Charaxes tectonis
| Charaxes tectonis | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Nymphalidae |
| Genus: | Charaxes |
| Species: | C. tectonis
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| Binomial name | |
| Charaxes tectonis | |
| Synonyms | |
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Charaxes tectonis, the mountain silver-barred charaxes, is a butterfly in the family Nymphalidae. It is found in Nigeria and Cameroon.[3] The habitat consists of sub-montane and montane forests.
Subspecies[edit]
- Charaxes tectonis tectonis (eastern Nigeria, Cameroon: west to the Bamenda Forest and Mount Oku)
- Charaxes tectonis nebularum Darge, 1977.[4] (Cameroon: Manengouba massif)
Related species[edit]
Historical attempts to assemble a cluster of presumably related species into a "Charaxes jasius Group" have not been wholly convincing. More recent taxonomic revision,[5] corroborated by phylogenetic research, allow a more rational grouping congruent with cladistic relationships. Within a well-populated clade of 27 related species sharing a common ancestor approximately 16 mya during the Miocene,[6] 26 are now considered together as The jasius Group.[5] One of the two lineages within this clade forms a robust monophyletic group of seven species sharing a common ancestor approximately 2-3 mya, i.e. during the Pliocene,[6] and are considered as the jasius subgroup.[5] The second lineage leads to 19 other species within the Jasius group, which are split into three well-populated subgroups of closely related species.
The jasius Group (26 Species):[5]
Clade 1: jasius subgroup (7 species)
Clade 2: contains the well-populated three additional subgroups (19 species) of the jasius Group: called the brutus, pollux, and eudoxus subgroups.[5]
- the eudoxus subgroup (11 species):
- Charaxes eudoxus
- Charaxes lucyae
- Charaxes richelmanni
- Charaxes musakensis
- Charaxes biokensis[stat.rev.2005][5]
- Charaxes ducarmei
- Charaxes druceanus
- Charaxes tectonis
- Charaxes phraortes
- Charaxes andranodorus
- Charaxes andrefana[stat.rev.2025][5]
Further exploration of the phylogenetic relationships amongst existing Charaxes taxa is required to improve clarity.
References[edit]
- ^ Jordan , K. 1937. On some Old-World Lepidoptera. Novitates Zoologicae 40: 323-325.
- ^ "Charaxes Ochsenheimer, 1816" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
- ^ "Afrotropical Butterflies: File H - Charaxinae - Tribe Charaxini". Archived from the original on 2013-11-09. Retrieved 2012-05-23.
- ^ Darge, P. 1977 Un nouveau Charaxes orophile de République Unie de Cameroun: Charaxes druceanus nebularum, n. subsp. Bulletin de la Société Entomologique de Mulhouse 1977 (Jan-Mar): 9-12.
- ^ a b c d e f g Turlin, B. (2005). Bauer & Frankenbach (ed.). Butterflies of the World: Charaxes 1. Vol. 22. Keltern: Goecke & Evers. pp. 2–3. ISBN 3937783156.
- ^ a b "Out of Africa again: A phylogenetic hypothesis of the genus Charaxes (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) based on five gene regions" Archived 2019-07-25 at the Wayback Machine. Aduse-Poku, Vingerhoedt, Wahlberg. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution (2009) 53;463–478
External links[edit]
- Charaxes tectonis tectonis images at Consortium for the Barcode of Life
- Charaxes tectonis nebularum images at BOLD
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