1861 in paleontology

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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils.^[1] This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 1861.

Arthropods[edit]

Crustaceans[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes	Images
Etallonia^[2]	Gen. et. comb. nov.	Valid	Oppel	Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	An axiid, type species is E. longimana, initially described as Magila longimana in 1839.
Pseudastacus^[2]	Gen. et. comb. nov.	Valid	Oppel	Jurassic	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	A stenochirid, type species is P. pustulosus, initially described as Bolina pustulosa in 1839.	Pseudastacus pustulosus

Dinosaurs[edit]

Name	Novelty	Status	Authors	Age	Unit	Location	Notes
Archaeopteryx^[3]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Hermann von Meyer	Kimmeridgian	Solnhofen Limestone	Germany	Early bird, only known from a single flight feather.^[3]
Echinodon^[4]	Gen. et sp. nov.	Valid	Sir Richard Owen^[4]	Berriasian	Purbeck Beds	UK	Known from multiple jaw and tooth fossils, originally interpreted as a lacertilian.^[4]^[5]
Teratosaurus	Gen. nov	Valid	Hermann von Meyer			Germany	Misidentified teratosaurid archosaur.

Pterosaurs[edit]

New taxa[edit]

Name	Status	Authors		Location	Notes	Images
Scaphognathus	Valid	Wagner		China Germany	An Corvid-like Pterosaur.	Scaphognathus.

References[edit]

^ Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
^ ^a ^b A, Oppel (1861). "Die Arten der Gattungen Eryma, Pseudastacus, Magila und Etallonia" (PDF). Jahreshefte des Vereins fur Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg (in German). 17: 355–364.
^ ^a ^b Meyer, H. (1861-09-20). "Archaeopterix lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterydactylus von Solenhofen". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde: 678–679.
^ ^a ^b ^c Owen, R. (1861). Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part V. Order Lacertilia. Palaeontographical Society. pp. 31–39.
^ Falconer, H. (1861). "Note on the synonymy of the fossil genus Echinodon of Professor Owen". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (46): 341. doi:10.1080/00222936108697425.

[1] Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.

[:0-2] A, Oppel (1861). "Die Arten der Gattungen Eryma, Pseudastacus, Magila und Etallonia" (PDF). Jahreshefte des Vereins fur Vaterlandische Naturkunde in Wurttemberg (in German). 17: 355–364.

[meyer1861-3] Meyer, H. (1861-09-20). "Archaeopterix lithographica (Vogel-Feder) und Pterydactylus von Solenhofen". Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie, Geognosie, Geologie und Petrefaktenkunde: 678–679.

[owen1861-4] Owen, R. (1861). Monograph on the Fossil Reptilia of the Wealden and Purbeck Formations. Part V. Order Lacertilia. Palaeontographical Society. pp. 31–39.

[falconer1861-5] Falconer, H. (1861). "Note on the synonymy of the fossil genus Echinodon of Professor Owen". Annals and Magazine of Natural History. 8 (46): 341. doi:10.1080/00222936108697425.

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