Tucker 48

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Tucker 48
1948 Tucker 48 sedan
Overview
ManufacturerTucker Corporation
Production1947–1948 (MY1948; total of 50 cars completed)
Model years1948
AssemblyChicago, Illinois, United States
DesignerGeorge S. Lawson, Alex Tremulis, Read Viemeister, Budd Steinhilber, Tucker Madawick, Hal Bergstrom, Philip S. Egan
Body and chassis
ClassSedan
LayoutRear engine, rear-wheel drive, 4-wheel independent suspension (rubber torsion tube (no springs) with shock absorbers)
Powertrain
Engineboxer-6 (horizontally opposed), OHV, 334.1 cubic inches (5.475 L)[1] (4.50" bore × 3.50" stroke), 7.0:1 compression ratio, 166 bhp, 372 lb⋅ft (504 N⋅m) torque
TransmissionCord 810/812; Tucker Y-1 (Modified Cord 810/812);[1]
TuckerMatic (R-1, R-1-2, R-3 versions)
Dimensions
Wheelbase128.0 in (3,251 mm)
Length219.0 in (5,563 mm)
Width79.0 in (2,007 mm)
Height60.0 in (1,524 mm)
Curb weight4,200 lb (1,900 kg)

The Tucker 48, commonly but incorrectly referred to as the Tucker Torpedo, was an automobile conceived by Preston Tucker while in Ypsilanti, Michigan and briefly produced in Chicago, Illinois in 1948. Only 51 cars were made including their prototype before the company was forced to declare bankruptcy and cease all operations on March 3, 1949, due to negative publicity initiated by the news media, a Securities and Exchange Commission investigation, and a heavily publicized stock fraud trial (in which the allegations were proven baseless and led to a full acquittal). Tucker suspected that the Big Three automakers and Michigan Senator Homer S. Ferguson had a role in the Tucker Corporation's demise.[2]

The 48's original proposed price was said to be $1,000, but the actual selling price was closer to $4,000.[3]

The 1988 movie Tucker: The Man and His Dream is based on the saga surrounding the car's production. The film's director, Francis Ford Coppola, is a Tucker owner and displays his vehicle on the grounds of his winery.[4]

The Tucker 48 is often referred to as the Tucker Torpedo. However, the Torpedo was actually a prototype, and the name was never used for the production model, which was officially called the "Tucker 48".[3][5]

Development[edit]

After World War II, the public was ready for new car designs, but the Big Three Detroit automakers had not developed any new models since 1941 because their resources had been diverted towards producing war materiel. This provided opportunities for new, small automakers which could develop new cars faster than the huge legacy automakers. Studebaker was the first to introduce an all-new postwar model series in the ponton style which had just gone mainstream, but Tucker took a different track, designing a safe car with innovative features and modern styling. His specifications called for a water-cooled aluminum block[1] flat-6 rear engine, disc brakes, four-wheel independent suspension,[1] fuel injection, the location of all instruments within reach of the steering wheel, seat belts and a padded dashboard.

Tucker Torpedo brochure, c. 1947. This concept drawing includes a centrally positioned steering wheel, doors that wrap up into the roof, and front fenders that turn when the car is cornering. These features did not reach production.

Before the war's end, Preston Tucker began working on plans for his new automobile. In the summer of 1944, he hired noted car designer George S. Lawson to style his new automobile.[6] Lawson worked on the project for over a year and a half before his design debuted publicly, beginning about February 1946 and found as late as a year later in March 1947.[7] Lawson was named the Tucker Corporation's "chief stylist" in February 1946, immediately upon the company's formation.[8]

In December 1946, Lawson resigned from the company after a disagreement with Preston Tucker, and shortly thereafter, stylist Alex Tremulis of local Chicago design firm Tammen & Denison was hired and furthered the development of the Lawson design. Tucker gave Tammen & Denison and Tremulis a three-month contract, which expired in March 1947 and was not renewed.[9] The culmination of Tremulis' efforts during this phase of design development was featured in a full-page advertisement run in numerous national newspapers in March 1947. Tremulis' design was based directly upon the work of George Lawson, but incorporated his own artistic flair.

Simultaneous with Tremulis' departure, Preston Tucker hired a team of five designers (Read Viemeister, Budd Steinhilber, Tucker Madawick, Hal Bergstrom and Phillip Egan) from the New York design firm J. Gordon Lippincott, who updated Tremulis' design just as Tremulis had done with Lawson's.[10]

(Left): Tucker Torpedo photographed at the 2008 Goodwood Festival of Speed, England; (right): Tucker 48 at the San Diego Automotive Museum

After a month's absence, Tremulis was rehired and the two independent design groups developed full-size clay models side by side in direct competition.[9] Surviving photographs of the two models reveal that Tremulis' clay design remained unchanged from his March 1947 advertisement proposal and was not chosen for production. The passenger side of the Lippincott team's clay model (they submitted two designs), which incorporated the side profile developed by Tremulis prior to their arrival, was chosen virtually intact for the production automobile's styling.[10]

The Tucker 48's evolving appearance in the company's press releases and other promotional materials, combined with suggestive statements such as "15 years of testing produced the car of the year"—despite no running prototype existing at the time—were instrumental in the SEC filing mail and conspiracy fraud charges against Preston Tucker. The SEC, however, failed to prove its case, and Tucker was acquitted of all charges in January 1950.[11] However, the company never recovered.

