Mary Turok
Mary Turok | |
|---|---|
| Member of the National Assembly | |
| In office May 1994 – June 1999 | |
| Personal details | |
| Born | Mary Elizabeth Butcher |
| Citizenship | South Africa |
| Political party | African National Congress |
| Other political affiliations | |
| Spouse | |
| Children | 3, including Neil Turok |
| Alma mater | University of Cape Town |
Mary Elizabeth Turok (née Butcher) is a retired South African politician and former anti-apartheid activist who represented the African National Congress (ANC) in the National Assembly from 1994 to 1999. A veteran of the South African Communist Party (SACP) and Congress of Democrats, she lived in exile from 1964 to 1990 after her husband, Ben Turok, was imprisoned for his activism.
Early life and activism[edit]
Turok attended the University of Cape Town, where she became involved in progressive politics and met Ben Turok, the man she married;[1] she succeeded him as the secretary of Cape Town's Modern Youth Society.[2] She was among the first white activists to join the ANC's 1952 Defiance Campaign,[3] although membership of the ANC itself was at that time limited to black Africans.
She was a founding member of the Congress of Democrats (COD) and was COD's delegate to the All-African Peoples' Conference, and she also joined the SACP, at that time banned by the apartheid government.[1] She was detained for six months for aiding the illegal ANC.[1][4] Albie Sachs, who was her political colleague at the time, later said that she was both "warm and formidable".[5]
In 1965, Turok's husband was released on house arrest after serving a three-year sentence for his activities with Umkhonto we Sizwe, and the couple fled South Africa with their children to evade further police attention. They remained in exile, primarily in Britain, for the next 24 years.[1][2]
Turok and her family returned to South Africa in early February 1990, shortly after President F. W. de Klerk announced that his government would unban the ANC and SACP to facilitate negotiations to end apartheid.[2] She joined the ANC structures that were being re-established inside the country after the party's return to exile,[6] and she publicly advocated for women to participate in the ongoing democratic transition, writing in the Star in 1992:
Nowhere in the world have women been handed equality on a plate; everywhere they have had to fight for it. South Africa will be no exception. We do not want our daughters to turn on us in the years to come and ask: 'Where were you when the Bill of Rights and the new Constitution were being drafted?'[7]
Legislative career[edit]
In the 1994 general election, South Africa's first under universal suffrage, Turok was elected to an ANC seat in the National Assembly, the new lower house of the South African Parliament.[8] Her husband joined her in another ANC seat in 1995; in 1998, the parliamentary register of members' interests recording that they were the richest members of Parliament, sharing R1.5 million in shareholdings.[9] Turok served a single term in her seat and left after the 1999 general election.
Retirement and personal life[edit]
Turok had three children – Neil, Fred, and Ivan – with her husband Ben, who died in December 2019.[1][10] After retiring from frontline politics, the couple retired to the coastal suburbs of Cape Town, and Turok was an active member of the Muizenberg Tenants' Association[11] and later of the Noordhoek Ratepayers' Association.[4]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e "Mary Butcher Turok". South African History Online. 31 March 2020. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ a b c Joseph, Natasha (2014). "Cape crusader: Interview with South Africa's Ben Turok". Index on Censorship. 43 (2): 88–92. doi:10.1177/0306422014534385. ISSN 0306-4220. S2CID 147525539.
- ^ "Participants in the 1952 Defiance Campaign". South Africa: Overcoming Apartheid. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ a b Kotze, Karen (12 December 2019). "Anti-apartheid activist Turok remembered". False Bay Echo. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ "Turok dedicated life to welfare of all South Africans". Jewish Report. 12 December 2019. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ Turok, Ben (11 December 2019). "Ben Turok: A political insider, but not so embedded as to be defensive". City Press. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ Britton, Hannah E. (2002). "Coalition Building, Election Rules, and Party Politics: South African Women's Path to Parliament". Africa Today. 49 (4): 40. doi:10.1353/at.2003.0036. ISSN 0001-9887. JSTOR 4187530.
- ^ "Minutes of proceedings of the Constitutional Assembly" (PDF). Department of Justice and Constitutional Development. 24 May 1994. Retrieved 2 April 2023.
- ^ Lodge, Tom (2003). Politics in South Africa: From Mandela to Mbeki. David Philip. p. 272. ISBN 978-0-85255-870-6.
- ^ Herman, Paul (9 December 2019). "ANC veteran Ben Turok has died". News24. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- ^ "New century, new town". The Mail & Guardian. 2 November 2001. Retrieved 19 April 2023.
- Living people
- University of Cape Town alumni
- African National Congress politicians
- Members of the National Assembly of South Africa
- Women members of the National Assembly of South Africa
- Members of the South African Communist Party
- 20th-century South African politicians
- 21st-century South African politicians
- 21st-century South African women politicians
- 20th-century South African women politicians
- White South African anti-apartheid activists