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== Bibliography ==
== Bibliography ==
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Revision as of 04:02, 9 October 2019

Jim Peebles

Born
Phillip James Edwin Peebles

(1935-04-25) April 25, 1935 (age 88)
EducationUniversity of Manitoba (BS)
Princeton University (MS, PhD)
Known forCosmic microwave background radiation
AwardsEddington Medal (1981)
Heineman Prize (1982)
Bruce Medal (1995)
Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1998)
Gruber Prize (2000)
Harvey Prize (2001)
Shaw Prize (2004)
Crafoord Prize (2005)
Dirac Medal (2013)
Nobel Prize in Physics (2019)
Scientific career
FieldsTheoretical physics
Physical cosmology
InstitutionsPrinceton University
Institute for Advanced Study

Phillip James Edwin Peebles OM FRS (born April 25, 1935) is a Canadian-American astrophysicist, astronomer, and theoretical cosmologist who is currently the Albert Einstein Professor Emeritus of Science at Princeton University.[1][2] He is widely regarded as one of the world's leading theoretical cosmologists in the period since 1970, with major theoretical contributions to primordial nucleosynthesis, dark matter, the cosmic microwave background, and structure formation.

Peebles was awarded half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2019 for his theoretical discoveries in physical cosmology. He shared the prize with Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz for their discovery of an exoplanet orbiting a sun-like star.[3][4]

Early life

Peebles was born in St. Boniface in Winnipeg, Manitoba, on April 25, 1935, and completed his bachelor's degree at the University of Manitoba. He left Manitoba in the fall of 1958 to attend Princeton University, where he completed his doctorate supervised by Robert Dicke;[5] he remained at Princeton for his whole career. Peebles was a Member in the School of Natural Sciences at the Institute for Advanced Study in academic year 1977–78; he made subsequent visits in 1990–91 and 1998–99.[6]

Academic career

Peebles has made many important contributions to the Big Bang model. With Dicke and others (nearly two decades after George Gamov, Ralph A. Alpher and Robert C. Herman), Peebles predicted the cosmic microwave background radiation. Along with making major contributions to Big Bang nucleosynthesis, dark matter, and dark energy, he was the leading pioneer in the theory of cosmic structure formation in the 1970s. Long before it was considered a serious, quantitative branch of physics, Peebles was studying physical cosmology and has done much to establish its respectability.[7] His Shaw Prize citation states "He laid the foundations for almost all modern investigations in cosmology, both theoretical and observational, transforming a highly speculative field into a precision science."[8]

Peebles has a long record of innovating the basic ideas, which would be extensively studied later by other scientists. For instance, in 1987, he proposed the primordial isocurvature baryon model for the development of the early universe.[9] Similarly, Peebles contributed to establishing the problem of dark matter in the early 1970s.[10] Peebles is also known for the Ostriker–Peebles criterion, relating to the stability of galactic formation.

His three textbooks (Physical Cosmology, 1971; Large Scale Structure of the Universe, 1980; Principles of Physical Cosmology, 1993) have been standard references in the field. In Principles of Physical Cosmology,[11] he expressed a preferred reference frame for velocity anywhere in the universe based on Isotropic Cosmic Background Radiation, a departure from previous models[opinion], but according to Peebles not in violation of Relativity. Victor Weisskopf gave the same opinion in his book. [12] Without compromising Relativity principles in 1949 Albert Einstein introduced the concept of a preferred inertial frame in his Autobiographical Notes[13] with the recommendation that kinetic energy should be developed as a field concept[dubious ], but this was not possible at the time before discovery of Cosmic Background Radiation. He was awarded the 2019 Nobel prize for physics.