Tremulis, like George Lawson, was eventually named the Tucker Corporation's "chief stylist," although the first reference to him holding this position does not appear until 1948, after the Tucker 48's exterior styling was completed.[12]

The Tucker automobile was originally named the "Torpedo," but was changed to "Tucker '48" around the time of Lawson's departure and Tremulis' arrival, reportedly because Tucker did not want to remind the public of the horrors of World War II. Despite the name change, the Tucker 48 is still often referred to as the Tucker Torpedo. Alex Tremulis has claimed responsibility for dubbing the first prototype automobile the "Tin Goose," a name which is presently used in an affectionate manner but at the time was considered derogatory.[13]

Innovative design features[edit]

A Tucker 48 Sedan design patent illustration[14]

The Tucker was a pioneer in terms of engineering and safety features. A rear engine, rear wheel drive configuration had been employed in Tatras and Volkswagens, and headlamps that turned with the front wheels had been available since the 1920s, but they would have been firsts for a modern American production car. The most recognizable feature of the Tucker 48, was a third directional headlamp. Centrally located, it would activate at steering angles of greater than 10 degrees to light the car's path around corners. At the time, 17 states had laws against cars having more than two headlights.[15] Tucker fabricated a cover for the center light for use in these states.

The car had a rear engine and rear-wheel drive. A perimeter frame surrounded the vehicle for crash protection, as well as a roll bar integrated into the roof. The steering box was behind the front axle to protect the driver in a front-end accident. The instrument panel and all controls were within easy reach of the steering wheel, and the dashboard was padded for safety.[16] The windshield was made of shatterproof glass and designed to pop out in a collision to protect occupants. The car's parking brake had a separate key so it could be locked in place to prevent theft. The doors extended into the roof, to ease entry and exit.[15] Each Tucker that was built differed somewhat from the previous car, as each car built was basically a "prototype" where design features and engineering concepts were tried, improved, or discarded throughout the production cycle. The door releases on the interior of the Tucker came from the Lincoln Zephyr. The steering columns used in the Tucker were donated by Ford and are from the 1941 Lincoln. Preston Tucker held a patent for a collapsible steering column design. A glove box was added to the front door panels instead of the more conventional location in the dashboard to provide space for the "crash chamber" that the Tucker is now famous for. This is a padded area ahead of the passenger seat, free from obstructions, providing the front seat passengers an area to protect themselves in the event of an accident.[3] The engine and transmission were mounted on a separate subframe which was secured with only six bolts. The entire drive train could thus be lowered and removed from the car in minutes. Tucker envisioned loaner engines being quickly swapped in for service in just 30 minutes.[17]

Tucker envisioned several other innovations that were later abandoned. Magnesium wheels, disc brakes, fuel injection, self-sealing tubeless tires, and a direct-drive torque converter transmission were all evaluated or tested, but were dropped on the final prototype due to cost, engineering complexity, and lack of time to develop.[18]

Tucker initially tried to develop an innovative engine, with help from Ben Parsons, then owner and president of the Fuelcharger Corporation, and would later be Tucker's VP of engineering.[19] It was a 589 cubic inches (9.65 L) flat-6 cylinder with hemispherical combustion chambers, fuel injection, and overhead valves operated by oil pressure rather than a camshaft. An oil pressure distributor was mounted in line with the ignition distributor and delivered appropriately timed direct oil pressure to open each valve at proper intervals. The oil pressure fed to each valve was "timed" by intake and exhaust eccentrics and measured by spring-loaded plungers.[19] It had large pistons built of aluminum and magnesium castings with steel-plated cylinder linings.[19] This unique engine was designed to idle at 100 rpm and cruise at 250-1200 rpm through the use of direct-drive torque converters on each driving wheel instead of a transmission. It was designed to produce almost 200 hp (150 kW; 200 PS)1 and 450 lb⋅ft (610 N⋅m) of torque at only 1800 RPM. When cruising at 60 mph (97 km/h), it would only turn at approximately 1000 rpm.[19] These features would have been auto industry firsts in 1948, but as engine development proceeded, problems appeared. Six prototypes of the 589 engine were built, but it was installed only in the test chassis and the first prototype.[15]

Troubled premiere[edit]

The world premiere of the much-hyped Tucker 48 car was set for June 19, 1947. Over 3,000 people showed up at the factory in Chicago for lunch, a train tour of the plant, and the unveiling of the first prototype. The unveiling appeared doomed, however, as last-minute problems cropped up. The night before the premiere, two of the prototype's independent suspension arms snapped under the car's weight. (The prototype was extremely heavy; much heavier than the other 48s.) Minor engine problems were fixed, and the car was presentable by the time of the premiere. However, the experimental 589 engine was extremely loud. Tucker told the band to play as loud as possible to drown out the noise. Additionally the high-voltage starter required the use of outside power to get the engine started, so Tucker had the engineering team keep the engine running during the entire event, fearing that the public would see how much effort was required to get the engine started.[19] As the car was driven on to the platform, the liquid coolant boiled over and some steam escaped from the car, but no one seemed to notice.[10]

Drew Pearson, one of the top newspaper columnists of his time, reported publicly that the car was a fraud because it could not go backward and it went "goose-geese" going down the road.[20] Although this problem was limited to the first prototype only, a symptom of the speed with which the first car was put together, the damage to the car's reputation was done, and a storm of negative media followed.[20]

Tucker suffered another setback when his bids to obtain two steel mills to provide raw materials for his cars were rejected by the War Assets Administration under a shroud of questionable politics.[21]

Continued development[edit]

Engine[edit]

Tucker 589cu.in. prototype direct drive engine. (Note torque converters at each end and the early rubber disk-type suspension used on prototype)
Franklin O-335 engine and Tucker Y-1 transmission.

Tucker had promised 150 hp (110 kW; 150 PS), but his innovative engine was not working out. The valve train proved problematic and the engine only produced approximately 88 hp (66 kW). The high oil pressure required a 24-volt electrical system, up to 60 volts to get it started, and a long cranking time at start-up. Additionally, the oil pressure required to maintain valve function was not achieved until the engine was turning at higher RPM and Tucker's engineers struggled with keeping the valve train working at idle and lower speeds/RPM.[19] Having wasted nearly a year trying to make the 589 work, Tucker started looking for alternatives.

The company first tried the Lycoming aircraft engine, but it would not fit in the car's rear engine compartment.

