Masih Alinejad

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Masih Alinejad
مسیح علی‌نژاد
Alinejad in 2018
Born
Masoumeh Alinejad-Ghomikolayi

(1976-09-11) September 11, 1976 (age 47)
Qomi Kola, Babol, Imperial State of Iran
NationalityIranian
CitizenshipUnited States[1]
EducationOxford Brookes University
Occupation(s)Journalist and author
Years active2001–present
EmployerU.S. Agency for Global Media
Spouses
Max Lotfi
​
(divorced)​
[2]
Kambiz Forouhar
​
(m. 2014)​
[3]
Children1

Masih Yazidnejad (Persian: مسیح علی‌نژاد, born Masoumeh Alinejad-Ghomikolayi (Persian: معصومه علی‌نژاد قمی‌کُلایی), September 11, 1976[citation needed]) is an Iranian-American[4] journalist, author, and women's rights activist.[5][6] Alinejad works as a presenter/producer at VOA Persian Service, a correspondent for Radio Farda, a frequent contributor for Manoto television, and a contributing editor for IranWire.[7] Alinejad focuses on criticism of the status of human rights in Iran, especially women's rights in Iran.[8] Time magazine named her among its 2023 honorees for Women of the Year.[9]

She lives in exile in New York City, and has won several awards, including the 2015 Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy women's rights award, the Omid Journalism Award from the Mehdi Semsar Foundation, and a "Highly Commended" AIB Media Excellence Award.[10] In 2019, Alinejad sued the Iranian government in a U.S. federal court for harassment against her and her family.[11] She released a book in 2018 called The Wind in My Hair that deals with her experiences growing up in Iran, where she writes girls "are raised to keep their heads low, to be unobtrusive as possible, and to be meek".[12][13] In 2021, U.S. prosecutors charged four Iranian intelligence officials with plotting to kidnap a critic of the Iranian government; the target was not named, but Alinejad believes it was her.[14]

Early life and career in Iran[edit]

Alinejad was born as Masoumeh Alinejad, but uses the first name "Masih" (Persian for "anointed" or "Messiah").[15][16] Alinejad was politically conscious from a young age, and was arrested in 1994 for producing leaflets critical of the government. Masih Alinejad wrote in her book that she started journalism with the help of Marjan Sheikholeslami.[17] She began her career in journalism in 2001 with the local daily Hambastegi, and then for the Iranian Labour News Agency (ILNA). Other publications such as Shargh, Bahar, Vaghaye Ettefaghiye, Ham-Mihan, and Etemad, have also published her work. During the sixth and seventh parliament, Alinejad was a parliamentary reporter. In 2005, she wrote an article suggesting that government ministers had claimed they received pay cuts; they were actually receiving considerable sums of money as "bonuses" for everything from serving religious duties to ringing in the New Year. The article generated controversy, and led to her dismissal from parliament.[16] In 2008, she wrote an exceptionally critical piece in Etemad, called "Song of the Dolphins", where she compared Mahmoud Ahmadinejad's followers to hungry dolphins that make sounds and perform entertaining acts to grab a morsel of food from their trainer. Some supporters of President Ahmadinejad expressed their sense of outrage and offense, eventually forcing the director of the newspaper Mehdi Karroubi, himself a relatively popular and very powerful establishment politician and cleric, to publicly apologize.[18] In the summer of 2009, during her stay in the United States, Alinejad tried very hard to get an interview with Barack Obama; however, she was refused the interview, although she had been granted a temporary visa on that very basis. When her visa expired, she was forced to return to the United Kingdom. While in the United States, she participated in some Iranian anti-government protests, and delivered a speech in San Francisco, where she said, addressing the authorities of Iran, "We have trembled for thirty years, now it is your turn to tremble." Her interview with Voice of America was shown together with parts of the videos she had made, called "A Storm of Fresh Air". In 2010, she and a group of Iranian writers and intellectuals established the "IranNeda" foundation. After the presidential election in Iran in 2009, she published a novel called A Green Date.[19] [dubious – discuss] Alinejad graduated from Oxford Brookes University with a degree in Communications Studies.[20]

Career[edit]

Opposition to Iranian government[edit]

