Draft:Hampton Court, London
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Hampton Court, London
| |
|---|---|
| Village | |
  Hampton Court, London Location within Greater London | |
| London borough | |
| Ceremonial county | Greater London |
| Region | |
| Country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Police | Metropolitan |
| Fire | London |
| Ambulance | London |
| UK Parliament | |
| London Assembly | |
Hampton Court is a village in Greater London, located on the north bank of the River Thames, in the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames, England, and the historic county of Middlesex.[a] The village adjoins its namesake Hampton Court Palace, and is centred around Hampton Court Green, a former common, now public open space.[1]
The village is bounded on the north by Bushy Park, on the west by Hampton, on the south by the Thames, the walls of Hampton Court Palace and its Home Park, and to the east by Hampton Wick. The majority of the village's buildings and residences (which include many Buildings of Townscape Merit and former grace-and-favour residences of the Palace) front the present-day Hampton Court Road (A308) (formerly "The Windsor to Kingston Road") [Sheaf, 100 years ago, 27] passing between the Palace and Bushy Park.
The history of the village is inexorably tied to the neighbouring palace, being created out of the industry required to construct and support the royal complex from the early 16th century onwards. The setting of the village has not altered significantly since that time, other than alterations to road layouts, addition of modern street furniture, and iterative constructions of the nearby Hampton Court Bridge.[1] The historian Gerald Heath describes the village as "unique among British villages in having being been incapable of expanding into the countryside around it" and "never in its whole existence [having] any official status".[2][b]
History[edit]
The manor of Hampton was acquired in 1237 by the Order of Knights of the Hospital of Saint John of Jerusalem (known as the Knights Hospitaller), who already owned a house and sheep pasture on the site of present-day Hampton Court Palace. The house, which by 1399 was known as Hampton Court,[c] was regularly used by the royal court as alternative accommodation for Sheene Palace, the royal palace on the River Thames at Richmond.[3]
Cardinal Wolsey purchased the lease for the manor from the Order in 1514, and immediately set about development of the site, which was continued by Henry VIII after Wolsey's demise in 1530. The construction undertaken by Wolsey and Henry VIII required the recruitment of hundreds of architects, masons, glaziers, bricklayers, carpenters, plasterers, gardeners and labourers requiring lodging in Molesey, Hampton and Hampton Wick, and provisioning from markets at Kingston. A wharf on the Thames was constructed in 1515 to receive materials for the site, and workshops for artisans and smiths, including living accommodation, sprung up along the boundary of Bushy Park and outside the west front of the palace.[4][5][6]
This area came to be known as Hampton Court Green[d], and originally stretched on arable land from the west front of the palace along the river to opposite Tagg's Island. The green had been enclosed as pasture for the animals supporting the manor of Hampton either by the Knights Hospitaller or Wolsey, and as the number of houses around the green increased, became a stinted pasture for residents' horses and cattle, with a gate constructed at its western end to prevent animals wandering to Hampton.[7]
Construction of the palace under Henry VIII ceased in 1547,[8] but during the reigns of Elizabeth I and James I, the palace regularly hosted the court and royal events, including the Hampton Court Conference of 1604.[9] The court of Charles I regularly stayed at the palace, either following a summer Progress or overwintering, and during outbreaks of plague in London in 1625 and 1636. Water supply to the palace was overhauled during this period: with the conduit from Hampton relaid[e] and the Longford River established.[f][10]
During the English Civil War Charles I was imprisoned at Hampton Court Palace from August 1647 until his escape and flight to the Isle of Wight the following November. The palace was subsequently occupied by squatters, local villagers and tradesmen, and tracts of Bushy Park and the palace estate sold off.[11] The war otherwise bypassed Hampton Court, but a Royalist uprising in Kingston in the summer of 1648[g] required Colonel Henry Pretty[h] to reinforce Hampton Court with calvary, and order the Hampton ferry affixed to the Middlesex bank at night.[12][13] During the Protectorate, Oliver Cromwell and his family used the palace as a weekend country retreat, from 1654 until Cromwell's death in September 1658.[14][15]
The restoration of the monarchy after the Interregnum saw Charles II return to Hampton Court Palace, new construction work commissioned, and loyalists rewarded with offices and lodging. The houses and workshops along the Hampton Road forming the Offices of Works were improved, and lodgings assigned to the Master Carpenter, Master Mason, Master Locksmith, Paymaster, Comptroller of Works and Clerk of Works. The house of the new Surveyor-General of the King's Works, John Denham, was rebuilt in 1663 to include cellars, wharf, marbled parlour and formal garden.[i]
As in the time of Henry VIII's works, vendors dispensing victuals set up booths and tents on the Green.[16]
'The village was beginning to take the shape it is today'. Heath 39
Something about Edward VI. Thurley 79-80
The first copyholder lease was granted in 1636 to Nicholas Myles, the Under Keeper of the House Park, on land now occupied by Ivy House. During the Protectorate, copyhold tenure was granted to two widowed sisters for land occupied by the Kings Arms near the Lion Gate.[17]
In 1850 an infants school was started in the Bakehouse for the children of palace employees. Heath 51
In 1853 streetlamps. Heath 52
Village had shops and inns catering to visitors to the palace. Heath 53
Tramway extended in 1903
Notable inhabitants[edit]
- Michael Faraday (1791-1867) was granted the grace and favour residence now known as Faraday House (formerly on the site of the Master Mason's Lodge opposite Hampton Court Green) by Queen Victoria, where he lived out his final years.[18]
- Edward Jesse (1780-1868), the Surveyor of the Royal Parks and Palaces who superintended the restoration of Hampton Court Palace after its opening in 1838, including writing its first guidebooks and history,[19] resided at the White House on Campbell Road from about 1840 to 1851.[20]
- Admiral Lord Keith (1746-1823) lived at Hampton Court House for a few years after 1799.[21]
- Ellen Terry (1847-1928) moved to Rose Cottage with her two children in 1880.[22]
- Francis Thomas-Fitzmaurice, 3rd Earl of Kerry lived at Hampton Court House 1816 to 1818.[21]
- Christopher Wren (1632-1723)
Notes and references[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Despite lying on the Middlesex north bank of the Thames, Hampton Court shares a KT8 postcode with East Molesey and West Molesey on the Surrey south bank. Hampton Court's postal address is confusingly given as "East Molesey, Surrey KT8".