An air-cooled flat-6 engine, the Franklin O-335 made by Air Cooled Motors (and originally intended for the Bell 47),[22] fit, and its 166 hp (124 kW; 168 PS) pleased Tucker. He purchased four samples for $5,000 each, and his engineers converted the 334 cubic inches (5,470 cc) engine to water cooling (a decision that has puzzled historians ever since).[22] The Franklin engine was heavily modified by Tucker's engineers, including Eddie Offutt and Tucker's son Preston, Jr. at his Ypsilanti machine shop. Using an aircraft engine in an automotive application required significant modification; thus, very few parts of the original Franklin engine were retained in the final Tucker engine. This durable modification of the engine was tested at maximum power for 150 hours, the equivalent of 18,000 miles (29,000 km), at full throttle.[23]

Tucker quickly bought Air Cooled Motors for $1.8 million to secure the engine source, then canceled all of the company's aircraft contracts so its resources could be focused on making automotive engines. This was a significant decision, since at the time of Tucker's purchase, Air Cooled Motors held over 65% of post-war U.S. aviation engine production contracts. The loss of income was substantial.

Transmission[edit]

With the horizontal, between-the-wheels 589 motor and its double torque converter(s) (and no reverse) drive system out, Tucker now needed a transmission to mate with the Franklin O-335. This motor was also horizontal, but its driveshaft pointed towards the front of the car. It was discovered, after a few sketches were made, that it was theoretically possible to adapt a previous transmission design intended for front-engine/front wheel drive use. This transmission served as a temporary "fix" for a very real problem for the success of the Tucker.

Pre-Selector manual transmission[edit]

It was discovered that the Cord 810/812's Auburn Gear, front-wheel-drive; 4-speed transmission, with the Bendix "Electric Hand" electro-vacuum shifting mechanism, fit the immediate design requirements needed to get the cars built, and on the road; until a future automatic (Tucker-built transmission) was worked out. This transmission was designed originally behind a standard V-8 engine, and pointed forward towards the front of the car, for the front wheels. However, this transmission came with a poor reputation, following its original use, in the Cord 810 automobile. (In 1936, when the Cord 810 made its debut at the New York Automobile show, the transmissions were so problematic that 810 models were mostly shown without any transmission installed. Problems abounded until the last Cord was produced in 1937.) The Cord transmissions, even with refurbishing, were initially inadequate for the power and torque of the O-335 engine. The Cords lacked adequate lubrication and the main shaft was so long that it warped under load (causing gears to pop out of play), and the gear-teeth were quite weak. Nevertheless, in the Tucker, this transmission worked well enough for the new engine configuration; it provided an adequate (albeit fragile) transmission, with a reverse gear. The company then sent several of its staff, including Preston Tucker Jr., on a campaign to buy used Cord transmissions, for reconditioning; a total of 22 used transmissions were acquired from junkyards and used car dealers. These transmissions were taken to the Ypsilanti Machine And Tool Company. After refurbishment, several were mated to the O-335 and found to work, providing four speeds forward and reverse. It was decided, consequently, that the Cord design - nearly 12 years old - would become the "manual transmission" for the 1948 and subsequent Tucker automobiles. About 18 of the 22 Cords were found to be usable and – since newly made Y-1 transmissions were not yet available – were installed in production Tucker vehicles. Several of the cars have survived with Cord transmissions.

Ypsilanti Y-1 transmission[edit]

Ypsilanti Machine and Tool Company, which was tapped to recondition the Cord units, began immediately redesigning the transmission for mass production for Tucker. This new design, which had few similar parts to the Cord transmission, still used the same basic indirect transmission design, but had all new gearing, shafts and electro-vacuum controls. Tucker and his engineers modified it, installing stronger gears and lengthening the case. The modified Cord transmission was named the Tucker Y-1 (Ypsilanti-1) and was installed in a few Tuckers. Both also used a Bendix designed electric vacuum shift mechanism with no mechanical linkage to the steering column shift lever. These EVS's had problems of their own with electrical connections and vacuum leaks that hindered shifting, so a new fully mechanical shift design would have been needed, had the Tucker made it into 1949.

Tuckermatic drive[edit]

Tucker 335 engine and Tuckermatic R-1-2 transmission (trans recovered from car #1042; note second torque converter on the end).

To solve the transmission problems with a new final transmission design, Warren Rice, creator of the Buick Dynaflow transmission, was consulted. A unique continuously variable transmission called the "Tuckermatic" was designed, which was strong enough to handle the Franklin O-335's power and torque. It was a simple but effective design with a single, rear-mounted torque converter and only 27 basic moving parts which was about 90 fewer than normally required for a contemporary automatic. The variable pitch torque converter allowed a continuously variable drive ratio with two forward gears and one reverse gear.

The only surviving car with a Tuckermatic installed had a standard column shift lever, with a three position quadrant on the steering column. Up was reverse, the middle was neutral, and down was drive. Due to the Tuckermatic's design, no lower gear selections were necessary, hence there was no need for a multi gated selector like other automatics.

Three versions of the Tuckermatic were made: the R-1, R-1-2, and R-3 (R for Warren Rice, its designer). The first version, the R-1, was not installed on any of the final cars. It required the engine to be off in order to select a gear. The R-1-2 was improved by adding a layshaft brake to allow gear selection while the engine was running. This version was installed on cars #1026 and 1042 only. The R-3 version had further improvements including a centrifugal clutch to help shifting between forward and reverse even further, and may have been destined for car #1048 for further testing.

Because the external torque converter on the Tuckermatic made the engine-transmission unit longer, the fuel tank in the Tucker 48 had to be moved from behind the rear seat to in front of the dashboard for all Tuckers from car #1026 forward, even though only two of them actually had the Tuckermatic installed. This had the added advantage of improving weight distribution in the car.

