Soumaya Keynes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Soumaya Keynes
Born (1989-08-01) 1 August 1989 (age 34)
EducationTrinity College, Cambridge (BA, MPhil)
Occupation(s)Economist, journalist, podcast host
Parent
RelativesSkandar Keynes (brother)
FamilyKeynes family, Darwin–Wedgwood family
Websitesoumayakeynes.com

Soumaya Anne Keynes (born 1 August 1989)[1] is a British journalist, economist, and current economics columnist at the Financial Times.[2]

As her work with FT, she is set to host a new podcast starting in 2024 on economic matters.[3]

Before joining the Financial Times, she worked for eight years as the Britain economics editor at The Economist magazine. She co-hosted The Economist's Money Talks podcast, and co-founded and co-hosted Trade Talks, a podcast covering economic trade, from 2017-2021.[4][5] Her work at The Economist was focused on the US economy and the trade policies of Donald Trump's presidency.[6] Her career in economic research began as a policy adviser for Her Majesty's Treasury in London, looking at banking and credit.[7][8] Afterward, she worked at the Institute for Fiscal Studies, focusing on pensions and public finances.[6][7][9]

Soumaya Keynes at the WTO Public Forum 2019 Day
Soumaya at the WTO Public Forum 2019 Day 1

Early life and family[edit]

Soumaya Keynes was born in Britain on 1 August 1989, to Zelfa Hourani and conservationist Randal Keynes.[10][11] Her younger brother, Skandar Keynes (born September 5, 1991), is a political adviser and former actor.[10] Soumaya Keynes also worked as a child actress.[11]

On her maternal side, her grandfather was Lebanese author Cecil Hourani, an advisor to the late Tunisian president Habib Bourguiba. The Hourani family were immigrants to Manchester from Marjeyoun in southern Lebanon. Cecil's two brothers were Albert Hourani, a historian of the Middle East, and George Hourani, philosopher, historian, and classicist.[citation needed]. Keynes also has Persian and Turkish ancestry on this side of her family.[12] Her maternal grandmother, Furugh Afnan, was the great-granddaughter of Bahá'u'lláh, founder of the Baháʼí Faith, making Keynes a great-great-great-granddaughter of Baha'u'llah.[citation needed] On her paternal side, she is the great-great-niece of John Maynard Keynes, a British economist who had a large impact on macroeconomic theory and policy. Keynes herself says it is partially because of this relationship that she initially avoided macro-economics in her studies, focusing instead on microeconomics.[11]

Education[edit]

Keynes attended Trinity College, Cambridge for both her undergraduate and master's degrees.[13] She completed a Bachelor of Arts in Economics in 2010 (1st Class) and a MPhil Economics in 2011.[13] She completed her MPhil with distinction.[13] It was during her time at the University of Cambridge that she learned of, and decided to join, the Institute for Fiscal Studies.[11]

Career[edit]

Institute for Fiscal Studies[edit]

Keynes joined the Institute for Fiscal Studies in 2012.[13] During her work at the institute for Fiscal Studies she frequently published research with Carl Emmerson, Rowena Crawford, and Gemma Tetlow.[14] Her work with the Institute covered economic reforms to the UK's state pension,[15][16] the UK Government's fiscal policies,[17][18] economic analyses of health variations in the UK and US,[19] and a variety of other topics.[20][21] Throughout her research papers she aimed to tell a story, moving from previous literature into how her work will either change what was previously thought, or expand upon what was previously thought.[22] Her final report with the Institute for Fiscal Studies was published on May 22, 2015.[23]

The Economist[edit]

Keynes joined The Economist in June 2015 after receiving an email from the magazine's economics editor asking her to apply for the position.[11][24] She began by writing the Free Exchange column, which provides a literature review of recent papers in economics.[11] Her first article with the column, Public Debt - How Much is Too Much, was published June 3, 2015.[24] She was promoted to US economics and trade editor in June 2018,[4] and in 2019 became the trade and globalization editor at The Economist.[11]

Keynes has worked on multiple projects during her time with The Economist. Her early work had a wide scope and covered a variety of topics, such as the Big Mac Index.[11] Her latest work has mostly focused on the United States Trade War under the Trump Administration.[25][26] Recently she has covered the impacts of trade disputes such as the need for firms to reduce investments,[27][28] its effect on consumers,[25] the risks to the World Trade Organization,[29] and the changes to America's relationship with countries around the world.[30][31]

