Phyllolepididae

Phyllolepididae Temporal range: Devonian
Austrophyllolepis ritchiei and Bothriolepis mawsoni
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	†Placodermi
Order:	†Arthrodira
Clade:	†Phyllolepida
Family:	†Phyllolepididae Woodward 1891
Type species
Phyllolepis concentrica Agassiz 1844
Genera
Phyllolepis Agassiz, 1844 Austrophyllolepis Long, 1984 Placolepis Ritchie, 1984 Yurammia Young, 2005 Cowralepis Ritchie, 2005 Cobandrahlepis Ritchie, 2005

Phyllolepididae is one of two families of phyllolepid placoderms. The family, as a whole, is believed to be descended from the Chinese placoderm, Gavinaspis (which forms the other, monotypic family, "Gavinaspididae"). All but two genera are, more or less, restricted to freshwater habitats of the Early to Middle Devonian of Australia. By the Frasnian, the genus Placolepis would spread throughout the world, with fossils being found in Australia, Turkey, Venezuela, and Antarctica, and by the start of the Famennian, phyllolepids would become extinct in Australia (then eastern Gondwana), with only species of Phyllolepis surviving in freshwater environments of Europe and North America.

With the exception of Yurammia. all phyllolepids have distinct ornamentation consisting primarily of concentric rings.

Genera

Phyllolepis

The type genus is restricted to freshwater Famennian strata of Europe and North America. It is also the youngest genus of phyllolepid, being the only taxon that survived the Frasnian-Famennian extinction event. Most species are known only from isolated or fragmented plates. Gill arches seen in whole fossils of the recently described P. thomsoni, together with the castanets-shaped mouths typical of the family, confirm that phyllolepids were suctorial predators analogous to goosefish or flatheads.

Placolepis

This Frasnian genus is the most widespread phyllolepid, with fossils found in Australia, Turkey, Venezuela and Antarctica.