English: Early uniforms of the Filipino revolutionaries were inspired by the Spanish guayabera and guerrera. Army ranks were shown on the cuffs on sleeves of the uniforms, similar to Spanish Army.
Upon the establishment of the Philippine Revolutionary Government and its Department of War on June 23, 1898, the uniforms issued by the army of Emilio Aguinaldo's government were only made from available materials at the time. Uniform designs also differed, depending on the commanders from whom the soldier received orders. General Antonio Luna, the Director of War, issued a standardization of army uniforms designed by his brother, Juan Luna, and reflecting the chain of command of what was to be the Army of the First Republic (called Ejercito Filipino). The regalia included the epaulettes, ranks, pins, and insignias of the army. The Decree of November 25, 1898, signed by President Aguinaldo, formalized Juan Luna's designs. These uniforms were worn by the army of the First Republic well into the Philippine–American War (1899–1902) and afterwards, when guerrilla war was waged by General Miguel Malvar after President Aguinaldo's capture in 1901.