Keynes has been on The Economist radio podcast Money Talks multiple times.[32] Much of her work on the podcast is in the same areas as her writing, focused on trade and the Donald Trump presidency.[33] She has also done episodes in a similar vein to her previous work with the Institute for Fiscal Studies, examining the impact of economic research on public policy.[34]

During her work with The Economist she has expressed multiple personal opinions on the material she covers. She has repeatedly stated that she feels Trump is damaging the economy through acting in an unpredictable manner.[35] Keynes supports a rules based system for international trade, through bodies like the World Trade Organization, to resolve any discrepancies and disputes between countries.[36]

Keynes' work, during her time with The Economist, is not restricted to solely their events and publications. She has written for a variety of newspapers and magazines, such as Prospect magazine.[37] She has hosted and chaired events, such as the 2019 World Trade Symposium in New York,[38] and participated as a panel member for a variety of panels.[39] She is a Poynter fellow at Yale University, where she has talked on Trump's trade policy.[5][6] Additionally, she's given multiple interviews both about her work and her transition from research to journalism.[22][27][40]

Trade Talks Podcast[edit]

Keynes co-hosts the podcast Trade Talks with Chad Bown, an economist at The Peterson Institute for International Economics.[41][42] The podcast began in 2017 and covers the intricacies of international trade policy from the perspective of two economists.[41][43] They have covered topics such as the Trump Administration's legal battles with the World Trade Organization,[44] the North American Free Trade Agreement,[45] and the impact of tariffs on washing machines.[46][42]

The podcast frequently features notable guests from the World Bank, World Trade Organization, and various universities, newspapers, and research bodies.[47][48] Examples include Caroline Freund of the World Bank and Peter Van den Bossche of the World Trade Institute at the University of Bern.[49][50]

Select scholarship and works[edit]

Single-Tier Pension: What Does it Really Mean?[edit]

Working alongside Rowena Crawford and Gemma Tetlow, Keynes investigated the impact of the newest reforms to the UK pension system in 2013.[51][15] The big change was a shift from the multi-tier pension system to the single-tier pension system, creating a simpler flat-rate.[52] The pension would pay only one amount, £144, per week, meaning that high income earners, who contribute more, will get the same pension as low income earners.[53] The paper analyzes both the short and long-run impacts of this change as well as the winners and losers of the change.[54]

By comparing people's income under the previous system to their income under the new system the paper finds that in the short run there will be some winners.[53] Women who will reach pension age in the first four years of the new system being implemented will receive greater benefit.[53] This benefit is furthered for those who took time out of the workforce to care for children or disabled adults.[53] The biggest winners of the new pension system would be those who spent an extended amount of time away from the workforce, those who did low paying work, and those who have been self employed for an extended period.[55] Low income earners in the bottom quintile would see an average rise in weekly pension income of £3.97.[53]

While there are short-term winners the changes ultimately lead those who are soon reaching retirement age to have mixed results, with 35% of men receiving gains and 61% of women.[56] These findings differ dramatically from the numbers published by the Department for Work and Pensions in 2015, which state that 70% of men and 75% of women will benefit from the single-tier pension.[56] The paper finds, significantly, that only 17% of those closest to retirement will actually receive a pension that is the single tier entitlement.[53] Some 23% of earners will receive pensions worth more than the single tier amount while 61% will receive pensions that are less than the single-tier amount.[55] Keynes stated that despite the system not being entirely a single payout it would allow for greater ease in predicting future pension payments.[55]

The report finds that in the long run there are significantly more losers than winners.[51] Firstly, those who have previously claimed the second state pension will receive less.[57] The largest losers, however, are young people and high income earners. A high-income earner who is going to work for 35 years will lose up to £2,300 in pension money under the new system compared to what they would have received under the old system.[52] A low-income earner who plans to work for a further 35 years will experience losses of £1,000.[52]

The report finds that the system, while incurring loses for future pensioners in the United Kingdom, does have reason to cut back. The aging population will lead to increased spending on pensions over the next 50 years, public pension expenses as a percentage of national income would rise from 5.4% in 2012 to 9.1% in 2062 if the current two-tiered system is maintained.[51] Switching to the one-tier system reduces the long-run spending to 8.4% of national income in 2062.[51]

Post-election Austerity: Parties' Plans Compared[edit]

