ORP Mazur
 ORP Mazur (c. 1935–1939)
| |
| History | |
|---|---|
 German Empire | |
| Name | V-105 |
| Builder | |
| Laid down | 1914 |
| Launched | August 26, 1914 |
| Commissioned | March 23, 1915 |
| Fate | Assigned to Brazil, 1919; later sold to Poland |
 Poland | |
| Name | ORP Mazur |
| Acquired | 1920 |
| Decommissioned | September 1, 1939 |
| Fate | Sunk 1 September 1939 |
| General characteristics | |
| Class and type | V-105 class torpedo boat |
| Displacement |
|
| Length | 62.60 m (205 ft 5 in) |
| Beam | 6.20 m (20 ft 4 in) |
| Draft | 2.50 m (8 ft 2 in) |
| Propulsion |
|
| Speed | 27 knots (50 km/h; 31 mph) |
| Range |
|
| Complement | 80 |
| Armament |
|
ORP Mazur was a torpedo boat, then gunnery training ship of the Polish Navy. She was the former German torpedo boat V-105.[1] She took part in the Polish Defensive War and was sunk by German bombers on September 1, 1939, as the first combat ship lost in the war.
History[edit]
She was built in 1914 by Stettiner Maschinenbau A.G. Vulcan in Stettin, Germany (now in Poland). She was begun for a Dutch Navy order, as Z-1 (along with three sister ships Z-2 – Z-4), but after the outbreak of World War I she was confiscated by Germany and commissioned as torpedo boat V-105. During a division of the German ships after the war in December 1919, Poland was assigned only six torpedo boats, due to a reluctance of the British to strengthen newborn navies.[2] V-105 was first assigned to Brazil, but then bought by a British dockyard and finally in 1921 exchanged with Poland for another torpedo boat (A-69), needed for spares, for extra charge £900 from the Poles.[2] Poland also received her sister ship, V-108 as well (later the Polish ORP Kaszub), and four smaller torpedo boats. V-105 was in a bad condition and after some repairs in Rosyth, in September 1921 she was towed from Great Britain to Free City of Danzig, now Gdańsk.
Polish service[edit]
After a refit, she was commissioned in the Polish Navy on August 2, 1922, under the name ORP Mazur (named after the Mazurian people). She served in a torpedo boat unit (Dywizjon Torpedowców) and wore identification letters MR. In 1931 she was rebuilt as a gunnery training ship, and her armament changed to four 75 mm guns instead of torpedo tubes.[3] The silhouette changed because of a lengthening of a bow deck and removing a well before a bridge.[3] From 1935 she underwent a modernization, during which the ship lost a second funnel and after mast, returning to service in 1937. The fourth gun was replaced by 40 mm Vickers 2-pounder gun.[3]
Demise[edit]
On the first day of World War II, September 1, 1939, ORP Mazur, commanded by Lieutenant Tadeusz Rutkowski, was in a port of Oksywie. At 2 pm she was at a pier, preparing to leave port, when she was attacked by German Junkers Ju 87s from IV./LG.1.[4] The ship suffered one close hit and a hit amidships, and sunk still firing at the German aircraft. A crew member, although the ship was sinking, kept firing until waves washed him overboard, which was First Lieutenant Jacek Dehnel, the grandfather of the Polish poet and writer Jacek Dehnel.[5][6] About 40 of the crew were killed. She was one of the first two ships sunk during the war, the other was an auxiliary ship (divers' tender) ORP Nurek. The wreck was scrapped by the Germans.
Gallery[edit]
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Bow 75 mm guns after refit -
ORP Mazur in 1927-1931 -
ORP Mazur in 1932-1934
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References[edit]
- ^ Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1906–1921 Google Books page
- ^ a b Michał Kochan (in Polish): Przyznanie i remont torpedowców w Wielkiej Brytanii oraz ich rejs do Polski [Assignment and refit of torpedo boats in Great Britain and their trip to Poland], in: Okręty Wojenne Nr. 4/2001, p. 33-34
- ^ a b c Piwowoński (1989), pp. 261–262.
- ^ Jürgen Rohwer, Chronik des Seekrieges 1939–1945
- ^ Pertek, Jerzy: Mała flota wielka duchem, Poznań 1989, page 13–17.
- ^ Przeglad Morski naval magazine December 2008 Nr 12 magazine as pdf document
Bibliography[edit]
- Dodson, Aidan (2019). "Beyond the Kaiser: The IGN's Destroyers and Torpedo Boats After 1918". In Jordan, John (ed.). Warship 2019. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. pp. 129–144. ISBN 978-1-4728-3595-6.
- Piwowoński, Jan (1989). Flota spod biało-czerwonej [The Fleet of the white-red ensign] (in Polish). Warsaw: Nasza Księgarnia. ISBN 83-10-08902-3.
See also[edit]
Shipwrecks and maritime incidents in September 1939 | |
|---|---|
| Shipwrecks |
|
| Other incidents |
|
- Ships built in Stettin
- World War I torpedo boats of Germany
- World War II naval ships of Poland
- Torpedo boats of the Polish Navy
- World War II shipwrecks in the Baltic Sea
- 1914 ships
- Maritime incidents in September 1939
- Ships sunk by German aircraft
- Torpedo boats of the Imperial German Navy
- Shipwrecks of Poland