Challenge of Islam and Re-unification of the Christian Empire, 1769-1855. London: Longmans, Green. pp. 32–33. ISBN 9780582645172. OCLC 729977710.
  5. ^ Caulk, Richard (1984). "Bad Men of the Borders: Shum and Shefta in Northern Ethiopia in the 19th Century". The International Journal of African Historical Studies. 17 (2). Boston University African Center: 204. doi:10.2307/218604. JSTOR 218604.
  6. ^ Kendie, Daniel (1994). "Which Way the Horn of Africa: Disintegration or Confederation". Ufahamu: A Journal of African Studies. 22 (1–2): 47–53. doi:10.5070/F7221-2016718.

New translation shows Western Tigray and beyond part of Tigrigna speaking Tigray, 1965 publication[edit]

The article discusses the work of Eike Haberland(Published: Wiesbaden : Steiner, 1965), who wrote about the linguistic situation in Ethiopia and the distribution of Semitic languages. Haberland explains that the distribution of Semitic languages is not solely due to the influence of Aksumite colonization but also due to various South Arabian migrations. The article provides translated snippets from Haberland's work, which discuss the cultural differences and similarities between various Ethiopian tribes and their linguistic origins. It also notes that the core area of the Ethiopian Empire was limited during the time of Lebna Dengel and that the spread of Semitic-speaking peoples in Ethiopia likely occurred in spurts across the Red Sea. The article includes maps to illustrate these points.


Semitic language area in Ethiopia in the 14th C Map is shown below

This Map Shows that by 14C Not only Western Tigray but way deeper into South was speaking Tigrigna. Amharic was spoken at Central Ethiopia.

Map 1. Semitic language area in Ethiopia in the 14th C.

https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/S9tzaGZTnjl41T-XKpG4HrBLVu77R1AtgfzzSXvNkFBvTPrxFQKNrvhQK4u9L5Yy_dvtvGzqb7H8xxXCeEFd2bYLbNcftKqmi8fSIL4bIaLts98wlto9-fWuSRRoo2n-007PaFkwqpDz7oMHIw3mJA


source https://tghat.com/2023/04/18/eike-haberlands-extent-of-semitic-languages-in-the-horn-of-africa-through-time-with-3-maps/ AneTigrway (talk) 13:14, 19 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

Edits being deleted. We need Moderators in this page[edit]

My continuous edits about the history of Western Tigray from before 1000BC all the way to modern times was repeatedly deleted by the user @ Dawit S Gondaria misusing his privileges. We need neutral moderators in this page to use standards to review edits in this page. AneTigrway (talk) 13:18, 19 April 2023 (UTC)[reply]

About the Third Opinion request: The request made at Third Opinion has been removed (i.e. declined). Like all other moderated content dispute resolution venues at Wikipedia, Third Opinion requires thorough back-and-forth talk page discussion before seeking assistance. If an editor will not discuss, consider the recommendations which are made here (though in this particular case, that will not be needed unless the other editor is unblocked). — TransporterMan (TALK) 16:02, 20 April 2023 (UTC) This is an informational posting only and I am not watching this page; contact me on my user talk page if you wish to communicate with me about this.[reply]

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