Much of Keynes' work at the Institute for Fiscal Studies revolved around current political affairs. She published research alongside fellow Institute for Fiscal Studies researchers Rowena Crawford, Carl Emmerson, and Gemma Tetlow in the lead up to the 2015 United Kingdom General Election.[58] The research examined the fiscal spending and borrowing plans of each of the United Kingdom's major political parties.[59] They projected, for the course of the next government's term, what net borrowing and net spending of public funds would be. Overall the researchers faced difficulties in trying to determine the true intentions of the parties, as not all were forthcoming with their full spending and borrowing plans.[59] Ultimately the researchers had to estimate multiple pieces of parties' plans in order to determine the real numbers that would be used by the next government.[59]

David Cameron's conservative party had not stated what level of public borrowing they were aiming to achieve, but they had outlined specific plans for public spending.[60] The researchers were able to determine that if a Conservative government was elected the public spending would fall by 5.2% of national income between 2014 and 2019.[60] A surplus of 0.2% of national income would arise in the final year, 2019.[58] They, also, determined that the conservative plan would result in slightly less than a £4 billion tax cut in the UK, when they factor in anti-avoidance measures a net tax increase of £1 billion would occur.[58] Furthermore, they found the Conservatives would rapidly raise the retirement age after getting elected.[61]

Ed Miliband's Labour Party had, like the conservative party, released limited information on how much public borrowing they intended to carry out as government.[59] This meant the researchers were forced to make a few key assumptions. They assumed labour would maintain the current government spending plan in place until 2016, and then they would freeze the government's unprotected departments and balance the budget by 2019.[59][60] Based on Labour's plan and these assumptions they determined a Labour government would have borrowing fall by 3.6% from 2015 to 2019, ultimately reaching 1.4% of national income in 2019.[58] They determined debt would rise in 2016–2017 and labour would have a £6 billion tax rise, that increases to £12 billion when anti-avoidance measures are factored in.[58]

Their research also covered the policies of the Scottish National Party (SNP) and Liberal-Democrats. They found the Liberal-Democrats to be the most transparent party and determined their plan would lead to net borrowing dropping by 3.9% of national income until 2018, at which point it would reach 1.1% of national income.[59][58] When factoring in anti-avoidance measures they would have a £12 billion tax rise. The SNP would have borrowing drop by 3.9% until 2020, ultimately reaching 1.4% of national income that year.[58] The SNP's plan would be revenue neutral on its taxation, and has factored in anti-avoidance measures.[58]

When the conservative party won the 2015 general election this research proved valuable for others who sought to examine the impacts of their plans over the course of the coming years. Allowed for research after the election to focus on the personal allowance for income tax, the UK's retirement age, and the effect of reduced spending on public services.[62][61][60][63]

Women and Economics - Inefficient Equilibrium[edit]

Keynes has, throughout her years as an economist and especially throughout her time at The Economist, focused on women in economics, and why there are so few of them.[64][65] She has done multiple podcasts on the topic, including a three-part special for the BBC, she has given a TED Talk and a talk at Yale University about the issue, and, most notably, wrote a special in the 2017 Economist's Christmas Specials publication titled Women in Economics - Inefficient Equilibrium.[66][65][67][68][69] The piece focuses on the disparity between men and women in the field of research economics and why this matters for the profession.[70] The article was influential in encouraging other economists to examine the issue.[71][72]

Keynes highlights that only 20% of European, and 15% of American, senior economists are female.[68] This trend is unique to economics, most other disciplines in the social sciences are closer to gender parity.[68] The issue begins with less women going into economics at the undergraduate level, and women being more skeptical of economics when they do enter the field.[68] There are 2.9 men for every woman in undergraduate economics programs worldwide.[65][69] Furthermore, women are much more likely to drop out than their male counterparts along the path to a tenure track position.[65] A male student that earns a B in their first undergraduate class is much less likely to drop out than a female student.[68]

The issue continues when women are working to achieve tenure positions at universities. Women are promoted to tenure at a much lower rate than men, 29% compared to 56%.[68] This occurs for a variety of reasons. Women need to publish more papers than their male counterparts to have the same chance at tenure promotions.[65] Women are published less often than men, it's argued this is in part due to women going into fields of economics that would be less familiar to the editors of major papers (who are usually men) and therefore less likely to be published.[68][69] Furthermore, when women are published they face a higher bar than men. Co-authoring a paper leads to an 8% increase in a man's likelihood of promotion, whereas only a 2% increase for a woman.[65][69] This is partially because the names of authors on economics papers appear in alphabetical order, rather than in order of workload.[65] Another barrier to tenure for women in economics is student evaluations. Student evaluations have been shown to discriminate against women, leading to greater difficulty in achieving tenure.[68]

