Simandhar

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Simandhar Swami)

Simandhar
Murti of Simandhar, Shri Simandhar Swami Jain Temple, Ujjain
Other namesHelds being saint (Sanyam ni sima ne dharan karnar)
Predecessorhimself 1st
SuccessorYugmandhar
SymbolBull
Height500 Dhanush
Age84 lac purv
ColorGold
Personal information
Parents
  • Shreyans (father)
  • Satyaki (mother)
SpouseRukamani
Part of a series on
Jainism
Philosophy
Ethics
Ethics of Jainism
Mahavratas (major vows)
Anuvratas (further vows)
Jain prayers
Major figures
Major sects
Schools and Branches
Jain literature
Festivals
Pilgrimages
Tirth
Other

Simandhar or Simandhara[1] is a Tīrthaṅkara, an arihant, who is said to be currently living in another world in the Jain cosmological universe.

Residence in Jain cosmology[edit]

Simandhar resides at Mahavideh Kshetra, another land within the Jain cosmological universe (see Jain cosmology).[2][3][4]

The five lands of the Bharat Kshetra are currently in the fifth Ara (a degraded time-cycle in which Tirthankaras do not take birth).[5][6] The most recent Tirthankara present on Bharata Kshetra (present world) was Vardhamana Mahavira, whom historians estimate lived between 599 and 527 BCE, the last in a cycle of 24 Tirthankaras.[7][8]

On Mahavideh Kshetra, the fourth Ara (a spiritually elevated time-cycle) exists continuously. There, Tirthankaras perpetually are born.[9][5] There are 5 Mahavideh Kshetras, each being a separate land. At present, there are 4 Tirthankaras residing in each Mahavideh Kshetra. Thus there are a total of 20 Tirthankaras residing there, Simandhar being one among them.[3][10]

Biography per Jain tradition[edit]

Simandhar is a living Tirthankara, an Arihant, who is said to be currently present on another world in the Jain cosmological universe.[11][12] The Arihant Simandhar is believed to be currently 150,000 earth years old (equivalent to 49 years at Mahavideh Kshetra), and has a remaining lifespan of 125,000 earth years.[13][14] He lives in the city of Pundarikgiri, the capital of Pushpakalavati, one of 32 geographical divisions on Mahavideh Kshetra.[3][15][16] Pundarikgiri is ruled by King Shreyans, who is Simandhar's father. His mother is Satyaki. While pregnant with Simandhar, Satyaki had a sequence of auspicious dreams indicating that she would give birth to a Tirthankara.[17][18] Simandhar was born with three complete aspects of jnana, or self-knowledge:

As a young adult, he married Rukamani and then, later in life, took diksha, renunciation from worldly life.[17]

Simandhar's height is 500 dhanushya, approximately 1,500 feet, which is considered an average height for the people of Mahavideh Kshetra.[3]

Worship[edit]

Iconography[edit]

Simandhara is usually depicted in a sitting or standing meditative posture with the symbol of a bull beneath him.[20] Every Tīrthankara has a distinguishing emblem that allows worshippers to distinguish similar-looking idols of the Tirthankaras.[21][22][23]

  • Simandhara in Digambar Jain temple, Ujjain
    Simandhara in Digambar Jain temple, Ujjain
  • Idol of Simandhar at Trimandir, Vadodara
    Idol of Simandhar at Trimandir, Vadodara

Main temples[edit]

See also[edit]

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Simandhar Swami.

Notes[edit]

  1. ^ Cort, John (21 January 2010). Framing the Jina: Narratives of Icons and Idols in Jain History. Oxford University Press. p. 185. ISBN 978-0-19-045257-5.
  2. ^ Natubhai Shah 2004.
  3. ^ a b c d University, Jain, Mahavideh Kshetra (PDF), Jain University, archived from the original (PDF) on 16 May 2012
  4. ^ Darshan, Jain. "Mahavideh Kshetra" (PDF). Jain Darshan. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  5. ^ a b Jainism, My. "Kaal Chakra" (PDF). My Jainism. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2 December 2013.
  6. ^ Jaini 1998, pp. 30–32.
  7. ^ "Jain Meditation". Archived from the original on 27 April 2012.
  8. ^ Jaini 1998, pp. 1–41.
  9. ^ Tirthankaras, Jain. "24 Tirthankaras". Jain Tirthankaras.
  10. ^ Atmadharma.com. "Adhyatma Pravachanratnatray" (PDF). Atmadharma.com.
  11. ^ Pravin K Shah, pp. 1–3.
  12. ^ Umich. "Arihants". Umich.edu.
  13. ^ "Trimandir - Simandhar Swami | Lord Simandhar Swami | trimandir.org". www.trimandir.org. Retrieved 19 July 2023.
  14. ^ Dadashri 2005, p. 24.
  15. ^ Gyan, Jain. "Mahavideh Kshetra". Jain Gyan. Archived from the original on 3 December 2013. Retrieved 27 November 2013.
  16. ^ Dadashri 2005, p. 15.
  17. ^ a b "Simandhar Swami". Jain World. Retrieved 25 November 2013.
  18. ^ Dalal, Deepika, Arihant Simandhar Swami (PDF), JAINA, p. 3
  19. ^ Jaini 1998, p. 3.
  20. ^ Shah 1987, p. 101.
  21. ^ Encyclopædia Britannica.
  22. ^ Krishna 2014, p. 34.
  23. ^ Zimmer 1953, p. 225.

References[edit]

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Simandhar&oldid=1220375505"