Catherine Tollemache

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This article is about the writer of recipes. For Anglo-Scottish aristocrat, see Catherine Tollemache, Countess of Sutherland.

Catherine or Katherine Tollemache (née Cromwell; 1557–1621) was an English aristocrat, who collected and wrote culinary and medical recipes, and was known for her healing skills.

Family[edit]

She was a daughter of Henry Cromwell, 2nd Baron Cromwell and Mary Paulet, and lived at North Elmham in Norfolk. On 18 February 1580/1, she married Lionel Tollemache, of Helmingham, Suffolk.[1] Their first son, John (a twin of Mary Tollemache), born at North Elmham, died in infancy.[2] At this time, her uncle Thomas Cromwell and his wife, Katherine Gardiner, also lived at North Elmham.[3]

She moved to Helmingham Hall. Seven of her children survived, including the heir to the estates, who was also called Lionel Tollemache. Her husband was made a baronet by James VI and I in May 1611 and a Knight of the Bath in 1612 He died soon after.[4]

The household at Helmingham Hall[edit]

Helmingham Hall

The main family home was Helmingham Hall. Catherine Tollemache and her servant, the steward George Smyth, kept accounts. Family papers from this time document the servants, and purchases made for house, and clothes bought for the family, while an inventory of 1597 details the spaces where household work and food preparation took place including the "stilling yard", workhouse, and "soap house".[5] Stills and limbecks were kept in the "still yard" room, a similar room at Apethorpe used by the Countess of Westmorland was called the "steelehouse".[6] The room at Helmingham was not listed in an inventory of the house made in 1626 after Catherine's death, an indication that this kind of domestic production was not then practised.[7]

In 1605, Catherine Tollemache wrote to her London tailor, Roger Jones, about farthingale sleeves covered with satin for a new gown, and he suggested another style of sleeve would be "fytter".[8] In his reply, Jones described gowns he made for a guest at the wedding of a son of Lord Burghley.[9]

Recipes and recipe books[edit]

Manuscripts written and owned by Catherine Tollemache remain in the family collection.[10] Her collection of medieval recipes Catherine Tollemache's Secrets and her own contemporary Receipts for Pastery, Confectionary, etc were published in 2001.[11]

The title Receipts for Pastery was added after her death. The material does not describe the usual daily meals in the household, made by the kitchen staff, but rather the production of sweetmeats, distilled waters and conserves, including quince marmalade and cotignac, with which she would have been personally involved. Some of the ingredients were grown in her garden, while recorded purchases include "poticary stuff", materials for apothecaries.[12] She outlines making artificial fruit from sugar paste called "manus Christi" set in a mould made from plaster-of paris ("alabaster"), and painted with umber and sap green pigments obtained from a professional painter.[13]

In another manuscript miscellany of recipes, known as Catherine Tollemache's Recipes, she wrote her name, "Catheren Tallemach ow[n]eth this boocke".[14]

Catherine Tollemache also owned a copy of the 1600 edition of the printed book, John Partridge's Treasurie, now owned by the Folger Shakespeare Library. The Treasurie includes recipes for confectionary and household tips.[15]

Later life and death[edit]

Catherine Tollemache's monument at St Mary's Helmingham mentions her surgical skill and care for the sick and wounded.[16]

After her husband's death in 1612, Catherine lived in Ipswich.[17] Catherine Tollemache died on 24 March 1621. Her memorial at St Mary's Church, Helmingham, gives her names as "Catharine Tallemache" and mentions her "skill & singular experience in chyrurgerie", that is "surgery".[18][19]

Her portrait, attributed to Robert Peake the Elder, survives at Helmingham.[20] In 2016, a British television programme Who Do You Think You Are? revealed that the actor and presenter Danny Dyer was a relative of Catherine Tollemache.[21]

Family and children[edit]

Catherine Tollemache's children included:[22]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Edward D. H. Tollemache, The Tollemaches of Helmingham and Ham (Ipswich, 1949), p. 42
  2. ^ augustus George Legge, The Ancient Register of North Elmham, Norfolk (Norwich, 1888), pp. 78-80.
  3. ^ Augustus Jessop, One Generation of a Norfolk House: A Contribution to Elizabethan History (Norwich, 1878), p. 184.
  4. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), pp. 3-4.
  5. ^ Moira Coleman, Household Inventories of Helmingham Hall, 1597-1741 (Boydell, 2018).
  6. ^ Esther Godfrey, 'Inventories of Apethorpe', Kathryn A. Morrison, Apethorpe: The story of an English country house (Yale, 2016), p. 418.
  7. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), pp. 5-21, 118-119, 123.
  8. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 132.
  9. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 133: Ian W. Archer, 'Shoppers and Identities', Tim Reinke-Williams, A Cultural History of Shopping (Bloomsbury, 2022), p. 81.
  10. ^ Jeremy Griffiths & A. S. G. Edwards,'The Tollemache Collection of Medieval Manuscripts', The Book Collector, 49:3 (Autumn 2000), pp. 349-364: Rebecca Laroche, 'Catherine Tollemache's Library', Notes & Queries, 251:2 (June 2006), pp. 251-2.
  11. ^ Jeremy Griffiths & A. S. G. Edwards, The Tollemache Book of Secrets (Roxburghe Club, 2001).
  12. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), pp. 57-58, 120.
  13. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), pp. 136-139.
  14. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 45.
  15. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), pp. 44-5, 122: Folger call number: STC 19430.
  16. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 41.
  17. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Caterine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), pp. 3-4.
  18. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 41 & pl.
  19. ^ Three Wise Women: Church Monuments Society
  20. ^ Edward D. H. Tollemache, The Tollemaches of Helmingham and Ham (Ipswich, 1949), plate
  21. ^ Who was Catherine Cromwell? The Tudor Society
  22. ^ Edward D. H. Tollemache, The Tollemaches of Helmingham and Ham (Ipswich, 1949), Appendix p. 2
  23. ^ Edward D. H. Tollemache, The Tollemaches of Helmingham and Ham (Ipswich, 1949), p. 42
  24. ^ William Betham, Baronetage of England, Or the History of the English Baronets, 2 (London, 1802), p. 339.
  25. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 41.
  26. ^ Moira Coleman, Fruitful Endeavours: The 16th-Century Household Secrets of Catherine Tollemache of Helmingham Hall (Phillimore, 2012), p. 41.
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