Keynes argues that this is an issue as men and women approach economics differently, so losing one half means that economics cannot operate as well as it should.[68] She highlights that women are more open to programs involving income redistribution than men, meaning that only having men as economists means there is not a representative sample.[65][68] She argues that the gap between male and female economists, which is currently growing, must shrink in order to solve this issue. Keynes states this won't be easy, economics has an image problem, seen as a mostly male field.[68] Furthermore, women won't feel they belong until more women are in economic faculty positions, but this can't happen until more women join economics; both must precede the other.[65][69]

After Keynes published her work in 2017, further research published in 2019 backed up what she had reported.[72]

Personal life[edit]

Keynes married in 2018,[11] and also used to sing as a soprano with the 18th Street Singers.[73] In January 2023 she announced on Twitter that she and husband Patrick Allies had welcomed their first child, a son Casper Allies.[74]

References[edit]

  1. ^ @soumayakeynes (31 July 2019). "it's my 30th birthday tomorrow which is fine because there will be no news" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  2. ^ "Soumaya Keynes | Financial Times". www.ft.com. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
  3. ^ She will also host a new weekly economics podcast that will launch in 2024.
  4. ^ a b "Soumaya Keynes". Economist. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  5. ^ a b "Trump's trade policy is topic of talk by Economist editor". YaleNews. 17 September 2019. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  6. ^ a b c Avenue, Tobin Lounge See map 28 Hillhouse (5 September 2019). "Poynter Fellowship: Soumaya Keynes". Office of Public Affairs & Communications. Retrieved 20 November 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. ^ a b "Soumaya Keynes". World Economic Forum. Retrieved 19 November 2019.
  8. ^ "Soumaya Keynes". Center for Automotive Research. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  9. ^ Keynes, Soumaya. "Soumaya Keynes". VoxEU.org. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  10. ^ a b Anderson, Jon Lee (24 July 2006). "Change of Plans". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i Beckworth, David (16 September 2019). "Soumaya Keynes on Trade, Dollar Dominance, and the Highlights of Jackson Hole". The Bridge (Podcast). Mercatus Center. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  12. ^ SKANDAR KEYNES – Personal Facts Archived 9 November 2015 at the Wayback Machine. Skandar-keynes.com, 2008-07-31, retrieved 2011-07-18
  13. ^ a b c d "The Institute For Fiscal Studies - IFS staff: Soumaya Keynes". 2 December 2013. Archived from the original on 2 December 2013. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  14. ^ "The Institute For Fiscal Studies - IFS staff: Soumaya Keynes Publications". 4 December 2013. Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  15. ^ a b Blundell, R.; French, E.; Tetlow, G. (1 January 2016), Piggott, John; Woodland, Alan (eds.), "Chapter 8 - Retirement Incentives and Labor Supply", Handbook of the Economics of Population Aging, 1, North-Holland: 457–566, doi:10.1016/bs.hespa.2016.10.001, ISBN 9780444634054
  16. ^ The state (of) pensions, retrieved 21 November 2019
  17. ^ Rhodes, R. A. W. (2017). Network Governance and the Differentiated Polity: Selected Essays. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-878610-8.
  18. ^ Options for the 2015 Spending Review, retrieved 26 November 2019
  19. ^ Nardi, Mariacristina De; French, Eric; Jones, John Bailey; McCauley, Jeremy (2016). "Medical Spending of the US Elderly". Fiscal Studies. 37 (3–4): 717–747. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2016.12106. ISSN 1475-5890. PMC 6680320. PMID 31404348.
  20. ^ "Establishment of Uganda's Parliamentary Budget Office and the Parliamentary Budget Committee". 15 September 2011. doi:10.14217/9781848591226-6-en. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  21. ^ Disney, Richard (1 August 2016). "Pension Reform in the United Kingdom: An Economic Perspective". National Institute Economic Review. 237 (1): R6–R14. doi:10.1177/002795011623700111. ISSN 0027-9501. S2CID 157397885.
