Hildr Hrólfsdóttir
Hildr[1] or Ragnhildr[2] Hrólfsdóttir was a 9th-century woman who is referenced in various Old Norse sources including Óláfs saga helga, Orkneyinga saga, and Landnámabók and is also one of the few female skalds from whom verses survive.
According to the sagas, Hild was the daughter of Rolv Nefia (Hrólfr nefja), jarl at Trondhjem (modern Trondheim). In the Orkneyinga saga, the daughter of Rolv Nefia is called Ragnhild, although in the Heimskringla she is called Hild. Her father used to go on viking expeditions. One summer he plundered in Vík. This aroused King Harald Fairhair's anger and he was banished. Hild appealed unsuccessfully for clemency for her father. On this occasion she composed a skaldic stanza (lausavísa), which is one of the few examples of skaldic poetry composed by a woman that have come down to us.[3]
She was married to Rognvald Eysteinsson, who was the jarl of Møre. They had three sons: Ivar (Ívarr), Thorir (Þórir), and Rolv (Hrólfr). Thorir succeeded his father as jarl of Møre. Rolv (Hrólfr), nicknamed Gǫngu-Hrólfr (Rolv the Walker), became known as Rollo of Normandy. The death of Ivar during an earlier campaign in support of King Harald Fairhair resulted in the Northern Isles (Norðreyar) being gifted to his family as compensation. According to the Historia Norvegiae, Rognvald's family conquered Orkney and the Shetland Islands in the late 9th century.[4][5][6][7]
References[edit]
- ^ In Haralds saga hárfagra (24) and Óláfs saga Tryggvasonar en mesta (95).
- ^ In Landnámabók (S 309 / H 270) and Orkneyinga saga (4).
- ^ "Hildr Lv 1". Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
- ^ Claus Krag. "Ragnvald Øysteinsson Mørejarl". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Archived from the original on 17 January 2015. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ Claus Krag. "Rollo Gange-Rolv Ragnvaldsson". Norsk biografisk leksikon (in Norwegian). Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "The Norse colonisation". Orkneyjar. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
- ^ "Viking Stories Of Rognvald's Family". teleport.com. Retrieved 25 May 2016.
Related reading[edit]
- Crawford, Barbara (1987) Scandinavian Scotland (Leicester University Press, Leicester) ISBN 0-7185-1282-0
- Muir, Tom (2005) Orkney in the Sagas: The Story of the Earldom of Orkney as told in the Icelandic Sagas (The Orcadian. Kirkwall) ISBN 0954886232.
- Pálsson, Hermann and Edwards, Paul Geoffrey (1981) Orkneyinga Saga: The History of the Earls of Orkney (Penguin Classics) ISBN 0-14-044383-5