Mickey's Mellerdrammer

Mickey's Mellerdrammer
Mickey's Mellerdrammer
Directed by	Wilfred Jackson
Written by	Wilfred Jackson; Walt Disney
Produced by	Walt Disney
Starring	Pinto Colvig; Walt Disney; Marcellite Garner; Billy Bletcher
Cinematography	Wilfred Jackson; Walt Disney
Edited by	Wilfred Jackson; Walt Disney
Music by	Oliver Wallace
Production; company	Walt Disney Productions
Distributed by	United Artists
Release date	March 18, 1933 (U.S.);
Running time	8 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English

Mickey's Mellerdrammer is a 1933 American animated short film produced by Walt Disney Productions and released by United Artists. The title is a corruption of "melodrama", thought to harken back to the earliest minstrel shows, as a film short based on Harriet Beecher Stowe's 1852 anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin and stars Mickey Mouse and his friends who stage their own production of the novel. It was the 54th Mickey Mouse short film, and the fourth of that year.^[2]

The cartoon shows Mickey Mouse and some of the other characters dressed in blackface with exaggerated lips; bushy, white sidewhiskers made out of cotton; and his usual white gloves.

Plot[edit]

In Mickey's Mellerdrammer, Mickey Mouse, Minnie Mouse, Goofy (known then as Dippy Dawg), Horace Horsecollar, and others present their own low budget light-hearted rendition of the 19th century Tom Shows for a crowd in a barn converted into a theater for the occasion.

Horace Horsecollar plays the white slave owner Simon Legree. Minnie plays the young white girl, Eva. Mickey plays old Uncle Tom with cotton around his ears and chin, and the young slave girl Topsy. Clarabelle Cow plays the slave woman Eliza. Goofy plays the production stage hand.

The cartoon opens with Mickey and Clarabelle Cow in their dressing rooms applying blackface makeup for their roles (Mickey originally used a small dynamite to black up his face). The cartoon is much more focused on the Disney characters' efforts to put on the play, than an animated version of Uncle Tom's Cabin. The cartoon contains many images of Mickey and the other characters using makeshift props as sight gags.

The cartoon closes with the characters coming out for a bow, and Horace Horsecollar's character is pelted with rotten tomatoes. When Goofy shows his face from behind the stage, he is hit with a chocolate pie, leaving him in what appears to be blackface, as Goofy laughs.

Racial stereotyping[edit]

Stereotyped characterizations of black people were then common. Mickey's Mellerdrammer was one of many films and cartoons of its era that referenced Uncle Tom's Cabin, and features Mickey in blackface.^[3] Henry Louis Gates Jr. wondered how the cartoon evaded censorship of miscegenation, given that Mickey and Minnie portray Tom and Eva, and are "as they say, an item, and unmistakably so". Additionally, Mickey is seen cross-dressing in the role of Topsy.^[4]

In the beginning of this short, Clarabelle Cow appears in her dressing room applying lantern soot to her face and leaving an exaggerated area around her lips white. Mickey Mouse then takes a more "comical" approach to applying the makeup: he puts a firecracker in his mouth and lights it, which explodes, causing the ashes to paint his face black while leaving a large area around his lips white.^[5]

Reception[edit]

Motion Picture Herald reviewed the cartoon on July 1, 1933: "This time Mickey, the inimitable, stages an "Uncle Tom meller", with assorted animated mishaps in the accepted, and approved, Mickey fashion, while the antics of the animated audience contribute not a few of the laughs. It is good cartoon material, and the youngsters, old and young, should enjoy it."^[6]

Voice cast[edit]

Mickey Mouse: Walt Disney
Minnie Mouse: Marcellite Garner
Horace Horsecollar: Billy Bletcher
Clarabelle Cow: Elvia Allman
Goofy: Pinto Colvig

Home media[edit]

The short was released on December 7, 2004 on Walt Disney Treasures: Mickey Mouse in Black and White, Volume Two: 1929-1935.^[7]

References[edit]

^ Kaufman, J.B.; Gerstein, David (2018). Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8365-5284-4.
^ Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. pp. 108–109. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved June 6, 2020.
^ Reynolds, David S. Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Battle for America, 243. W. W. Norton & Company
^ Reynolds, 244
^ VolterraChannel (August 17, 2010). "Mickey Mouse - Mickey's Mellerdrammer - 1933". Archived from the original on December 21, 2021 – via YouTube.
^ Sampson, Henry T. (1998). That's Enough, Folks: Black Images in Animated Cartoons, 1900-1960. Scarecrow Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0810832503.
^ "Mickey Mouse in Black & White Volume 2 DVD Review". DVD Dizzy. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

External links[edit]

Mickey's Mellerdrammer at IMDb

[ultimate-1] Kaufman, J.B.; Gerstein, David (2018). Walt Disney's Mickey Mouse: The Ultimate History. Cologne: Taschen. ISBN 978-3-8365-5284-4.

[2] Lenburg, Jeff (1999). The Encyclopedia of Animated Cartoons. Checkmark Books. pp. 108–109. ISBN 0-8160-3831-7. Retrieved June 6, 2020.

[3] Reynolds, David S. Mightier than the Sword: Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Battle for America, 243. W. W. Norton & Company

[4] Reynolds, 244

[5] VolterraChannel (August 17, 2010). "Mickey Mouse - Mickey's Mellerdrammer - 1933". Archived from the original on December 21, 2021 – via YouTube.

[Enough-6] Sampson, Henry T. (1998). That's Enough, Folks: Black Images in Animated Cartoons, 1900-1960. Scarecrow Press. pp. 137–138. ISBN 978-0810832503.

[7] "Mickey Mouse in Black & White Volume 2 DVD Review". DVD Dizzy. Retrieved February 19, 2021.

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v t e Harriet Beecher Stowe's Uncle Tom's Cabin
Characters	Uncle Tom
Film adaptations	Uncle Tom's Cabin (1903) Uncle Tom's Cabin (Thanhauser, 1910) Uncle Tom's Cabin (Vitagraph, 1910) Uncle Tom's Cabin (1914) Uncle Tom's Cabin (1918) Topsy and Eva (1927) Uncle Tom's Cabin (1927) Onkel Toms Hütte (1965) Uncle Tom's Cabin (1987)
Related works	A Key to Uncle Tom's Cabin Tom show
Animation	Hittin' the Trail for Hallelujah Land (1931) Mickey's Mellerdrammer (1933) Uncle Tom's Bungalow (1937) Uncle Tom's Cabaña (1947) Southern Fried Rabbit (1953)
Anti-Tom literature	Aunt Phillis's Cabin The Planter's Northern Bride Little Eva: The Flower of the South Uncle Tom's Cabin As It Is Uncle Robin's Cabin "Uncle Tom's Cabin" Contrasted with Buckingham Hall, the Planter's Home Ellen; or, The Fanatic's Daughter The Ebony Idol Frank Freeman's Barber Shop The North and the South; or, Slavery and Its Contrasts Mr. Frank, the Underground Mail-Agent The Cabin and Parlor; or, Slaves and Masters The Black Gauntlet White Acre vs. Black Acre Antifanaticism The Lofty and the Lowly The Leopard's Spots
Related	Josiah Henson 1849 autobiography Uncle Tom's Cabin Historic Site Dimples Goodbye Uncle Tom Tit for Tat Uncle Tom syndrome Underground Railroad The National Era Onkel Toms Hütte (Berlin U-Bahn) Harriet Beecher Stowe House (Brunswick, Maine)