Ricania speculum
| Ricania speculum | |
|---|---|
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| Ricania speculum on citrus. Dorsal view | |
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| Lateral view | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Hemiptera |
| Suborder: | Auchenorrhyncha |
| Infraorder: | Fulgoromorpha |
| Family: | Ricaniidae |
| Genus: | Ricania |
| Species: | R. speculum
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| Binomial name | |
| Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851)
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| Synonyms[1] | |
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Ricania speculum, common name Black planthopper or Ricaniid Planthopper, is a species of planthoppers belonging to the family Ricaniidae.[2]
This species is considered a major agricultural pest for several crops in tropical and subtropical areas (apples, coffee plants, oil palms, Citrus species, etc.).[3][4][5][6]
Distribution and habitat[edit]
This species is widespread in China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Korea, Philippines and Vietnam. Recently, it has been accidentally introduced in northern Italy, possibly with ornamental plants or crops.[7][8] This species can be found in the low-elevation mountains and prefers dark environments.[9]
Description[edit]
.JPG)
Ricania speculum can reach a length of about 8 millimetres (0.31 in), with a wingspan of about 15 millimetres (0.59 in). These planthoppers have dark brown wings with central wavy horizontal bands and irregular transparent patches of different sizes.[9][10] The precostal area of the forewings shows dense transverse veinlets and the costal margin is distinctly convex near the base.[4] In males the tip of the abdomen is pointed, while in females is rounded. The final instar nymphs are white with dark brown markings and waxy secretions on the abdomen.[11]
Biology[edit]
These insects feed on sap that they suck from the leaves of the host plants. Ricania speculum has a single generation per year. The eggs overwinter in the bark of the branches waiting for the spring hatching.
References[edit]
- ^ Catalogue of life
- ^ Encyclopedia of life
- ^ Biosecurity Australia (2008) Issues paper for the import risk analysis for fresh apple fruit from the People’s Republic of China Australian Government, Department of Agriculture
- ^ a b Cui-Ping Bu and Ai-Ping Liang First Record of the Genus Aprivesa Melichar (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha) from South India, with Description of One New Species
- ^ Dennis S. Hill Agricultural Insect Pests of the Tropics and Their Control
- ^ Dennis S. Hil Pests of Crops in Warmer Climates and Their Control
- ^ FLOW Website
- ^ Giuseppe Mazza, Fabrizio Pennacchio, Elisabetta Gargani, Italo Franceschini, Pio Federico Roversi e Fabio Cianferoni First report of Ricania speculum (Walker, 1851) in Europe (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Ricaniidae) Zootaxa, vol. 3861, nº 3, Magnolia Press
- ^ a b Ricania speculum at gaga.biodiv.tw
- ^ Project Noah
- ^ E. Rossi, A. Lucchi The Asian planthopper Ricania speculum (Walker) (Homoptera: Ricaniidae) on several crops in Italy
- Lin Jiang, Zhang Ya-Lin e Wang Ying-Lun A comparative study on the female reproductive system of four species of the Fulgoroidea (Hemiptera) Acta zootaxonomica Sinica, vol. 36, nº 3, Pechino, Beijing Kexin Printing Co., Ltd., 2011
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