Alinejad just after she left Iran for the United States in 2009

In 2014, Alinejad launched My Stealthy Freedom (also known as Stealthy Freedoms of Iranian Women), a Facebook page that invites Iranian women to post pictures of themselves without a hijab. The page quickly attracted international attention, and has garnered hundreds of thousands of likes.[21] In 2015, the Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy, awarded her its women's rights prize for "giving a voice to the voiceless and stirring the conscience of humanity to support the struggle of Iranian women for basic human rights, freedom, and equality".[22]

On June 13, 2022, she was awarded the American Jewish Committee's Moral Courage Award for speaking out fearlessly in support of the Iranian people being oppressed by the Iranian government.

Alinejad has said she is not opposed to the hijab per se, but believes it should be a matter of personal choice. In Iran, women who appear in public without a hijab risk being arrested, imprisoned, and fined.[21]

Journalism[edit]

Masih Alinejad wrote in her book: "Marjan Sheikholeslami, the head of the political department of Hambastegi newspaper agreed to take me under her wing."[17][23][24] Since 2015, Alinejad has hosted a weekly 15-minute primetime show called Tablet for Voice of America's Persian Language Service. "With original video from inside Iran, Tablet profiles ordinary citizens and connects them with Americans through short interviews on common themes illustrating both similar and different experiences. The program also has a weekly "timeline report", tracing the development of issues such as the international women's rights movement and relations between Washington and Tehran", the press release states.[25][26]

In July 2019, Iranian authorities warned the public that anyone sending videos to Alinejad faced up to 10 years in prison. Musa Ghazanfarabadi, the head of Tehran's Revolutionary Court, told Fars News that those sharing protest videos with Alinejad could be imprisoned for up to a decade under laws relating to cooperating with an enemy of the state.[27]

Anti-compulsory hijab campaign[edit]

Main article: My Stealthy Freedom

Alinejad has been critical of the Islamic Republic of Iran's laws making it illegal for women not to wear a hijab outside the home,[28] but also making the broader point that in the current historical and political context – in previous decades it wasn't required or common in Iran and many other Muslim-majority countries – describing it as the most visible symbol of oppression,[29][30] Journalist Kim Ghattas has described Alinejad as "spearheading" the campaign against the mandatory veil in Iran even from her residence in Brooklyn.[31]

From 2012 to 2019, Alinejad created and promoted multiple campaigns including #WhiteWednesdays, #MyCameraIsMyWeapon, #MyPenIsMyWeapon, #MenWithHijab to mobilize anti-mandatory hijab movement in Iran.[32]

Some feminists have supported Alinejad's campaign because, in their view, the Islamic veil is the most visible example of women's oppression in Muslim majority societies. However, postcolonial feminists criticized the campaign for invoking the old "Orientalist cultural imagination" in the West, which was based on stereotypes of oppressed women in the Orient who need to be liberated by adopting Western ideals. Islamic feminists, meanwhile, viewed this effort as bolstering the rising wave of Islamophobia in Europe and the United States, which portrays Islam as a misogynist religion.[33] Alinejad rejects accusations of Islamophobia while insisting that it is religious laws (Sharia) which scare her, and that it is that same religious fanaticism that is the primary cause of Islamophobia.[34] Speaking about hijab during a debate with Palestinian-American activist Linda Sarsour on CNN, Alinejad said: "It's important if you care about human rights, women's rights, you cannot use the same tool which is the most visible symbol of oppression in the Middle East and say that this is a sign of resistance [in the United States]."[35]

After the Christchurch mosque shooting in March 2019 in New Zealand, Alinejad criticized New Zealand Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern for wearing a hijab ostensibly in sympathy and respect to the Muslim victims. She said she "felt that you are using one of the most visible symbols of oppression for Muslim women in many countries for solidarity, and it also broke my heart".[36][37]

Chess championship boycott[edit]

In 2016, Alinejad launched a boycott campaign against the 2016 women's chess world championship, to be held in February 2017 in Tehran, Iran.[38] The campaign was incited by Nazí Paikidze, a Georgian-American chess player. Paikidze, a non-Iranian, refused to attend world championships in Tehran because according to Iran's religious law, female players would be forced to wear a hijab. Alinejad supported Paikidze, and co-wrote an op-ed with Indian-American Asra Nomani in The Washington Post.[39]