Other drives contemplated for the Tucker 48[edit]

A Borg-Warner based, 3-speed automatic was supposedly tested and was installed on car #1048 at some point when the company was in business, although no histories written ever mentioned such a drive. That said, Tucker ultimately wanted to design his own transmission for the final car, which came to fruition with the Tuckermatic. In 1949, #1048 was sold at the receivership auction without a transmission installed. Today, #1048 has the 4 speed pre-selector transmission that was used on all but two of the original 50 pilot models. It is likely this transmission was privately installed after the auction, and that the unit was the Ypsilanti-built Y-1 transmission.[citation needed]

Suspension and body[edit]

Tucker rear suspension rubber torsion tube (left) and Sandwich type front suspension (right) used on cars #1001–1025.
Tucker Rubber Torsion Tube (version2) Front Suspension used on car #1026-on. This unit taken from car #1046 for V8 conversion.

Suspension designs, especially the front suspension, had to be changed throughout development. Rather than steel springs, Tucker used an elastomeric (rubber) 4-wheel independent[15] suspension similar to what was used on the race cars he developed with Harry Miller at the Indianapolis 500. The rubber elastomers were developed with assistance from the Firestone Tire Company and used a special vulcanization process to produce a specific spring rate.

Tucker's suspension designs were plagued with severe stiffness throughout development, which, while good for handling, caused front-wheel corner lift when cornering on uneven surfaces. The test bed and the prototype had a double-rubber disc type front and rear suspension, similar to Miller's race cars, which was too weak for the weight of a passenger car. On cars #1001 and 1002 the rear wheels could not be removed without removing the fender or suspension due to the stiffness of the suspension and the rear wheel arch fender design. From car #1003 on, the rear fender shape was changed so the tire could be removed easily. Aside from the fender changes, the rear suspension remained the same from car #1001 on.

Three versions of the front suspension were installed in the cars (aside from the rubber-disc style used on the prototype). Cars #1001–1002 used a rubber torsion tube design, which suffered from severe toe-in during heavy braking. Tucker then switched to a rubber sandwich type suspension (with a rubber block sandwiched between the upper and lower A-arms) on cars #1003–1025, however, this type was severely stiff. Starting on car #1026, Tucker finally settled on a suspension design with a modified version of the rubber torsion tube with the toe-in braking problem corrected.

Original Tucker paint color codes:[1]

  • 100: Black
  • 200: Waltz Blue
  • 300: Green
  • 400: Beige
  • 500: Grey (Silver)
  • 600: Maroon

Original Tucker interior trim color codes:[3]

  • 900: Green
  • 920: Blue
  • 940: Beige

Funding and publicity[edit]

Having raised $17,000,000 in a stock issue, one of the first speculative IPOs, Tucker needed more money to continue development of the car. He sold dealerships and distributorships throughout the country. Another money maker was the Tucker Accessories Program. In order to secure a spot on the Tucker waiting list, future buyers could purchase accessories, like seat covers, radio, and luggage, before their car was built. This brought in an additional $2,000,000.

With the final design in place, Preston Tucker took the pre-production cars on the road to show them in towns across the country. The cars were an instant success, with crowds gathering wherever they stopped. One report says Tucker was pulled over by a police officer intent on getting a better look at the car.[citation needed]

To prove the road-worthiness of his cars, Tucker and his engineers ran several cars at the Indianapolis Motor Speedway in several endurance tests. During this testing, car #1027 was rolled three times at 95 miles per hour (153 km/h), and the driver (chief mechanic Eddie Offutt) walked away with just bruises. During the crash, the windshield popped out as designed, verifying Tucker's safety features were effective. Afterwards, upon replacing a damaged tire, the car started up and was driven off the track.

SEC investigation and demise[edit]

Main article: Preston Tucker
1948 Tucker at Petersen Automotive Museum, Los Angeles, California, United States

One of Tucker's most innovative business ideas caused trouble for the company. His Accessories Program raised funds by selling accessories before the car was even in production. After the war, demand for new cars was greater than dealers could supply and most dealers had waiting lists for new cars. Preference was given to returning veterans which meant that non-veterans were bumped down on the waiting lists indefinitely. Tucker's program allowed potential buyers who purchased Tucker accessories to obtain a guaranteed spot on the Tucker dealer waiting list for a Tucker 48 car.

This concept was investigated by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and the United States Attorney, and led to an indictment of company executives. Although all charges were eventually dropped, the negative publicity destroyed the company and halted production of the car.

Tucker 48 cars[edit]

Tucker 48 at Stahls Automotive Collection

The first Tucker produced was a prototype sedan, known as the "Tin Goose". 58 frames and bodies were built at the factory. From these parts, 36 sedans were finished before the factory was closed. After the factory closed, but before liquidation of his assets, Tucker retained a core of employees who assembled an additional 14 sedans, for a total of 50. A 51st car was partially completed. A few of the remaining frames and bodies were built into complete cars specifically #1052 and #1057 (the 1949 prototype with design changes), but the fate of the others is unknown.

In the early 1950s, Ft. Lauderdale, Florida, fairgrounds owner Nick Jenin purchased over ten Tuckers, the original Tucker testbed chassis, numerous Tucker parts, photos and documents.[24] He developed a traveling display called "The Fabulous Tuckers". He hauled the cars and memorabilia around the country for nearly 10 years displaying them at fairgrounds and car shows. His display highlighted the questionable policies and SEC fraud investigation which brought Tucker down.[24]

When the cars appear at auction, which is rare, they command prices attained by only a few marquee cars. In August 2010, Tucker #1045 sold for $1.127 million,[25] while Tucker #1043 went for $2.915 million at an auction in 2012.[26]

Complete Tucker 48s #0000-1050 Completed at the Tucker Factory
Chassis number Location Status Owner Engine Transmission Front suspension version Original body color/paint code
0000 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania Intact Swigart Antique Auto Museum Tucker 589 cu in. Direct Drive (original)

Franklin O-335 (after first showing)

Direct drive torque converters (original)

Tucker Y-1 (after first showing)