  22. ^ a b Keynes, Soumaya. "From economist to journalist". VoxEU.org. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  23. ^ Keynes, Soumaya (22 May 2015). "IFS public finance bulletin: May 2015". www.ifs.org.uk. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  24. ^ a b "How much is too much?". The Economist. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  25. ^ a b Shapiro, Ari (7 May 2019). "U.S. Consumers Concerned About Trade War Impacts As Tensions With China Intensify". NPR. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  26. ^ "Reuters WeekAhead/Columbus Day". Reuters. 5 October 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  27. ^ a b Ms. Soumaya Keynes 08-16-19, retrieved 22 November 2019
  28. ^ "The trade war is leading some firms to crimp investment". Head Topics. 16 August 2019. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  29. ^ Pagani, Josie (2 September 2019). "On the Map podcast with Josie Pagani: Episode 1 - Trade or Tragedy?". The New Zealand Herald. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  30. ^ Rampell, Catherine (7 June 2018). "Trump is Waging a Trade War in the Dumbest Way Possible". Washington Post. Retrieved 21 November 2019.
  31. ^ NPR Planet Money, May 31, 2019 Friday. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5W7M-Y0V1-JBJH-30K0-00000-00&context=1516831 . Accessed November 22, 2019.
  32. ^ Southern, Lucinda (8 March 2017). "How The Economist is using Facebook for live audio". Digiday. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  33. ^ "Delayed tariffication—Donald Trump holds off". The Economist. 13 August 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  34. ^ "Hell to peso—Argentina's currency crisis". The Economist. 3 September 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  35. ^ Fuhrig, Frank (18 September 2019). "Soumaya Keynes Says Trump Trade Tweets Have Unleashed "Bigger Uncertainty" Beyond Tariffs". Mercatus Center. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  36. ^ "If Tariffs Not Solution, How to Increase U.S. Jobs?". WardsAuto. 1 August 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  37. ^ Dean, Alex. "Does Britain have a new government—or not?". Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  38. ^ MUFG. "U.S.-China Trade War Could Structurally Alter Supply Chains, MUFG's Chafetz Says". www.prnewswire.com (Press release). Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  39. ^ "The Brookings Institution's Hutchins Center on Fiscal and Monetary Policy holds a book discussion on "Open: The Progressive Case for Free Trade, Immigration and Global Capital."". The Washington Daybook, February 1, 2019. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5V8D-NT51-F082-C007-00000-00&context=1516831 . Accessed November 23, 2019.
  40. ^ The Economist's Soumaya Keynes on "Confusing" Economic Indicators, retrieved 26 November 2019
  41. ^ a b "Trade Talks". PIIE. 18 May 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  42. ^ a b "PBS NewsHour full episode June 4, 2018". PBS NewsHour. 4 June 2018. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  43. ^ Hornby, Lucy (14 August 2017). "China's love of US chicken feet proves a recipe for a perfect trade". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  44. ^ Beattie, Alan (25 September 2017). "EU trade sacrifices substance for speed". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  45. ^ Donnan, Shawn (3 October 2017). "Prepare for Nafta, the zombie edition". Financial Times. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  46. ^ Comment, F. P. (21 September 2018). "William Watson: How NAFTA could end up as paralyzed as a pipeline | Financial Post". Financial Post. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  47. ^ "Trade Talks 108: Making Services Trade Great". PIIE. 1 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  48. ^ "Trade Talks 107: Bombed Embassies and Document Leaks – How China Got into the WTO". PIIE. 24 October 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  49. ^ "Myth-busting: Why 3-D printing might actually be good for trade". World Bank Blogs. 18 November 2019. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  50. ^ "A different US-China fight hits the headlines". www.wti.org. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  51. ^ a b c d Crawford, Rowena; Keynes, Soumaya; Tetlow, Gemma (11 July 2013). "A single-tier pension: what does it really mean?". doi:10.1920/re.ifs.2013.0082. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
