Title: Chaparral : studies in the dwarf forests, or elfin-wood, of southern California
Identifier: chaparralstudies85plum (find matches)
Year: 1911 (1910s)
Authors: Plummer, Fred G. (Fred Gordon), 1864-1913. 1n
Subjects: Forests and forestry California, Southern; Chaparral California, Southern
Publisher: Washington, D. C. : U. S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service
Contributing Library: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library
Digitizing Sponsor: U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Library

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CHAPARRAL. 35 cially when young, and in its chaparral form makes a dense cover for the ground. Quercus densiflora, California tanbark oak, is distributed through the Coast Range as far south as the Angeles National Forest. Nor- mally it is a large tree, from 50 to TO feet high, but in the chaparral, especially near its southern limit, it is a scrub, usually less than 10 feet high. An evergreen, its leaves remain on the branches for three or four years. Unlike the ckrysolepis, it seeks the high regions and the exposed summits, where it is desirable on account of its dense shade. Quercus dumosa, California scrub oak, is native to the Coast Ranges of California and Baja California, and is found sparingly in the Sierra Nevada. In the chaparral it is very desirable, since it has a wide range, is evergreen, and grows on all kinds of soils and sites.
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Fig. 7.—Lemonade berry, Rhus integrifolia, 6 feet high. It reproduces both by seed and coppice, but though it bears cones abundantly, even on 3-year-old coppices, seedlings are exceedingly rare. If not too severely burned, it will produce a fair coppice cover within three years, a much shorter time than the average for the chaparral species. It may be killed, however, by very severe fires; burned areas have shown 15 per cent of dead stubs. Its value as cover should strongly urge its extension by artificial means. Quercus wislizeni, highland oak, is distributed throughout the chaparral area, and extends northward into the Sacramento Valley to latitude 41°. Its altitudinal range, which extends to 6,200 feet, is frequently above the chaparral zone. Some of the trees attain a height of 30 feet and a diameter of 12 inches, but, when part of the chaparral, have a scrubb)^ form. It is an important species in the present cover and a desirable one, since it is evergreen and makes a good cover on all slopes. Occasionally it forms a pure stand in

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