Olympic champion: - 2016 Rio de Janeiro, 100m - 2016 Rio de Janeiro, 200m - 2020 Tokyo, 100m - 2020 Tokyo, 200m - 2020 Tokyo, 4x100m relay

World champion: - 2015 Beijing, 4x100m relay

Elaine Thompson-Herah (née Thompson; born 28 June 1992) is a Jamaican sprinter who specialises in the 100 metres and 200 metres. She is a five-time Olympic champion, having won gold in both the 100 and 200 metres at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Rio de Janeiro and again at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo.

She rose to prominence as part of the gold medal-winning team in the 4x100 metres relay at the 2015 World Championships, where she also won a silver medal in the 200 metres. At the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Thompson completed a rare sprint double when she won gold in the 100m (with a time of 10.71 s) and the 200m (21.78 s), becoming the first female sprinter to do so since Florence Griffith Joyner at the Seoul Olympics in 1988.

In 2021, she set an Olympic and Jamaican national record of 10.61 seconds in the 100 metres at the 2020 Summer Olympics, making her the fastest woman alive and the second-fastest woman in history. She holds the record for the second-fastest 200 metres with a time of 21.53 seconds which she set at the Tokyo Olympics final.

Thompson-Herah began competing internationally in 2013. In 2015 she achieved her first finish under 11 seconds in the 100 metres, and she ran 21.66 seconds in the 200 metres. She was the 2019 Pan American Games champion and a two-time Diamond League winner.