Meeting with U.S. Secretary of State[edit]

Alinejad with Mike Pompeo, 2019

In February 2019, Masih Alinejad met with U.S. Secretary of State Mike Pompeo.[40] US State Department Deputy Spokesperson Robert Palladino said Secretary of State "thanked Ms. Alinejad for her bravery and continued dedication".[41] Alinejad said they met for 35 minutes and she highlighted three areas. First, "Many Iranians want an end to the Islamic Republic. Opposition voices should be heard". Second, the international community should focus on 40 years of human rights violations by the regime, and third, the Trump administration travel ban hurts human rights activists and students, not the regime.[40]

Recognition[edit]

Awards[edit]

Other recognitions[edit]

  • Nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize for her advocacy for women's rights in Iran, 2022[49]
  • Named as one of the 12 Time Magazine's Women of the Year, March 2023[50][51]

Harassment[edit]

Arrest and harassment of family members[edit]

On September 23, 2019, Islamic Republic security forces arrested three of Alinejad's family members as retribution for her women's rights activism, according to Amnesty International. Alinejad's brother, Alireza Alinejad, was arrested in Tehran, while Hadi and Leila Lotfi, brother and sister of her former husband, Max Lotfi, were all arrested in the northern city of Babol by officials from the ministry of intelligence.[52][53] Her parents, siblings, extended family and all relatives and associates who remained in their village, in northern Iran, were repeatedly harassed[citation needed], threatened with loss of employment, and instructed to lure Alinejad to neighboring Turkey for a "family reunion," so that agents could supposedly "just talk" to her. Her brother warned her it was a trap. In 2018, Alinejad's sister and niece were forced to go on a prime-time television programme to say that the family was disgraced by Alinejad's behavior, and that their parents have disowned her. Alinejad responded that her family was forced to say such things by the authorities, a common tactic employed by the Iranian government aimed at discrediting dissidents.[54][55]

She wrote in a New York Times Op-ed published two weeks later: "The truth is that before the show aired, I got a call from my mother – a tiny, illiterate woman who has the toughness that comes from being abandoned at an early age by her own mother and married off at 14 years old. She was sobbing. The intelligence service had tried to pressure her and my father to participate in the show. And the local Friday prayer leader had called them out in public and urged them to cooperate. She refused – a show of loyalty that I can never repay."[56] As did her brother Alireza, imprisoned after Intelligence agents raided his home and blindfolded and handcuffed him in front of his two small children, and dragged him away. He was sentenced to eight years, and remains in prison.[57]

Iranian government smear campaign[edit]

By this point, Iranian authorities had been conducting a concerted smear campaign against Alinejad for a decade. Even going to such extremes as doctoring photos to make it look like she engaged in sexually provocative behavior, and showing them to her elderly, poorly-educated father. She told The Guardian in 2013 that her father had refused to speak to her for three years as a result. Iranian state-run media have run numerous fabricated stories, such as her being an MI6 agent serving directly under then-Queen Elizabeth II, false quotes attributed to her saying such things as "to be a journalist in Western countries, it is compulsory that you also work for the spy agencies", that she is a drug addict, and that she was a victim of rape on the London subway.[57][58]

Kidnapping plot[edit]

Masih Alinejad and Secretary of the State, Mike Pompeo
Alinejad meeting with U.S. National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan in July 2021

In July 2021, the U.S. Department of Justice claimed that four Iranian intelligence officials and a fifth assistant were planning to kidnap a New York-based journalist critical of Iran, as well as four further people in Canada and the UK. The Iranian kidnapping scheme—which appears to be the first publicized case on U.S. soil—dated back to at least June 2020. Robin Wright revealed in the New Yorker: "According to the DOJ announcement, the plotters had identified travel routes from Alinejad's home to a Brooklyn waterfront, researched a service offering military-style speedboats for maritime evacuation out of New York, and studied sea travel from New York to Venezuela, which has close ties with the Islamic Republic. In a detailed e-mail, Kiya Sadeghi, another of the four indicted Iranian intelligence agents, even instructed the private investigators to take pictures of the envelopes in Alinejad's mailbox. The FBI stated that it had foiled Iran's scheme in the United States. "Not on our watch," William Sweeney, the head of New York's FBI office, said."[57][59][14]

