Sarcodon

Sarcodon
	Sarcodon imbricatus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Fungi
Division:	Basidiomycota
Class:	Agaricomycetes
Order:	Thelephorales
Family:	Bankeraceae
Genus:	Sarcodon; Quél. ex P.Karst. (1881)
Type species
	Sarcodon imbricatus; (L.) P.Karst. (1881)
Species
	See text

Sarcodon is a genus of fungi in the family Bankeraceae, which is part of the order Thelephorales, known for its almost universal ectomycorrhizal ecology.^[1] The genus owes its name to the presence of teeth-like spines on the hymenophore, from ancient Greek; sarco = flesh and odon = tooth. For this reason they are commonly called "tooth fungi", or "Hydnoid fungi".

Description[edit]

Sarcodon species have yellow to brown tinted basidiospores,^[2] with lengths in the range of 7.4-9 µm.^[3] The basidiomata are often soft and fleshy.^[2]

Species[edit]

As of September 2015^[update], Index Fungorum listed 49 valid species of Sarcodon.^[4] However, in 2019 Larsson et al. transferred 12 species into the genus Hydnellum.^[3]

Human uses[edit]

Several species within the Sarcodon genus, including S. imbricatus (see figure), are edible. The fungus can be bitter, but that is less apparent in younger specimens. In China, it is a popular edible mushroom and it is used to reduce cholesterol, relax the muscles, and improve blood circulation.^[7] Isolates from the genus, called scabronines, may increase nerve growth factor synthesis in vitro.^[8]

References[edit]

^ Tedersoo, L.; May, TW.; Smith, ME. (2010). "Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages". Mycorrhiza. 20 (4): 217–263. doi:10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x. PMID 20191371. S2CID 3351967.
^ ^a ^b Geesteranus, Maas RA (1975). Die Terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas (The Terrestrial Hydnums of Europe). Vol. 1. North-Holland Publishing. pp. 1–127.
^ ^a ^b Larsson; Svantesson; Miscevic; Kõljalg; Larsson (2019). "Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota)". MycoKeys. 54: 31–47. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.54.35386. PMC 6579789. PMID 31231164.
^ Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 9 September 2015.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Grupe, Arthur C.; Baker, Anthony D.; Uehling, Jessie K.; Smith, Matthew E.; Baroni, Timothy J.; Lodge, D. Jean; Henkel, Terry W. (2015). "Sarcodon in the Neotropics I: new species from Guyana, Puerto Rico and Belize". Mycologia. 107 (3): 591–606. doi:10.3852/14-185. PMID 25661714. S2CID 25900469.
^ Pérez-De-Gregorio MA; Macau N; Carbó J. (2011). "Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, una nueva especie del género con Hifas Fibulíferas" [Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, a new species of the genus with hyphae with clamp connections] (PDF). Revista Catalana de Micologia (in Spanish). 33: 25–30.
^ Jang NS. "Method for manufacturing health beverage from 'Sarcodon aspratus'". Retrieved 29 March 2020.
^ Obara, Y.; Nakahata, N.; Kita, T.; Takaya, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Hosoi, S.; Kiuchi, F.; Ohta, T.; Oshima, Y.; Ohizumi, Y. (1 April 1999). "Stimulation of neurotrophic factor secretion from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells by novel diterpenoids, scabronines A and G". European Journal of Pharmacology. 370 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00077-1. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 10323283.

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[Tedersoo-1] Tedersoo, L.; May, TW.; Smith, ME. (2010). "Ectomycorrhizal lifestyle in fungi: global diversity, distribution, and evolution of phylogenetic lineages". Mycorrhiza. 20 (4): 217–263. doi:10.1007/s00572-009-0274-x. PMID 20191371. S2CID 3351967.

[Geesteranus-2] Geesteranus, Maas RA (1975). Die Terrestrischen Stachelpilze Europas (The Terrestrial Hydnums of Europe). Vol. 1. North-Holland Publishing. pp. 1–127.

[Larsson-3] Larsson; Svantesson; Miscevic; Kõljalg; Larsson (2019). "Reassessment of the generic limits for Hydnellum and Sarcodon (Thelephorales, Basidiomycota)". MycoKeys. 54: 31–47. doi:10.3897/mycokeys.54.35386. PMC 6579789. PMID 31231164.

[CoL-Fungorum-4] Kirk PM. "Species Fungorum (version 26th August 2015). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life". Retrieved 9 September 2015.

[Grupe_2015-5] Grupe, Arthur C.; Baker, Anthony D.; Uehling, Jessie K.; Smith, Matthew E.; Baroni, Timothy J.; Lodge, D. Jean; Henkel, Terry W. (2015). "Sarcodon in the Neotropics I: new species from Guyana, Puerto Rico and Belize". Mycologia. 107 (3): 591–606. doi:10.3852/14-185. PMID 25661714. S2CID 25900469.

[Pérez-De-Gregorio_2011-6] Pérez-De-Gregorio MA; Macau N; Carbó J. (2011). "Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, una nueva especie del género con Hifas Fibulíferas" [Sarcodon quercinofibulatum, a new species of the genus with hyphae with clamp connections] (PDF). Revista Catalana de Micologia (in Spanish). 33: 25–30.

[Jang-7] Jang NS. "Method for manufacturing health beverage from 'Sarcodon aspratus'". Retrieved 29 March 2020.

[8] Obara, Y.; Nakahata, N.; Kita, T.; Takaya, Y.; Kobayashi, H.; Hosoi, S.; Kiuchi, F.; Ohta, T.; Oshima, Y.; Ohizumi, Y. (1 April 1999). "Stimulation of neurotrophic factor secretion from 1321N1 human astrocytoma cells by novel diterpenoids, scabronines A and G". European Journal of Pharmacology. 370 (1): 79–84. doi:10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00077-1. ISSN 0014-2999. PMID 10323283.

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