Honors

Awards

Named after him

References

  • Davis, M.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1983). "A survey of galaxy redshifts. V – The two-point position and velocity correlations". Astrophys. J. 267: 465. Bibcode:1983ApJ...267..465D. doi:10.1086/160884.
  • Dicke, R. H.; Peebles, P. J. E.; Roll, P. G.; Wilkinson, D. T. (1965). "Cosmic Black-Body Radiation". Astrophys. J. 142: 414. Bibcode:1965ApJ...142..414D. doi:10.1086/148306.
  • Fukugita, M.; Hogan, C. J.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1998). "The cosmic baryon budget". Astrophys. J. 503 (2): 518. arXiv:astro-ph/9712020. Bibcode:1998ApJ...503..518F. doi:10.1086/306025.
  • Groth, E. J.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1977). "Statistical Analysis Of Catalogs Of Extragalactic Objects. 7. Two And Three Point Correlation Functions For The High-Resolution Shane-Wirtanen Catalog Of Galaxies". Astrophys. J. 217: 385. Bibcode:1977ApJ...217..385G. doi:10.1086/155588.
  • Ostriker, J. P.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1973). "A Numerical Study of the Stability of Flattened Galaxies: or, can Cold Galaxies Survive?". Astrophys. J. 186: 467. Bibcode:1973ApJ...186..467O. doi:10.1086/152513.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1966). "Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. I". Phys. Rev. Lett. 16 (10): 410. Bibcode:1966PhRvL..16..410P. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.16.410.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1966). "Primordial Helium Abundance and the Primordial Fireball. II". Astrophys. J. 146: 542. Bibcode:1966ApJ...146..542P. doi:10.1086/148918.
  • Peebles, P. J. E.; Dicke, R. H. (1968). "Origin of the Globular Star Clusters". Astrophys. J. 154: 891. Bibcode:1968ApJ...154..891P. doi:10.1086/149811.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1969). "Origin of the Angular Momentum of Galaxies". Astrophys. J. 155: 393. Bibcode:1969ApJ...155..393P. doi:10.1086/149876.
  • Peebles, P. J. E.; Yu, J. T. (1970). "Primeval adiabatic perturbation in an expanding universe". Astrophys. J. 162: 815. Bibcode:1970ApJ...162..815P. doi:10.1086/150713.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1971). Physical Cosmology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1980). The large-scale structure of the universe. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1982). "Large-scale background temperature and mass fluctuations due to scale-invariant primeval perturbations". Astrophys. J. 263: L1. Bibcode:1982ApJ...263L...1P. doi:10.1086/183911.
  • Peebles, P. J. E. (1993). Principles of Physical Cosmology. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
  • Ratra, B.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1988). "Cosmology with a time-variable cosmological 'constant'". Astrophys. J. 325: L17. Bibcode:1988ApJ...325L..17P. doi:10.1086/185100.
  • Ratra, B.; Peebles, P. J. E. (1988). "Cosmological consequences of a rolling homogeneous scalar field". Phys. Rev. D. 37 (12): 3406. Bibcode:1988PhRvD..37.3406R. doi:10.1103/physrevd.37.3406.
  • Ratra, B.; Peebles, P. J. E. (2003). "The cosmological constant and dark energy". Rev. Mod. Phys. 75 (2): 559–606. arXiv:astro-ph/0207347. Bibcode:2003RvMP...75..559P. doi:10.1103/RevModPhys.75.559.

Footnotes

  1. ^ "Princeton University Physics Department". Archived from the original on May 11, 2011.
  2. ^ "Princeton University News". Archived from the original on April 13, 2016.
  3. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019". Nobel Media AB. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  4. ^ Chang, Kenneth; Specia, Megan (October 8, 2019). "Nobel Prize in Physics Awarded for Cosmic Discoveries - The cosmologist James Peebles split the prize with the astrophysicists Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz, for work the Nobel judges said "transformed our ideas about the cosmos."". The New York Times. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  5. ^ Seeing Cosmology Grow
  6. ^ "Phillip James E. Peebles". Institute for Advanced Study. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  7. ^ "General Relativity's Influence and Mysteries". Institute for Advanced Study. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  8. ^ "Announcement-The Shaw Laureate in Astronomy 2004". Shaw Foundation. Retrieved January 27, 2016.
  9. ^ Hu (1994-06-28)
  10. ^ de Swart, J. G.; Bertone, G.; van Dongen, J. (2017). "How dark matter came to matter". Nature Astronomy. 1 (59): 0059. arXiv:1703.00013. Bibcode:2017NatAs...1E..59D. doi:10.1038/s41550-017-0059.
  11. ^ Principles of Physical Cosmology, Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ, 1993, Page 151.
  12. ^ The Privilege of Being a Physicist, Freeman, New York, 1989. Page 143.
  13. ^ A Stubbornly Persistent Illusion, edited with commentary by Stephen Hawking, Running Press, Philadelphia Pa, 2009. Page 355.
  14. ^ a b Weintraub, David A. (2011). How Old Is the Universe?. Princeton University Press. p. 317. ISBN 9780691147314. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  15. ^ "Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics | American Astronomical Society". aas.org. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  16. ^ "Phillip Peebles biography". Royal Society. Retrieved January 24, 2017.
  17. ^ "The Bruce Medalists". www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  18. ^ "Earlier Lectures - Oskar Klein Centre". www.okc.albanova.se. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  19. ^ Williams, D. A. (June 1, 1999). "Prof. P J E Peebles: 1998 Gold Medal". Astronomy & Geophysics. pp. 3.6–3.6. doi:10.1093/astrog/40.3.3.6-a. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  20. ^ "2000 Gruber Cosmology Prize | Gruber Foundation". gruber.yale.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  21. ^ "Princeton Announcements, June 2001 - Archived". www.princeton.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  22. ^ "The Shaw Prize - Top prizes for astronomy, life science and mathematics". www.shawprize.org. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  23. ^ "The Crafoord Prize 2005". www.crafoordprize.se. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  24. ^ "Charles M. and Martha Hitchcock Lectures | Series | Berkeley Graduate Lectures". gradlectures.berkeley.edu. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  25. ^ "FACULTY AWARD: Peebles awarded 2013 Dirac Medal for work in theoretical physics". Princeton University. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  26. ^ "12 Manitobans to receive province's highest honour this summer". CBC.ca. May 12, 2017. Retrieved October 8, 2019.
  27. ^ "The Nobel Prize in Physics 2019". Nobel Media AB. Retrieved October 8, 2019.

Bibliography

External links