Assassination plot[edit]

On July 28, 2022, a man named Khalid Mehdiyev approached Alinejad's residence in Brooklyn, looking inside the windows and attempting to open the front door. He was stopped later that day by New York City Police during a traffic stop. His license had been suspended and he was arrested for driving without one. The police found a suitcase in his car containing an AK-47 assault rifle with an obliterated serial number. The rifle, manufactured by Norinco, was loaded with a round in the chamber and a magazine attached, along with a second, separate magazine and approximately 66 rounds of ammunition. Mehdiyev, who is from Yonkers, waived his Miranda rights and told police that he was looking for an apartment. Mehdiyev, unprompted, volunteered that he did not know about a gun and claimed the suitcase was not his.[60] On August 11, 2022, Mehdiyev was indicted on one count of possessing a firearm with an obliterated serial number.[61] In an opinion piece for The Wall Street Journal, Alinejad quotes a special agent of the Federal Bureau of Investigation as saying, "This time their objective was to kill you."[62] On January 27, 2023, the U.S. Department of Justice unsealed an indictment charging Mehdiyev and two other men in a plot to assassinate Alinejad.[63][64]

In 2023, Niloufar Bahadorifar was convicted for having willfully violated sanctions and knowingly provided financial support to Iranian intelligence assets, who in turn were engaged in a plot to kidnap Masih Alinejad.[65]

Bibliography[edit]

Alinejad speaking at the PaykanArtCar unveiling in Oslo 2023, Simin Keramati is standing to her left

Alinejad's memoir, The Wind in My Hair ISBN 9780349008967, dealing with her journey from a tiny village in northern Iran to becoming a journalist and creating an online movement that sparked a nationwide protest movement, was published by Little Brown in 2018.[66] The New York Times wrote that the book paints a vivid portrait of modern Iran, saying that it was written with a "blunt honesty" that it considered to be a characteristic of Alinejad's life and writing.

She has published four books in Persian:

  • Tahasson[ISBN missing] – which describes the political turmoil/challenges created when the "Sixth Iranian Parliament" went on strike.
  • Taj-e-Khar (The Crown of Thorns)[ISBN missing] – a novel that is now being translated into English. It refers to the passion of the Christ and the crown of thorns placed on his head by the Romans.
  • I am Free[ISBN missing] – which deals with women's issues in Iran, published in Germany because of its being blacklisted by the Islamic Culture and Guidance Ministry, Iran's censorship body.
  • Gharar Sabz (Green Rendezvous)[ISBN missing] – which deals with post-2009 presidential election fraud violence. This book was also published in Germany, for the same reasons.