Rubber Disc Type Maroon/600
The prototype model. Tucker #0000 was the only complete Tucker with Rubber Disc prototype suspension, the 589 engine, and direct torque converter drive (with no reverse gear). After the first showing, it was converted to an O-335/Y-1 at the Tucker factory.
1001 Hershey, Pennsylvania Intact AACA Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 1 Maroon/600
Tucker #1001 was previously owned by David Cammack as part of the Tucker Collection in Alexandria, Virginia. Upon Cammack's death in 2013, his entire extensive Tucker collection was donated to the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
1002 Clayton, Ohio Intact Privately owned by Elaina Hill Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 1 Waltz Blue/200
Tucker #1002 was the last Tucker produced with Rubber Torsion Tube 1 front suspension, which was plagued by severe toe-in when braking and was replaced with Rubber Sandwich from Tucker #1003 on. The rear fenders were also changed from #1003 on to allow rear wheel removal.
1003 California Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Maroon/600
Tucker #1003 is currently on display at the Academy of Art University Automobile Museum in San Francisco.[27] Sold at Gooding & Co's Pebble Beach Auction in 2014 for $2,035,000[28]
1004 Nagakute, Japan Intact Toyota Automobile Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Grey(Silver)/500
Tucker #1004 was originally Grey(Silver)/500, but was painted Maroon/600 when it was restored in 1978. Was reportedly entered in two NASCAR races in 1950.[29]
1005 Tallahassee, Florida Intact Tallahassee Automobile Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Waltz Blue/200
1006 Clayton, Ohio Intact Privately owned by Elaina Hill Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Green/300
1007 Tacoma, Washington Intact LeMay Family Collection Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Green/300
Tucker #1007 left the factory in the Green/300 with the Green/900 interior trim, one of eight to be produced in green. During the early 1960s, Tucker #1007 was painted a bright red-orange, then later painted black, then lastly painted its present deep metallic blue color in the early 1990s. It is currently on display in the LeMay Family Collection at the Marymount Event Center in Tacoma, Washington.[3]
1008 Chicago, Illinois Intact Chicago Vintage Motor Carriage Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Beige/400
Tucker #1008 was originally Beige/400 but is now Maroon/600. It is currently located in the Richard Driehaus Collection at Chicago Vintage Motor Carriage.
1009 California Intact Lucasfilm Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Grey(Silver)/500
1010 Scottsdale, Arizona Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Waltz Blue/200
After being stored in a barn near Tacoma, Washington for 50 years, Tucker #1010 was sent to auction in January 2011 via Gooding and Co. in Scottsdale, Arizona for a starting bid of $750,000. Reports and photos indicate the vehicle is in major need of restoration: the engine was reportedly seized, with rust damage throughout the vehicle and some minor exterior parts missing, including the original hubcaps.
1011 Montana Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Beige/400
1012 LaPorte, Indiana Intact La Porte County Historical Society Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Maroon/600
Tucker #1012 is on public display at the La Porte County Historical Society Museum as part of the Kesling Auto Collection.
1013 Huntingdon, Pennsylvania Intact Swigart Antique Auto Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Waltz Blue/200
1014 Rutherford, California Intact Privately owned by Francis Ford Coppola Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Waltz Blue/200
Tucker #1014 is on display at Inglenook Winery in Rutherford, California, located in Napa Valley.
1015 St. Clair Shores, Michigan Intact Stahls Collection Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Sandwich Green/300
1016 Dearborn, Michigan Intact The Henry Ford Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Black/100
1017 Manhattan, Kansas Intact Midwest Dream Car Collection Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Green/300
1018 Grand Rapids, Michigan Destroyed Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Beige/400
Tucker #1018 was damaged beyond repair in 1953 after broadsiding a tree in South Wales, New York. The remnants of the frame are located in Grand Rapids, Michigan. Some body panels are in Roscoe, Illinois with the owner of Tucker #1027. The engine and Y-1 transmission from #1018 are located at the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania.[30][31] The front end sheet metal from #1018 was used to complete Tucker #1052 in 2015.[32]
1019 California Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Grey/500
Tucker #1019 was painted light blue by its owner in 1959, shortly after purchasing the car. It was repainted again a few years later in a metallic blue shade approximating Waltz Blue; this color remains on the car to this day.
1020 Japan Intact Hani Corporation Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Maroon/600
1021 Arizona Intact Martin Auto Museum and Event Center Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Black/100
1022 Hershey, Pennsylvania Intact AACA Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Grey(Silver)/500
Tucker #1022 was previously owned by David Cammack as part of the Tucker Collection in Alexandria, Virginia. Upon Cammack's death in 2013 his entire extensive Tucker collection was donated to the AACA museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
1023 DeLand, Florida Destroyed Privately owned Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Maroon/600
Tucker #1023 was destroyed by fire in 1978 while in storage in a DeLand, Florida warehouse, awaiting restoration. The warehouse burned to the ground. The car's remains were crushed in 1980 by its owner, a founder of the Tucker Automobile Club of America.
1024 Lincoln, Nebraska Intact Museum of American Speed Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Sandwich Waltz Blue/200
1025 Frankfort, Indiana Intact Goodwin Collection Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Sandwich Green/300
Tucker #1025 was the last Tucker produced with Rubber Sandwich front suspension, which was abandoned due to severe stiffness issues and replaced with Rubber Torsion Tube 2 from Tucker #1026 on.
1026 Hershey, Pennsylvania Intact AACA Museum Franklin O-335 Tuckermatic R-1-2 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/600
Tucker #1026 is the only remaining complete Tucker with the Tuckermatic transmission. Car #1026 was previously owned by David Cammack as part of the Tucker Collection in Alexandria, VA. Upon Cammack's death in 2013 his entire extensive Tucker collection was donated to the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania.[3]
1027 Unknown Destroyed Unknown Franklin O-335 Unknown Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Waltz Blue/200
Tucker #1027 was rolled during testing at Indianapolis Motor Speedway by Tucker in 1948. The engine and transmission were removed at the factory, and the chassis was sold at the factory auction. The ACAA Museum used to own some body panels to wrecked Tucker #1018, other parts were either lost or used in restoration of other Tuckers. The car was sold by the owner of Historic Auto Attractions; its current location is unknown.[33]
