Draft:Hewlêrî Kurdish
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Comment: Part of me thinks that this should be merged to the existing article on Sorani Kurdish, but I'm not sure what the standard procedure is on articles about separate dialects. Bkissin (talk) 11:06, 13 March 2024 (UTC)
Hewlêrî Kurdish[1] or Hawleri (Kurdish: Hewlêrî, هەولێری) is a regional dialect of Kurdish spoken primarily in Erbil, the capital of the Kurdistan Region, and in some of its surrounding areas.[2] Hewlêrî has many characteristics that distinguish it from other Kurdish dialects.
Pronunciation and Phonology[edit]
Differing from standard Central Kurdish, Hewlêrî displays several noteworthy phonetic differences. One prominent contrast is observed in the pronunciation of the letter "ڵ/ll". While in most Central Kurdish dialects, this sound is pronounced as /ɫ/, in Hewlêrî it is typically pronounced as /ɾ/ or /l/.[3]
In the Hewlêrî Kurdish spoken in Erbil, further phonetic changes are evident. Notably, there's a shift observed from "û" to "î" and "w" to "f". For instance, "șûtî" transforms into "şiftî," while "mizgewt" changes to "mizgeft."[4] These phonetic alterations are commonly found in both Hewlêrî and the Kurmanji dialect.
Grammar and Syntax[edit]
Apart from its phonetic distinctions, the subdialect encompasses several unique grammatical and syntactic characteristics. Unlike standard Sorani but similar to Kurmanji, Hewlêrî Kurdish employs oblique case and utilizes different personal pronouns.[5] Another feature of the dialect is the use of the suffix "ek/ەک" instead of the standard "êk\ێک."
| Hewlêrî | Sorani | Kurmanji |
|---|---|---|
| emin [I] | min | ez |
| etu [you] | to | tu |
| ew [they] | ew | ew |
| eme [we] | ême | em |
| engo [you] | êwe | hingo[6] |
| Hewlêrî | Sorani | Kurmanji |
|---|---|---|
| min | min | |
| tu | te | |
| wî | wî/wê | |
| me | me | |
| ngo | we |
Influence and Usage[edit]
Hewlêrî serves as the primary dialect in Erbil, spoken not only by its Kurdish inhabitants but also by other ethnic communities residing in the city, including Turkmen and Assyrians.[7] Furthermore, the increasing prevalence of the dialect has had an impact on shaping the standard Sorani dialect.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ Ahmadi, Sina (2021-09-08), A Formal Description of Sorani Kurdish Morphology, arXiv:2109.03942
- ^ Sheyholislami, Jaffer (January 2015). "Language Varieties of the Kurds".
- ^ Ebadi, Saman; Mozafari, Vida (April 2015). "The Realization of Address terms in Sorani Kurdish (Jafi Dialect)" (PDF). International Journal of English and Education. 4: 265.
- ^ "Hamad". conferences.koyauniversity.org. Retrieved 2024-03-01.
- ^ Sanaddin, Kawar; Ali, Wrya (Winter 2020). "Diglossic Situation In Sorani Kurdish Dialect". Qalaai Zanistscientific Journal. 5: 870–872.
- ^ "hingo", Wîkîferheng (in Kurdish), 2023-09-21, retrieved 2024-03-08
- ^ Sherwani, Kawa Abdulkareem (2021). "The discourse of civic pride: Hawleri identity as one of the oldest Kurdistani cities in the Middle East". PLOS ONE. 16 (11): e0259231. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0259231. PMC 8598024. PMID 34788301.
- ^ Rasheed, Minwas (September 2021). "Diglossia: A Mixed-Mode Survey Analysis on the Use of Formal and Informal Speech among Sorani Kurdish Speakers" (PDF). International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies. 8: 260.