Talk:Jiaozhi

Sources for article expansion

• Li Tana (2011), "Jiaozhi (Giao Chi) in the Han Period Tongking Gulf", The Tongking Gulf Through History, Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, ISBN 978-0-8122-4336-9.

which discusses how the area benefited from the need for packet coasting trade before sailing on the open sea was made possible in the 8th century, boasting 4 times as many households in AD 2 as Guangzhou: 92.4k to 19.6k. (Jiuzhen likewise had twice as many households: 35.7k.) It lists the major early ports as Hepu on the new Guangxi coast, Xuwen on the south end of Guangdong's Leizhou Peninsula, and "Nhat Nam" (i.e., Rinan). Hepu only produced pearls and traded them for rice grown in Jiaozhi; seeking steep price increases in the mid-2nd century, Hepu's magnates provoked Jiaozhi cutting them off and starvation. Jiuzhen also mostly hunted and traded with Jiaozhi for rice. Cowries—especially valued purple ones—came from the area and were used as currency even after it dropped out of favor in China. It may have been the actual terminus of Yunnan's "SW Silk Road", rather than India. Rock candy, fragrant & seaweed paper, glassware. Ceramic base within modern Tranh Hóa and at Hepu. Mulberry (dâu) gave name to river, 1st capital, and 1st Buddhist temple. &c.

• Loewe, Michael (2004), "Guangzhou: the Evidence of the Standard Histories from the Shi ji to the Chen shu, a Preliminary Survey", Guangdong: Archaeology and Early Texts (Zhou–Tang), Harrassowitz Verlag, pp. 51–80, ISBN 3-447-05060-8.
• Xiong, Victor Cunrui (2009), "Jiaozhi", Historical Dictionary of Medieval China, Lanham: Scarecrow Press, p. 251, ISBN 978-0-8108-6053-7.
• This,

which I suppose can't be used directly (seems to be an Indian thesis but doesn't include identifying information) but has numerous sources on the early spread of Buddhism to Leilou and other areas of Jiaozhi. — LlywelynII 00:36, 27 March 2015 (UTC)

Trương Thái Du: Research prehistory of Vietnam under Chinese classical Astronomy and Text

Based on my researching of Chinese Classical Astronomy and Text, this book is the latter version of the former "A New Approach on Old Issues Of Ancient Vietnamese History" - ISBN 9781310245367. The new name is "Research prehistory of Vietnam under Chinese classical Astronomy and Text" - ISBN: 9781370154548.

This book affirms that Nan Jiao 南交 , Jiao Zhi 交阯 , Xiang Jun 象郡 , Jiu Zhen 九真, and Ri Nan 日南 are united concepts related to Chinese Classical Astronomy.

Nan Jiao 南交 is a 4,000 year old astronomical observatory. The first meaning of Jiao Zhi 交阯 is the southern region located next to Nan Jiao南交. Next, Jiao Zhi 交阯 refers to a southern region sharing the border with the Chinese Empire. Within thousand years of southern expansion by different reigns, Jiaozhi located in Hubei of Western Zhou 西周. Before 239 BC, Jiaozhi located between Hunan and Guizhou. Until Eastern Han 東漢 time, Jiaozhi was officially appeared on the Chinese map as a province Jiaozhibu 交阯部 including Jiaozhi district 交阯郡 and eight other districts.

During the reign of Qin 秦, Jiaozhi was Xiangjun 象郡. The Xiangjun region was confirmed as Jiaozhi by meaning and by astronomical pre-observation.

Jiuzhen 九真 means “the root of the sun” which is similar to the Equator. Rinan 日南 (Sun south) means the southern region of the sun. In Rinan, the gnomon's shadow is always located in the south, which is the Southern hemisphere from Tropic of Capricorn to South Pole.

The above terms’ meanings will change the important details of China’s southern provincial history as well as Vietnam’s.

*k(ə)ra:w an Austro-Asiatic etymon

The speculation that Jiao, Lao may have derived from an Austroasiatic etymon does not equate to the existence of the Austroasiatics in the Red River delta. The Austro-asiatics lived further south in the Annamite mountains and the area west of the Red River delta, in present-day northern Laos. Gustmeister (talk) 11:12, 3 April 2018 (UTC)