1028 Arundel, Maine Intact Maine Classic Car Museum Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Beige/400
Tucker #1028 was sold in an auction at the Tupelo, (Mississippi) Automobile Museum on April 27, 2019 for $1.985 million[34] to Tim Stentiford, owner of Maine Classic Car Museum. Tucker #1028 is the only Tucker on public display in New England.[35]
1029 Aliso Viejo, California Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Grey(Silver)/500
Tucker #1029 was Preston Tucker's personal car that he drove for seven years until he sold it in 1955 to Winthrop Rockefeller. Until October 2017 it was located in the Lew Webb's Classic Car Museum in Aliso Viejo, California. In 2018, Tucker #1029 was auctioned by RM Sotheby's in Arizona for $1.8 million.[36][37][38][39]
1030 Los Angeles, California Intact Petersen Automotive Museum Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Black/100
Tucker #1030 is one of the vehicles used for testing at Indianapolis and a personal car of Preston Tucker. Acquired by the Petersen Museum in 1996.
1031 Los Angeles, California Intact Breslow Collection Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Waltz Blue/200
1032 Reno, Nevada Intact National Automobile Museum Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Grey(Silver)/500
1033 South Paris, Maine Intact Bahre Collection Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/600
Purportedly one of the most original Tuckers in existence, Tucker #1033 is kept in a private collection that is opened once per year in July to raise money for the town of South Paris and to benefit the Hannibal Hamlin Estate where it resides.[40]
1034 Tucker, Georgia Intact Cofer Collection Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Waltz Blue/200
1035 Caçapava, Brazil Modified Museu Paulista de Antiguidades Mecânicas 346 Flathead V8. Car now has a Cadillac drivetrain, original engine was used in a racing boat Unknown Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/600
Tucker #1035 was exported to Brazil in 1949, where it was eventually kept in a private collection along with 50 other cars. In 1955 its owner swapped the original Tucker chassis and drivetrain for one originally belonging to a 1947 Cadillac Series 62, with the original Tucker engine being swapped into a racing boat around that time. In order to accommodate these changes, several modifications were made to the exterior of the car including a few additional trim pieces above the front bumper, not present on the original model. At some point the car was painted light blue, but it was converted back to its original color some time later. The car was sold to a museum in 1963, but its owner was unaware of the car's rarity and used it as a donor to other Cadillac models in its collection. The car then spent over 50 years in storage until it was purchased by another museum, where it is currently on display in Caçapava.[41] On August 27, 2022, the city of Caçapava inaugurated a monument to celebrate its title of Brazil's capital of antique car collections. The monument consists of a 1:1 fiberglass replica of Tucker nº 1035 in its factory spec and color.[42]
1036 Nevada Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/600
Tucker #1036 was sold at RM Sotheby's Auction in Monterey on August 15, 2014 for $1,567,500.[43]
1037 Geyserville, California Intact Privately owned by Francis Ford Coppola Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/200
On public display in the wine tasting room at the Francis Ford Coppola Winery in Geyserville, California.
1038 Unknown Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Green/300
Tucker #1038 was owned by Bernard Glieberman. It was on display in Shreveport, Louisiana, while Glieberman owned the Shreveport Pirates. In 1995, creditors moved to seize the car due to Glieberman's financial problems, and Glieberman's lawyer attempted to steal the car and hide it from authorities, only to run out of gas. Glieberman was eventually allowed to keep the car.[44] The car was sold at auction in August 2006 for $577,500 ($525,000 plus fees) and sold again in August 2008 for $1,017,500 ($925,000 plus fees).
1039 Washington, DC Intact Smithsonian Institution Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Grey(Silver)/500
After years in Smithsonian storage, Tucker #1039 was placed on public display in the National Museum of American History in 2011. Tucker #1039 was acquired by the Smithsonian through the U.S. Marshals Service which had previously seized the car in a 1992 narcotics arrest. Instead of selling the car, the U.S. Marshals Service decided to donate the car to the Smithsonian. Currently on display as of May, 2022.[45][needs update]
1040 Sylmar, California Intact Nethercutt Collection Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Beige/400
Tucker #1040 was owned by the Nethercutt Collection. It was auctioned by Sotheby's on January 18, 2019, going for $1.6 million.
1041 California Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Black/100
Tucker #1041 was sold at the Clars Auction on June 7, 2009 for $750,000 ($765,000 with fees).
1042 Memphis, Tennessee Destroyed Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tuckermatic R-1-2 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/600
Tucker #1042 was sold at the Tucker auction without an engine. Rumors exist that it was used in a "Bash a Tucker" fundraiser in the 1950s or may have been hauled off from its storage location by a disgruntled renter. Its location was unknown until 1960 when it was reportedly found abandoned and destroyed along the banks of the Mississippi River in Memphis. A Memphis policeman took possession of the remains, but they were later stolen from his property. Most of the Tuckermatic transmission was found and is currently located at the AACA Museum in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
1043 Scottsdale, Arizona Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Unknown Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Waltz Blue/200
Tucker #1043 was sold at the Barrett-Jackson Auction in Scottsdale, Arizona on January 21, 2012 for $2,915,000, presumably the highest sale of a Tucker 48 sedan to date.[46]
1044 Roslyn, New York Intact Privately owned by Howard Kroplick Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Green/300
Tucker #1044 was sold at RM Sotheby's Auction in Arizona on January 19, 2017 for $1,347,500 to Howard Kroplick.[47] The car, which had been painted a Root Beer Brown, was restored to its original color in 2018.[48]
1045 Melbourne, Australia Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Grey(Silver)/500
Tucker #1045 was sold at RM Auctions Sports & Classics of Monterey on August 13, 2010 for $1,127,500.[49]
1046 California Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 (original) / Oldsmobile Rocket 88 / Mercury 390CID Cord Rubber Torsion Tube 2 (original)/Removed for front engine conversion Maroon/600
Tucker #1046 was converted to a front-engine Oldsmobile drivetrain in the 1950s by Nick Jenin for his daughter. In 1963 it was sold to a Mercury dealer in Oregon and converted to a 1964 Mercury Monterey chassis with 390 CID front engine. Sold on eBay for $202,700 (8/20/07) and reportedly returned to original specifications, including a correct Tucker engine. In 2017 it was offered for sale for $2.1 million.
1047 Hickory Corners, Michigan Intact Gilmore Car Museum Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Waltz Blue/200
1048 Hartford, Wisconsin Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Borg-Warner 3-speed automatic (original)