  52. ^ a b c O'Grady, Sarah. "Millions of young workers will lose up to £2,300 a year with new flat-rate pension". Express Online, July 11, 2013 Thursday. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:58W4-JTD1-DXDT-650R-00000-00&context=1516831 . Accessed November 23, 2019.
  53. ^ a b c d e f Paterson, Jennifer. "Most retirees will receive less than the single-tier pension". Employee Benefits, July 11, 2013 Thursday. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:58W4-4X21-JDJ4-M1SK-00000-00&context=1516831 . Accessed November 24, 2019.
  54. ^ Crawford, Rowena; Keynes, Soumaya; Tetlow, Gemma (14 January 2013). "Welcome simplification of state pensions but younger generations lose". www.ifs.org.uk. Retrieved 24 November 2019.
  55. ^ a b c Selby, Tom. "Who are the winners and losers in state pension shake-up?". Money Marketing, July 11, 2013. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:58W4-4X21-JDJ4-M1VD-00000-00&context=1516831 . Accessed November 24, 2019.
  56. ^ a b Foster, Liam (18 March 2017). "Active Ageing, Pensions and Retirement in the UK". Journal of Population Ageing. 11 (2): 117–132. doi:10.1007/s12062-017-9181-7. ISSN 1874-7884. PMC 5982453. PMID 29899811.
  57. ^ Lehndorff, Steffen, editor. (April 2014). Divisive integration : the triumph of failed ideas in Europe, revisited. ISBN 978-2-87452-332-8. OCLC 914462691. {{cite book}}: |last= has generic name (help)CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  58. ^ a b c d e f g h Crawford, Rowena, Carl Emmerson, Soumaya Keynes, and Gemma Tetlow. "Post-election austerity: Parties’ plans compared." Institute for Fiscal Studies Briefing Note 170 (2015).
  59. ^ a b c d e f Sandilands, Roger, and Fred Harrison. "Black Holes & Pots of Gold." SLRG Bulletin 2 (2015).
  60. ^ a b c d Innes, David; Tetlow, Gemma (2015). "Delivering Fiscal Squeeze by Cutting Local Government Spending". Fiscal Studies. 36 (3): 303–325. doi:10.1111/j.1475-5890.2015.12056. ISSN 1475-5890.
  61. ^ a b Goering, John; Whitehead, Christine M. E. (2 November 2017). "Fiscal Austerity and Rental Housing Policy in the United States and United Kingdom, 2010–2016" (PDF). Housing Policy Debate. 27 (6): 875–896. doi:10.1080/10511482.2017.1321568. ISSN 1051-1482. S2CID 157301915.
  62. ^ Harrop, Andrew (April 2018). For us all : redesigning social security, for the 2020s. Fabian Society (Great Britain). London. ISBN 978-0-7163-4128-4. OCLC 978433146.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  63. ^ Stafford, Ian (2016). "Devolution in Wales: Between Economic Constraint and Political Opportunity" (PDF). Revue internationale de politique comparée (in French). 23 (3): 401. doi:10.3917/ripc.233.0401. ISSN 1370-0731. S2CID 157286352.
  64. ^ NPR Planet Money, May 3, 2019 Friday. https://advance.lexis.com/api/document?collection=news&id=urn:contentItem:5W1R-PXX1-JBJH-32R0-00000-00&context=1516831 . Accessed November 23, 2019.
  65. ^ a b c d e f g h i Why Are There So Few Women In Economics? | Soumaya Keynes | TEDxCambridgeUniversity, retrieved 25 November 2019
  66. ^ "A #MeToo moment for economics". The Economist. 19 March 2019. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  67. ^ "Soumaya Keynes, Women in Economics | Poorvu Center for Teaching and Learning". poorvucenter.yale.edu. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  68. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "BBC Radio 4 - One to One, Soumaya Keynes meets Claudia Goldin". BBC. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  69. ^ a b c d e "Women and economics". The Economist. 19 December 2017. ISSN 0013-0613. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  70. ^ Jackson, Gavin (24 March 2019). "Positive surprises from UK data". Financial times. Retrieved 22 November 2019.
  71. ^ "Episode 910: Economics, Sexism, Data". NPR.org. Retrieved 23 November 2019.
  72. ^ a b Bryan, Kevin A. (20 February 2019). "Young "stars" in Economics: What They do and Where They Go". Economic Inquiry. 57 (3): 1392–1407. doi:10.1111/ecin.12762. ISSN 0095-2583. S2CID 159359766.
  73. ^ "People". 18th Street Singers. Retrieved 20 November 2019.
  74. ^ Allies, Patrick (24 January 2023). "Some parental news… late on Friday, Caspar Cecil Keynes-Allies arrived. He and his quite extraordinary mum are now safely at home. Looking forward to starting my embarrassing dad era". Twitter.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Soumaya_Keynes&oldid=1209722045"