- ^ In the foreword to Heath's book, the Chairman of the Hampton Court Association Louis Marks wrote: "According to the postal authorities we live in Surrey although we pay our rates to Richmond-upon-Thames which is part of Greater London. We live north of the Thames but our official address is East Molesey on the opposite side of the river. We have been allocated Kingston post-codes ... and in discussion with appropriate authorities we are told that 'Hampton Court' is not a recognised address."
- ^ The manor house was referred to as 'Hampton Court' in the 1399 will of Richard Weynel, Vicar of Hampton. See Garfield (1951), p.8 and Heath (2000), p.13
- ^ The first record of the name is 1534.
- ^ Crossing the field of one John Freeman, ruining his corn.
- ^ Cutting under Hampton Court Road near present-day Glycine House.
- ^ Seeking to seize palaces along the River Thames and ultimately relieve Colchester.
- ^ A Cromwell loyalist, after the Restoration it was proposed that Pretty be excluded from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act, but the proposal was dropped. A later petition indicates Pretty was arrested and his estate expropriated.
- ^ Denham's wife, Lady Margaret Brooke, considerably his junior, was also the mistress of the Duke of York (later James II).
References[edit]
- ^ a b London Borough of Richmond upon Thames 2023.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 9.
- ^ Thurley 2003, p. 4.
- ^ White & Foster 1997, pp. 12–13.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 15-18.
- ^ Thurley 2017, pp. 244–245.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 20.
- ^ Thurley 2003, p. 80.
- ^ Thurley 2003, pp. 79–84, 107–110; Russell 2023, pp. 175–192.
- ^ Thurley 2003, pp. 110–112; Heath 2000, pp. 27.
- ^ Thurley 2003, pp. 121–123, 125; Russell 2023, pp. 217–222.
- ^ Thurley 2003, p. 124; Heath 2000, pp. 27–28.
- ^ Firth, Charles H. (October 1927). "Cromwell's Regiments". Journal of the Society for Army Historical Research. 6 (26): 224. JSTOR 44227627 – via JSTOR.
- ^ Thurley 2003, p. 126.
- ^ Russell 2023, p. 221-234.
- ^ Heath 2000, pp. 31–32; Thurley 2003, p. 129.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 28, 30.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 57.
- ^ Thurley 2003, pp. 293–298.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 77.
- ^ a b "Hampton Court House". The Twickenham Museum. Retrieved 18 November 2023.
- ^ Heath 2000, p. 53-54.
Sources[edit]
Garside, Bernard (1948). The Ancient Manor Courts of Hampton-on-Thames During the Seventeeth Century - Part I. Richmond: Dimblebys of Richmond.
Garside, Bernard (1951). The Manor Lordship and Great Parks of Hampton Court during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries (with a description of Hampton Wick Fields and the Thames Islands). Richmond: Dimblebys of Richmond.
Heath, Gerald (2000). Hampton Court: the story of a village. Hampton Court: The Hampton Court Association. ISBN 0953870006.
London Borough of Richmond upon Thames (2023). Hampton Court Green, Conservation Area Appraisal, Conservation Area No. 11.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Parker, Sarah E (2005). Grace & Favour: A Handbook of Who Lived Where in Hampton Court Palace 1750 to 1950. London: Historic Royal Palaces 2005. ISBN 1873993501.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link)
Russell, Gareth (2023). The Palace - From the Tudors to the Windsors - 500 Years of History at Hampton Court. William Collins. ISBN 9780008436988.
Thurley, Simon (2003). Hampton Court: A Social and Architectural History. London: Yale University Press. ISBN 0300102232.
Thurley, Simon (2017). Houses of Power: the Places that Shaped the Tudor World. London: Bantam Press. ISBN 9780593074947.
White, Kathy; Foster, Peter (1997). Bushy Park: Royals, Rangers and Rogues. East Molesey: Foundry Press. ISBN 0953024504.
Worsley, Lucy; Souden, David (2005). Hampton Court Palace - the Official Illustrated History. London: Merrell. ISBN 1858942829.