None (last known)

Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Green/300
Originally with a Borg-Warner 3 speed automatic, Tucker #1048 was sold at the factory auction without a transmission installed. A Tucker Y-1 may have been installed when the car was completed privately.[citation needed]
1049 California Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Waltz Blue/200
Tucker #1049 was sold at RM Sotheby's Auction in Monaco on May 14, 2016 for €1,344,000 (approximately $1,519,850 USD).[50][51]
1050 San Marcos, Texas Intact Dick's Classic Garage Franklin O-335 Cord 810/812 Rubber Torsion Tube 2 Maroon/600
Tucker #1050 is the lowest mileage Tucker in existence, with 0.4 miles on the odometer.
Incomplete Tucker 48s #1051-1058 Completed after leaving the factory or parted out
Chassis Number Location Status Owner Engine Transmission Front Suspension Version Original Body Color/Paint Code
1051 Butler, New Jersey Intact Privately owned Franklin O-335 Unknown Unknown Dark red
Tucker #1051 was not completed at the Tucker factory, so it is not technically considered one of the original 51 cars. #1051 was purchased at the factory auction in an incomplete state, and was finished in the late 1980s using leftover Tucker parts and fiberglass replica doors. The chassis used to complete #1051 is actually from Tucker #1054.[32]
1052 Aurora, Indiana Intact Privately owned by John Schuler Franklin O-335 Tucker Y-1 Unknown Dark red
Tucker #1052 was not completed at the Tucker factory, so it is also not technically considered one of the original 51 cars. Tucker #1052 was a test chassis used at the factory for testing automatic transmission designs. The car consisted of only the chassis, driveline, suspension, dashboard, and seats. The car was completed in 2015 by Tucker enthusiast John Schuler using parts he collected over many years, along with front sheetmetal sourced from Tucker #1018. Reproduction floor pans, roof and rear doors were used.[32]
1053 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
1054 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
The chassis of Tucker #1054 was used to complete Tucker #1051.[32]
1055 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
1056 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown
1057 Rowlett, Texas Intact Privately owned by Accelerate Auto Group Franklin O-335 Cord 610/812 Unknown Waltz Blue/200
Tucker #1057 was the prototype being worked on by Tucker designer Alex Tremulis for the 1949 model year and may be the only 1949 model still in existence. #1057 was one of eight incomplete body shells (believed to be #1051–1058) left on the assembly line at the time the Tucker plant was closed. Photos from the factory show #1057 was being built with a "wrap around rear window" as one of the 1949 year design changes. #1057 was eventually converted into a convertible, completed in 2010, and, as of 2021, is up for auction in Rowlett, Texas for a starting bid of $2,595,000.[52][53]
1058 Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown Unknown

Replica vehicles[edit]

In 1997, Rob Ida Automotive started work on a replica of the Tucker 48, which culminated in the release and marketing of the 2001 Ida Automotive New Tucker 48. This replica faithfully recreates the Tucker's external bodywork, but is built on a hotrod chassis with resin-infused plastic body panels. The paint and wheels reflect modern hotrod styling, and the interior is fully modernized. It is powered by a mid-mounted Cadillac Northstar V8. Its claimed performance is 0–60 in 7 seconds, with a top speed in excess of 120 mph (190 km/h). Ida has built three Tucker replicas.[54]

NASCAR[edit]

