HSP90AB1

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HSP90AB1
Available structures
PDBOrtholog search: PDBe RCSB
Identifiers
AliasesHSP90AB1, D6S182, HSP84, HSP90B, HSPC2, HSPCB, heat shock protein 90kDa alpha family class B member 1, heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1
External IDsOMIM: 140572 MGI: 96247 HomoloGene: 74306 GeneCards: HSP90AB1
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

3326

15516

Ensembl

ENSG00000096384

ENSMUSG00000023944

UniProt

P08238
Q6PK50

P11499

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_008302

RefSeq (protein)

NP_032328

Location (UCSC)Chr 6: 44.25 – 44.25 MbChr 17: 45.88 – 45.88 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Heat shock protein HSP 90-beta also called HSP90beta is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HSP90AB1 gene.[5][6][7]

Function[edit]

HSP90AB1 is a molecular chaperone. Chaperones are proteins that bind to other proteins, thereby stabilizing them[8][9][10][11][12][13][14] in an ATP-dependent manner.[15] Chaperones stabilize new proteins during translation, mature proteins which are partially unstable but also proteins that have become partially denatured due to various kinds of cellular stress. In case proper folding or refolding is impossible, HSPs mediate protein degradation. They also have specialized functions, such as intracellular transport into organelles.

Classification[edit]

Main article: Heat shock protein

Human HSPs are classified into 5 major groups according to the HGNC:[16][17]

Chaperonins are characterized by their barrel-shaped structure with binding sites for client proteins inside the barrels.

The human HSP90 group consists of 5 members according to the HGNC:[17][18]

  • HSP90AA1 (heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha, class A, member 1)
  • HSP90AA3P (heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 3, pseudogene)
  • HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein 90 kDa alpha, class B, member 1) (this protein)
  • HSP90B1 (heat shock protein 90 kDA beta, member 1)
  • TRAP1 (TNF receptor associated protein 1)

Whereas HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 are located primarily in the cytoplasm of the cells, HSP90B1 can be found in the endoplasmic reticulum and Trap1 in mitochondria.

Co-chaperones[edit]

Co-chaperones bind to HSPs and influence their activity, substrate (client) specificity and interaction with other HSPs.[14] For example, the co-chaperone CDC37 (cell division cycle 37) stabilizes the cell cycle regulatory proteins CDK4 (cyclin dependent kinase 4) and Cdk6.[19] Hop (HSP organizing protein) mediates the interaction between different HSPs, forming HSP70–HSP90 complexes.[20][21] TOM70 (translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane of ~70 kDa) mediates translocation of client proteins through the import pore into the mitochondrial matrix.[21][22]

Isoforms[edit]

Human HPS90AB1 shares 60% overall homology to its closest relative HSP90AA1.[23] Murine HSP90AB1 was cloned in 1987 based on homology of the corresponding Drosophila melanogaster gene.[24][25]

Protein structure[edit]

HSP90AB1 is active as homodimer, forming a V-shaped structure.[21][26][27][28][29][30] It consists of three major domains:

  • N-terminal domain (NTD) containing the ATP binding site
  • middle domain, primarily responsible for substrate binding
  • C-terminal domain (CTD) which is the dimerization domain (base of the V).

Between these domains, there are short charged domains. Co-chaperones primarily bind to the NTD and CTD. The latter Co-chaperones usually contain a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain which binds to a MEEVD motif at the C-terminus of the HSP.[21][31] Inhibition of HSP90 activity by geldanamycin derivatives is based on their binding to the ATP binding site.[15]

Client proteins[edit]

Client proteins are steroid hormone receptors, kinases, ubiquitin ligases, transcription factors and proteins from many more families.[14][32][33] Examples of HSP90AB1 client proteins are p38MAPK/MAPK14 (mitogen activated protein kinase 14),[34] ERK5 (extracellular regulated kinase 5),[35] or the checkpoint kinase Wee1.[36]

Clinical significance[edit]

Cystic fibrosis (CF, mucoviscidosis) is a genetic disease with increased viscosity of various secretions leading to organ failure of lung, pancreas and other organs. It is caused in nearly all cases by a deletion of phenylalanine 508 of CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator). This mutation causes a maturation defect of this ion channel protein with increased degradation, mediated by HSPs. Deletion of the co-chaperone AHA1 (activator of heat shock 90kDa protein ATPase homolog 1) leads to stabilization of CFTR and opens up a perspective for a new therapy.[37]

Cancer[edit]

HSP90AB1 and its co-chaperones are frequently overexpressed in cancer cells.[38] They are able to stabilize mutant proteins thereby allowing survival and increased proliferation of cancer cells. This renders HSPs potential targets for cancer treatment.[39][40][41] In salivary gland tumors, expression of HSP90AA1 and HSP90AB1 correlates with malignancy, proliferation and metastasis.[42] The same is basically true for lung cancers where a correlation with survival was found.[43]

Notes[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000096384 – Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000023944 – Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ Rebbe NF, Hickman WS, Ley TJ, Stafford DW, Hickman S (Sep 1989). "Nucleotide sequence and regulation of a human 90-kDa heat shock protein gene". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (25): 15006–11. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)63803-7. PMID 2768249.
  6. ^ Chen B, Piel WH, Gui L, Bruford E, Monteiro A (Dec 2005). "The HSP90 family of genes in the human genome: insights into their divergence and evolution". Genomics. 86 (6): 627–37. doi:10.1016/j.ygeno.2005.08.012. PMID 16269234.
  7. ^ "NCBI Gene: HSP90AB1 heat shock protein 90 alpha family class B member 1". Retrieved 2019-08-30.
  8. ^ Lindquist S (June 1986). "The heat-shock response". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 55 (1): 1151–1191. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.55.070186.005443. PMID 2427013. S2CID 42450279.
  9. ^ Gething MJ, Sambrook J (Jan 1992). "Protein folding in the cell". Nature. 355 (6355): 33–45. Bibcode:1992Natur.355...33G. doi:10.1038/355033a0. PMID 1731198. S2CID 4330003.
  10. ^ Craig EA, Gambill BD, Nelson RJ (Jun 1993). "Heat shock proteins: molecular chaperones of protein biogenesis". Microbiological Reviews. 57 (2): 402–14. doi:10.1128/MMBR.57.2.402-414.1993. PMC 372916. PMID 8336673.
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  23. ^ Rebbe NF, Ware J, Bertina RM, Modrich P, Stafford DW (1987). "Nucleotide sequence of a cDNA for a member of the human 90-kDa heat-shock protein family". Gene. 53 (2–3): 235–45. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90012-6. PMID 3301534.
  24. ^ Moore SK, Kozak C, Robinson EA, Ullrich SJ, Appella E (1987). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the murine hsp84 cDNA and chromosome assignment of related sequences". Gene. 56 (1): 29–40. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(87)90155-7. PMID 2445630.
  25. ^ Moore SK, Kozak C, Robinson EA, Ullrich SJ, Appella E (Apr 1989). "Murine 86- and 84-kDa heat shock proteins, cDNA sequences, chromosome assignments, and evolutionary origins". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 264 (10): 5343–51. doi:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)83551-7. PMID 2925609.
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Further reading[edit]

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