Gassulawiya

Gassulawiya was a Hittite queen of the king Mursili II, ruler of the Hittite Empire (New kingdom) ca. 1321–1295 BC (short chronology).^[1]

Family[edit]

Gassulawiya is known to have had several children including a daughter named Massanauzzi (referred to as Matanaza in correspondence with Ramesses II) married to Masturi, a ruler of a vassal state, and three sons named Muwatalli, Hattusili III and Halpasulupi. Mursili had further children with a second wife named Tanuhepa. Their names have not been recorded however.^[2]

Himuili?^[a]

Tudhaliya I/II^[b]

Nikkalmati^[c]

Arnuwanda I^[c]

Asmunikal^[c]

Hattusili II?^[d]

Tudhaliya III^[e]

Daduhepa^[f]

Zida^[g]

Tudhaliya the Young^[h]

Henti^[g] (1)

Šuppiluliuma I^[h]

(2) Tawananna^[i]

Arnuwanda II^[g]

Telipinu^[j]

Sarri-Kusuh^[k]^[l]

Zannanza^[m]

Gassulawiya^[n] (1)

Mursili II^[g]

(2) Tanuhepa^[o]

Talmi-Sarruma^[p]

Sahurunuwa^[k]^[q]

Muwatalli II^[o]

Halpasulupi^[r]

Massanauzzi^[s]

Hattusili III^[t]

Puduhepa^[u]

Ini-Tesub^[k]^[v]

Urhi-Tesub^[o]

Kurunta^[w]

Nerikkaili^[x]

numerous daughters^[y] and sons^[z]

Tudhaliya IV^[aa]

Talmi-Tesub^[k]^[ab]

Arnuwanda III^[ac]

Suppiluliuma II^[ac]^[ad]

Kuzi-Tesub^[ae]

(1) = 1st spouse
(2) = 2nd spouse
Small caps indicates a Great King (LUGAL.GAL) of the Land of Hatti; italic small caps indicates a Great Queen or Tawananna.
Dashed lines indicate adoption.
Solid lines indicate marriage (if horizontal) or parentage (if vertical).

References:

Trevor Bryce (1997). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford, England: Clarendon Press.
Trevor Bryce (2012). The World of the Neo-Hittite Kingdoms. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
Volkert Haas (2006). Die hethitische Literatur. Berlin, Germany: de Gruyter.

Notes:

^ Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).
^ Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).
^ ^a ^b ^c Bryce (1997), p. 139.
^ The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 158.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 172.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Bryce (1997), p. 174.
^ ^a ^b Bryce (1997), p. 168.
^ Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).
^ ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d King (lugal) of Carchemish.
^ Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.
^ Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 227.
^ ^a ^b ^c Bryce (1997), p. 230.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 220.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 222.
^ Haas (2006), p. 91.
^ Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 296.
^ Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).
^ Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.
^ King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).
^ Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).
^ Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 332.
^ Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).
^ Bryce (1997), p. 363.
^ ^a ^b Bryce (1997), p. 361.
^ Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.
^ King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

Illness[edit]

Obviously by the end of her life Gassulawiya endured severe illness, as she addressed the goddess Lilwanis with a substitute statue, in order to be relieved from her illness.^[3]

Notes[edit]

^ Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. p. xiii. ISBN 84-376-1918-1.
^ Trevor Bryce, How Old Was Matanazi?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 84, (1998), pp. 212-215
^ http://dare.uva.nl/document/70271 Prayor of Gassulawiya, p. 61

External links[edit]

UvA-Dare: Prayor to the goddess Lilwanis

Literature[edit]

Bryce, Trevor, (1998): How Old Was Matanazi?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 84.
Edel, E., (1994): Die ägyptisch-hethitische Korrespondenz aus Boghazköi in babylonischer und hethitischer Sprache
Klengel,H., (1999): Geschichte des hethitischen Reiches, Leiden, Boston, Köln

[3] Scholars have suggested that Tudhaliya I/II was the son of Himuili and thus a grandson of the Hittite king Huzziya II (Bryce 1997, p. 131).

[4] Bryce (1997) does not consider it clear whether Tudhaliya I/II was one king or two (p. 133).

[bryce139-5] Bryce (1997), p. 139.

[6] The existence of Hattusili II is doubtful (Bryce 1997, pp. 153–154).

[7] Bryce (1997), p. 158.

[8] Bryce (1997), p. 172.

[bryce174-9] Bryce (1997), p. 174.

[bryce168-10] Bryce (1997), p. 168.

[11] Also known as Malnigal; daughter of Burnaburias II of Babylonia (Bryce 1997, p. 173).

[12] ‘Great priest’ in Kizzuwadna and king (lugal) of Aleppo (Bryce 1997, p. 174).

[carch-13] King (lugal) of Carchemish.

[14] Bryce (1997), pp. 174, 203–204.

[15] Zannanza died on his way to Egypt to marry a pharaoh's widow, probably Ankhesenpaaten, the widow of Tutankhamun (Bryce 1997, pp. 196–198).

[16] Bryce (1997), p. 227.

[bryce230-17] Bryce (1997), p. 230.

[18] Bryce (1997), p. 220.

[19] Bryce (1997), p. 222.

[20] Haas (2006), p. 91.

[21] Massanauzzi married Masturi, king of the Seha River Land (Bryce 1997, p. 313).

[bryce296-22] Bryce (1997), p. 296.

[23] Puduhepa was the daughter of the Kizzuwadnan priest Pentipsarri (Bryce 1997, p. 273).

[24] Bryce (1997), pp. 346, 363.

[25] King (lugal) of Tarhuntassa (Bryce 1997, p. 296); apparently later Great King of Hatti (Bryce 1997, p. 354).

[26] Nerikkaili married a daughter of Bentesina, king of Amurru (Bryce 1997, p. 294).

[27] Two daughters of Hattusili III were married to the pharaoh Ramesses II; one was given the Egyptian name Ma(hor)nefrure. Another, Gassuwaliya, married into the royal house of Amurru. Kilushepa was married to a king of Isuwa. A daughter married into the royal family of Babylon. A sister of Tudhaliya IV married Sausgamuwa, king of Amurru after his father Bentesina. From Bryce (1997), pp. 294 and 312.

[28] Bryce (1997), p. 332.

[29] Bryce (1997), p. 363. Tudhaliya IV probably married a Babylonian princess, known by her title of Great Princess (dumu.sal gal) (Bryce 1997, pp. 294, 331).

[bryce363-30] Bryce (1997), p. 363.

[bryce361-31] Bryce (1997), p. 361.

[32] Last documented Great King of the Land of Hatti.

[33] King and then Great King of Carchemish (Bryce 1997, pp. 384–385).

[1] Bryce, Trevor (1998). The Kingdom of the Hittites. Oxford University Press. p. xiii. ISBN 84-376-1918-1.

[2] Trevor Bryce, How Old Was Matanazi?, The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology, Vol. 84, (1998), pp. 212-215

[34] ttp://dare.uva.nl/document/70271 Prayor of Gassulawiya, p. 61

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