Iqbal Khan (general)
Muhammad Iqbal Khan | |
|---|---|
 Khan (right) c. 1980 | |
| Birth name | Mohammad Iqbal Khan |
| Nickname(s) | M.I. Khan |
| Born | Pindi Gheb, Punjab, British India |
| Died | Rawalpindi, Punjab, Pakistan |
| Allegiance |  British Raj (1944-1947) Pakistan (1947-1984) |
| Service/ |  British Indian Army Pakistan Army |
| Years of service | 1944–1984 |
| Rank |  General |
| Service number | PA – 2052[1] |
| Unit | Guides Infantry, Frontier Force |
| Commands held | Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Deputy Chief of Army Staff V Corps in Karachi IV Corps in Lahore Chief of General Staff, Army GHQ 33rd Infantry Division, Quetta DG Military Intelligence (DG MI) |
| Battles/wars | Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Baloch insurgency of 1970s Soviet–Afghan War |
| Awards |  Nishan-e-Imtiaz (Military) Hilal-e-Imtiaz (Military) Sitara-e-Imtiaz (Military) Sitara-e-Basalat |
Mohammad Iqbal Khan NI(M) HI(M) SI(M) SBt (Urdu: اقبال خان) (1924–2000) was a senior general in the Pakistan Army who served as the third Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee from being appointed in 1980 until 1984.[2][3]
Biography[edit]
Mohammad Iqbal Khan was educated and graduated from the Military College in Jhelum and was commissioned in the British Indian Army in 1944.[3] He joined the Guides Infantry in the 2nd Frontier Force Regiment as 2nd-Lt. and later serving in the first war with India on Kashmir front in 1947.[3][4]
After participating in Second war with India in 1965, Brigadier Iqbal was appointed as the Director-General of the Military Intelligence in 1969, and was politically involved in supporting the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) against the Awami League.: 50 [5] Eventually, Brig. Iqbal held the responsibility of Military Intelligence in 1971.[6]
In 1971–73, Major-General Iqbal held the command of the 33rd Infantry Division in Quetta as its GOC, and oversaw the military operations against the armed insurgency groups in Balochistan in Pakistan.[7]
In 1974, Major General Iqbal was posted as Chief of General Staff (CGS) under Chief of Army Staff General Tikka Khan at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi which he served until 1976.[8] In 1976, Maj-Gen. Iqbal was promoted to the three-star rank army general and was posted as field commander of the IV Corps based in Lahore.[9]
In 1977, Lieutenant-General Iqbal took over the control of the Punjab in Pakistan as its martial law administrator when Chief of Army Staff Gen. Zia-ul-Haq imposed the martial law against the civilian government on 5 July 1977.: 194 [10] Lt-Gen. Iqbal was later rotated when Lt-Gen. Sawar Khan took command of the IV Corps, and appointed as the field commander of the V Corps and served as the martial law administrator of Sindh in Pakistan.[11]
In 1978, Lt-Gen. Iqbal was again posted at the Army GHQ in Rawalpindi when he was appointed as the Deputy Chief of Army Staff (DCOAS) under President Zia-ul-Haq.: 430 [12] During this time, he was appointed as the Colonel Commandant of the Frontier Force Regiment, which he served until his retirement in 1984.[1]
Chairman Joint chiefs (1980–1984)[edit]
In 1980, Lt-Gen. Iqbal, who at that time was the senior military officer in the military, was promoted to the four-star rank and appointed as the Chairman Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee.: 156 [12]
In 1980, Gen. Iqbal played a crucial role in maintaining of the Afghan Arabs in the country and supported the anti-Russian agitation when Soviet Union intervened in Afghanistan.: contents [13] Gen. iqbal eventually and coordinated the national security meetings concerning the covert efforts in Afghanistan.: contents [13]: viii [14] In 1984, Gen. Iqbal completed his four-year term and eventually retired from the military.[2]
Awards and decorations[edit]
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| Nishan-e-Imtiaz
(Order of Excellence) |
Hilal-e-Imtiaz
(Crescent of Excellence) | ||
| Sitara-e-Imtiaz
(Star of Excellence) |
Sitara-e-Basalat
(Star of Good Conduct) |
Tamgha-e-Diffa
(General Service Medal) |
Tamgha-e-Jang 1965 War
(War Medal 1965) |
| Tamgha-e-Jang 1971 War
(War Medal 1971) |
Pakistan Tamgha
(Pakistan Independence Medal) 1947 |
Tamgha-e-Sad Saala Jashan-e-
(100th Birth Anniversary of Muhammad Ali Jinnah) 1976 |
Tamgha-e-Jamhuria
(Republic Commemoration Medal) 1956 |
| Hijri Tamgha
(Hijri Medal) 1979 |
Order of Military Merit
(Jordan) |
War Medal 1939-1945 | United Nations
(Congo Clasp) |
Foreign Decorations[edit]
| Foreign Awards | ||
|---|---|---|
 Jordan
|
The Order of Military Merit |
|
 UK
|
War Medal 1939-1945 |
|
 UN
|
UN UNOC 1 Medal |
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References[edit]
- ^ a b Pakistan (1978). The Gazette of Pakistan. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ a b "CJCSC office in Pakistan and the world over". The News International. Islamabad. 8 October 2013. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ a b c "Honours of MCJ". Military College Jhelum. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ A.H. Amin. "Interview with Brig (retd) Shamim Yasin Manto" Archived 2013-05-03 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, February 2002
- ^ Siddiqi, brigadier Abdul Rahman (2004). East Pakistan, the endgame : an onlooker's journal, 1969-1971. Karachi: Oxford University Press. p. 260. ISBN 9780195799934.
- ^ Hamid Hussain. "Demons of December" Archived 2011-06-09 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, 2002 December
- ^ Sehgal, Maj. Ikram (23 August 2007). "Learning from experience". The Daily Star. Islamabad. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ A.H. Amin "Remembering Our Warriors: Maj Gen (Retd) Tajammal Hussain Malik" Archived 2016-03-03 at the Wayback Machine Defence Journal, September 2001
- ^ "Remembering Our Warriors". www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ Norman, Omar (2013). "(§Ethnic Conflict)". Pakistan:Political and Economics History since 1947 (google books). New York [u.s.]: Routledge. p. 225. ISBN 9781136143946. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ Rizwan Hussain. Pakistan and the Emergence of Islamic Militancy in Afghanistan Ashgate Publishing, 2005, ISBN 0-7546-4434-0
- ^ a b "Pakistan under Zia, 1977–1988" by Shahid Javed Burki Asian Survey, Vol. 28, No. 10 (October, 1988), pp. 1082–1100
- ^ a b Hilali, A. Z. (2017). US-Pakistan Relationship: Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan. Routledge. ISBN 9781351876223. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
- ^ Matinuddin, Kamal (1991). Power struggle in the Hindu Kush: Afghanistan, 1978-1991. Wajidalis. Retrieved 6 April 2018.
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- People from Rawalpindi District
- British Indian Army officers
- Frontier Force Regiment officers
- Indian military personnel of World War II
- Pakistani generals
- Pakistani military personnel of the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971
- Governors of Punjab, Pakistan
- Military government of Pakistan (1977–1988)
- Chairmen Joint Chiefs of Staff Committee
- People of the Soviet–Afghan War
- Recipients of Nishan-e-Imtiaz
- Recipients of Sitara-i-Imtiaz