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (July 13, 2021). "Iranian Operatives Planned to Kidnap a Brooklyn Author, Prosecutors Say". The New York Times. Retrieved July 14, 2021. ... Ms. Alinejad, an American citizen ...
  2. ^ "Family of prominent Iranian women's rights activist detained". September 25, 2019.
  3. ^ "Project Exile: Out of Iran, a voice for human rights - Global Journalist". Global Journalist. October 13, 2014.
  4. ^ Inskeep, Steve (July 15, 2021). "The Journalist Iran Allegedly Sought To Kidnap Says She Would Have Been Killed". NPR.org. Retrieved December 3, 2021.
  5. ^ "Iran: Family of women's rights activist arrested in despicable attempt to intimidate her into silence". September 25, 2019.
  6. ^ Fang, Lee (January 7, 2020), "VOA Persian Awarded Journalism Contract to Controversial Former Trump Campaign Operative", The Intercept, retrieved March 20, 2020
  7. ^ "USAGM". USAGM. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  8. ^ Morris, Cheryl (November 1, 2007). "How Masih Alinejad is paying the price for confronting Iran's leaders". New Internationalist. Retrieved July 26, 2010.
  9. ^ Evans, Greg (March 2, 2023). "Cate Blanchett, Angela Bassett Among Time's 2023 Women Of The Year". Deadline. Retrieved April 11, 2023.
  10. ^ a b "Radio Farda and Radio Free Afghanistan Honored By AIB". Pressroom. Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty. November 7, 2013. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  11. ^ "Anti-headscarf law activist sues Iran in US over harassment". AP News. April 21, 2021.
  12. ^ "The wind in my hair: one Iranian woman's courageous struggle against being forced to wear the hijab". The Guardian. June 2, 2018.
  13. ^ Smith, Jordan Michael (August 13, 2019). "How Voice of America Persian Became a Trump Administration PR Machine". The Intercept. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  14. ^ a b "Iranians 'plotted to kidnap US, Canada and UK targets'". BBC. July 14, 2021. Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  15. ^ Tanagho, Samy (2017). Glad News!: God Loves You, My Muslim Friend!. Moody Publishers. p. part 78. ISBN 9780802495778. Retrieved February 21, 2018.
  16. ^ a b Morris, Cheryl (November 1, 2007). "Masih Alinejad on the cost of confronting Iran's patriarchal leaders". New Internationalist. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  17. ^ a b Masih, Alinejad (2018). The Wind in My Hair. Little, Brown. ISBN 9780316549073.
  18. ^ Siamdoust, Nahid (May 7, 2008). "'Jesus' vs. Ahmadinejad". TIME.com. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  19. ^ "Speakers: Masih Alinejad". Striving for Human Rights. Retrieved May 31, 2018.
  20. ^ "Brookes student speaks on BBC World Service". Archived from the original on February 21, 2014. Retrieved February 5, 2014.
  21. ^ a b Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (May 12, 2014). "Iranian women post pictures of themselves without hijabs on Facebook". The Guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  22. ^ Dehghan, Saeed Kamali (February 24, 2015). "Iranian woman wins rights award for hijab campaign". The Guardian. Retrieved February 27, 2015.
  23. ^ "متهمی به نام مرجان شیخ الاسلام ، پدیده ای عجیب در سیاست ایران". rajanews.com (in Persian). March 9, 2019. Retrieved August 8, 2022.
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  25. ^ "New VOA Persian Show Targets Young Viewers in Iran". VOA. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  26. ^ Masih Alinejad, funding by the US since 2015
  27. ^ "Iranian women face 10 years for sharing videos of hijab removal". The Telegraph. July 29, 2019. Retrieved September 11, 2020.
  28. ^ Ghattas, Kim. "Those Who Dare to Bare Their Hair". Foreign Policy. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  29. ^ Women in the World (February 10, 2016), Masih Alinejad: The "hijab is the most visible symbol of oppression", retrieved March 23, 2019
  30. ^ "Fox News: Iranian activist speaks out about treatment of women in Iran". Masihalinejad Media. August 10, 2018. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  31. ^ Ghattas, Kim (2020). Black wave : Saudi Arabia, Iran, and the forty-year rivalry that unraveled culture, religion, and collective memory in the Middle East (First ed.). New York: Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 978-1-250-13120-1. OCLC 1110155277.
  32. ^ Basmechi, Farinaz; Barnes, Donna; Heydari, Morteza (January 2, 2022). "Hashtag activism: tactical maneuvering in an online anti-mandatory hijab movement". Sociological Spectrum. 42 (1): 18–39. doi:10.1080/02732173.2021.2024467. ISSN 0273-2173.
  33. ^ Arghavan, Mahmoud (April 27, 2018). The Dilemma of Postcolonial and/or Orientalist Feminism in Iranian Diasporic Advocacy of Womenʼs Rights in the Homeland. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-35990-1.
  34. ^ Weltwoche. "The Menace of the Mullahs". www.weltwoche.ch. Retrieved March 23, 2019.
