Cynipinae
| Cynipinae | |
|---|---|
| |
| Andricus dimorphus galls on Bur Oak leaf | |
Scientific classification 
| |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hymenoptera |
| Family: | Cynipidae |
| Subfamily: | Cynipinae Latreille, 1802 |
Cynipinae is a subfamily of gall wasps (Cynipidae).[1] Many of the approximately 1,500 described species cause galls on oaks, but some induce galls on other plant species or are inquilines of the gall-inducing species.[1][2] Species occur on all continents except Antarctica, with most found in the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere.[1] All extant cynipid species are within Cynipinae since the only other recognized subfamily is Hodiernocynipinae which is based on the fossil genus Hodiernocynips.[3]
Tribes[edit]
There are 12 tribes currently recognized within Cynipinae:[1]
- Aylacini
- Aulacideini
- Ceroptresini
- Cynipini (oak gall wasps)
- Diastrophini
- Diplolepidini (rose gall wasps)
- Eschatocerini
- Paraulacini
- Pediaspidini
- Phanacidini
- Qwaqwaiini
- Synergini
References[edit]
Wikispecies has information related to Cynipinae.
- ^ a b c d Ronquist, Fredrik; Nieves-Aldrey, José-Luis; Buffington, Matthew L.; Liu, Zhiwei; Liljeblad, Johan; Nylander, Johan A. A. (2015-05-20). "Phylogeny, Evolution and Classification of Gall Wasps: The Plot Thickens". PLOS ONE. 10 (5): e0123301. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123301. ISSN 1932-6203. PMC 4439057. PMID 25993346.
- ^ Zhang, Y. Miles; Buffington, Matthew L.; Looney, Chris; László, Zoltán; Shorthouse, Joseph D.; Ide, Tatsuya; Lucky, Andrea (2020-12-01). "UCE data reveal multiple origins of rose gallers in North America: Global phylogeny of Diplolepis Geoffroy (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 153: 106949. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2020.106949. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 32866614. S2CID 221404242.
- ^ Ronquist, Fredrik (1999). "Phylogeny, classification and evolution of the Cynipoidea". Zoologica Scripta. 28 (1–2): 139–164. doi:10.1046/j.1463-6409.1999.00022.x. ISSN 1463-6409. S2CID 86539477.
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