Tucker #1004 was briefly raced in the NASCAR Grand National series in the early 1950s.[55]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c d e "The 1948 Tucker: Specifications". The Showroom of Automotive History. The Henry Ford. Archived from the original on February 5, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  2. ^ Lehto, Steve; Leno, Jay (July 1, 2016). Preston Tucker and His Battle to Build the Car of Tomorrow. Chicago Review Press. ISBN 978-1-61374-956-2.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "LeMay Family Collection Foundation | Marymount Event Center". www.lemaymarymount.org. Archived from the original on February 3, 2011.
  4. ^ "Francis Ford Coppola Winery - Page Not Found". www.francisfordcoppolawinery.com. Archived from the original on November 26, 2013. {{cite web}}: Cite uses generic title (help)
  5. ^ "Tucker History: Fact Sheet". Tucker Automobile Club of America. Archived from the original on June 8, 2011. Retrieved June 1, 2011.
  6. ^ Lawson SEC Trial Testimony, National Archives, Chicago
  7. ^ "Car of the Future". San Antonio Light. February 11, 1946. p. 5.
  8. ^ "Torpedo Car Will Be Made in Chicago". Traverse City Record-Eagle. United Press International. February 11, 1946. p. 2.
  9. ^ a b Tremulis SEC Trial Testimony, National Archives, Chicago
  10. ^ a b c Egan, Philip S. (1989). Design and Destiny: The Making of the Tucker Automobile (1st ed.). Orange, CA: On the Mark. ISBN 978-0-924321-00-9.[page needed]
  11. ^ "Tucker Acquitted of Fraud; Wants to Build Autos". Jacksonville Daily Journal. January 24, 1950. p. 1.
  12. ^ Tucker Topics," Tucker Corporation, 1948
  13. ^ "Fantastic Tucker Story". Waukesha Daily Freeman. June 29, 1949. p. 8.
  14. ^ U.S. Design Patent no. 154,192, P.T. Tucker, Design for an Automobile, June 14, 1949
  15. ^ a b c d Flory, J. "Kelly" Jr. (2008). American Cars, 1946–1959: Every Model, Year by Year. Jefferson, NC: McFarland. pp. 855, 1013–1015. ISBN 978-0-7864-3229-5.
  16. ^ "Directory Index: Tucker/album/album". Oldcarbrochures.com. Retrieved May 27, 2012.
  17. ^ Duchene, Paul (February 1, 2011). "11 things you didn't know about the Tucker '48". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  18. ^ Van Riper, A. Bowdoin (2011). A Biographical Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors in American Film and TV since 1930. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press. pp. 235–237. ISBN 978-0-8108-8128-0.
  19. ^ a b c d e f Wipff, John (1978). The Compleat History of Corvair, Vol 1, Chapter 2 Tucker and Corvair - Two of a kind?. Shelburne Falls, MA: Clark's Corvair, Inc. pp. 12–14.
  20. ^ a b Duchene, Paul (February 1, 2011). "Preston Tucker: The Man behind the Car". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  21. ^ Mitten, Ray (January 24, 1948). "Tucker Fights Republic for Steel Plant". The Pittsburgh Press. p. 18. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  22. ^ a b Burgess-Wise, David (1977). Ward, Ian (ed.). The World of Automobiles: An Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Motor Car (Reference ed.). Milwaukee: Purnell Reference. p. 2386. ISBN 978-0-8393-6009-4.
  23. ^ Auto editors of Consumer Guide (2002). Cars of the Fascinating '40s: A Decade of Challenges and Changes. Lincolnwood, IL: Publications International. pp. 264–265. ISBN 0-7853-6274-6.
  24. ^ a b Ash, Agnes (May 8, 1960). "The Car Arrived Before Its Time". The Miami News.
  25. ^ "Lot 246 1948 Tucker 48 4Dr Sedan". RM Auctions. Archived from the original on February 29, 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  26. ^ "Barrett-Jackson Lot 5008: 1948 Tucker Torpedo". Barrett-Jackson Auction Company. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  27. ^ "Academy Vintage Car Collection Showcased at SF Auto Show, Nov. 22–29 - Academy of Art University". www.academyart.edu.
  28. ^ "Gooding's Pebble Beach 2014 Auction". Gooding and Company. Retrieved December 1, 2014.
  29. ^ "Racing See Photo at the 2:20 time on the YouTube video EXACTLY titled: "Rapid Roy (The Stock Car Boy). Jim Croce. (1974)" The Car is Racing as #12, and may have ben run by "Dealer In Fine Used Cars" Chuck Beckman from Mt Oliver - Pittsburgh, Pa. Rarity". www.hemmings.com. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  30. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  31. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  32. ^ a b c d "The Last Tucker Assembled from Original Parts". Retrieved July 30, 2015.
  33. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on December 24, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2013.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  34. ^ "Bonhams: 1948 Tucker 48Chassis no. 1028Engine no. 335-35".
  35. ^ "Star of Tupelo Automobile Museum goes for $1.8M".
  36. ^ Archived at Ghostarchive and the Wayback Machine: "1948 Tucker Torpedo". YouTube.
  37. ^ "Buy Preston Tucker's Personal Tucker 48". December 26, 2017.
  38. ^ "Preston Tucker's Personal Car Is A True Piece Of Automotive History". Carscoops. December 16, 2017. Retrieved March 15, 2019.
  39. ^ "RM Sotheby's Auctions - 1948 Tucker 48, #1029".
  40. ^ "Annual Founder's Day & Classic Car Exhibit". www.hamlin.lib.me.us. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  41. ^ FlatOut Brasil, Uma manhã no museu: a história do Tucker 48 brasileiro (In portuguese) by Leonardo Contesini, November 8, 2018, Retrieved February 23, 2022.
  42. ^ Maxicar, Monumento Tucker Torpedo é inaugurado em Caçapava (In portuguese), August 30, 2022, Retrieved September 18, 2022
  43. ^ RM Sotheby's Auctions - 1948 Tucker 48, #1036, Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  44. ^ Tobas, Daniel. "The Great Tucker Caper (Or: Glieberman Schlepped Here!)". Archived from the original on February 8, 2001. Retrieved June 29, 2011.
  45. ^ "Tucker automobile". America on the Move Collection. National Museum of American History. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  46. ^ Barrett-Jackson, 1948 Tucker Torpedo, #1043, Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  47. ^ RM Sotheby's Auctions - 1948 Tucker 48, #1044 Archived March 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  48. ^ "Vanderbilt Cup Races - Blog - On the Road to Pebble: The First Video of the Newly Painted Tucker 1044". www.vanderbiltcupraces.com. Retrieved March 14, 2019.
  49. ^ RM Sotheby's Auctions - 1948 Tucker 48, #1045 Archived March 25, 2017, at the Wayback Machine, Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  50. ^ RM Sotheby's Auctions - 1948 Tucker 48, #1049, Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  51. ^ "Euro (EUR) To United States Dollar (USD) Exchange Rate on 14 May 2016". eur.fxexchangerate.com. FxexchangeRate.com. May 14, 2016. Retrieved March 24, 2017.
  52. ^ "The Only One: 1948 Tucker Torpedo Convertible". The best vintage and classic cars for sale online | Bring a Trailer. November 28, 2018. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  53. ^ "1948 Tucker Convertible 1 of 1 Prototype Only 10 ORIGINAL MILES! | Rowlett Texas 75088". Accelerate Auto Group. Retrieved January 25, 2021.
  54. ^ Matras, John (July 2001). "Ida Automotive New Tucker 48". Car and Driver. Retrieved February 10, 2012.
  55. ^ Schutta, Mike (March 1, 2012). "Racing Rarity". Hemmings Motor News. Retrieved August 18, 2013.)

External links[edit]

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