  35. ^ Katy Scott (February 18, 2018). "Macy's decision to sell hijabs sparks debate among Muslim women". CNN. Retrieved March 16, 2019.
  36. ^ "New Zealand women face praise and protests for donning the hijab". Reuters. March 26, 2019. Retrieved March 29, 2019.
  37. ^ "Iranian women threw off the hijab – what happened next?". BBC News. May 18, 2018.
  38. ^ Wootson Jr, Cleve R. (October 6, 2016). "'I will NOT wear a hijab': U.S. chess star refuses to attend world championships in Iran". The Washington Post. Retrieved May 30, 2018.
  39. ^ Nomani, Asra Q.; Alinejad, Masih (October 5, 2016). "The American chess champion challenging Iran's hijab fetish". Global Views. The Washington Post.
  40. ^ a b "Pompeo Tells Iranian Rights Activist Of U.S. Support". Radio Farda. February 5, 2019. Archived from the original on February 5, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  41. ^ "Secretary Pompeo's Meeting With Iranian Women's Rights Activist Masih Alinejad". U.S. Department of State. Archived from the original on February 5, 2019. Retrieved February 5, 2019.
  42. ^ "Geneva Summit 2015 Women's Rights Award". The Geneva Summit for Human Rights and Democracy. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  43. ^ "Freethinker prize 2017 awarded to Masih Alinejad and Zehra Doğan". free-thought.ch. Retrieved February 8, 2023.
  44. ^ Masih Alinejad Accepts the 2019 AAM Award, retrieved February 7, 2023
  45. ^ "American Jewish Committee Presents Moral Courage Award to Masih Alinejad, Prominent Opponent of Iranian Regime | AJC". www.ajc.org. June 13, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  46. ^ "Journalist Masih Alinejad receives Oxi Courage Award for her fight against Iran's compulsory hijab law". Firstpost. October 28, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  47. ^ "Institute Honors Iranian-American Activist Masih Alinejad with Prestigious Scholar-Statesman Award". The Washington Institute. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  48. ^ "Masih Alinejad Gives Rousing Acceptance Speech for Global Impact Award". December 14, 2022. Retrieved February 7, 2023.
  49. ^ "Iranian Rights Activist Alinejad Nominated For Nobel Peace Prize". Iran International. Retrieved March 7, 2023.
  50. ^ "Women of the Year". Time. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  51. ^ "Masih Alinejad Won't Be Silenced". Time. March 2, 2023. Retrieved March 2, 2023.
  52. ^ "Iran: Family of women's rights activist arrested in despicable attempt to intimidate her into silence". amnesty. September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2019.
  53. ^ Alinejad, Masih (October 6, 2019). "My Brother Ali Is Iran's Latest Hostage". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved October 6, 2019.
  54. ^ "Iran: Activists' Families Facing Harassment". Human Rights Watch. August 9, 2018. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  55. ^ "Family members taken 'hostage' by Iran to silence critics abroad". Middle East Monitor. October 3, 2019. Retrieved July 22, 2020.
  56. ^ Alinejad, Masih (July 31, 2018). "Opinion | My Sister Disowned Me on State TV". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  57. ^ a b c "Iran's Kidnapping Plot Exposes Its Paranoia". The New Yorker. July 19, 2021. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  58. ^ "Iranian journalist: 'Every week they try to smear me, discredit me'". The Guardian. January 24, 2013. Retrieved February 19, 2022.
  59. ^ "Iran 'spies' charged in plot to kidnap US journalist and speed her to Venezuela". The Guardian. July 14, 2021.
  60. ^ Weiser, Benjamin (July 31, 2022). "Man With Loaded Assault Rifle Arrested Outside Iranian Writer's Home". The New York Times. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  61. ^ "Man arrested near home of Iranian dissident faces gun charge". The Washington Post. Associated Press. August 11, 2022. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  62. ^ Alinejad, Masih (August 7, 2022). "Iran Tried to Kill Me on American Soil". The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved August 12, 2022.
  63. ^ Weiser, Benjamin; Thrush, Glenn (January 27, 2023). "Justice Dept. Announces More Arrests in Plot to Kill Iranian Writer". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  64. ^ Cohen, Luc; Schectman, Joel; Cohen, Luc (January 27, 2023). "U.S. charges three in Iran-backed effort to assassinate journalist". Reuters. Retrieved January 28, 2023.
  65. ^ California Resident Sentenced To Four Years In Prison For Conspiring To Violate U.S. Sanctions Against Iran
  66. ^ Zakaria, Rafia (July 3, 2018). "The Woman Whose Hair Frightens Iran". The New York Times (review).

External links[edit]

External videos
video icon Activist Masih Alinejad fights against the compulsory hijab in Iran, Matter Of Fact With Stan Grant, ABC News
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Masih_Alinejad&oldid=1219028252"