Geophilidae

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Geophilidae
Geophilus flavus, the Netherlands
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Chilopoda
Order:
Geophilomorpha
Suborder:
Adesmata
Superfamily:
Geophiloidea
Family:
Geophilidae

Leach, 1815 [1]
Synonyms[2]

Chilenophilidae
Sogonidae

Geophilus sp. mother and brood.

The Geophilidae are a polyphyletic, cosmopolitan family of soil centipedes in the superfamily Geophiloidea[3] containing the mostly defunct clades Aphilodontidae,[4] Dignathodontidae,[5] Linotaeniidae,[6] Chilenophilinae,[7] and Macronicophilidae.[8] These centipedes are found almost worldwide.[9]

Description[edit]

Species in this family are characterized by mandibles with a single pectinate lamella. Sternal pores are often present but with variable arrangements, coxal organs are usually present and open into pits or through distinct pores, and female gonopods are usually an undivided lamina.[9]

Compared to most other families in the suborder Adesmata, this family features a modest number of leg-bearing segments and limited variation in this number within each species.[10] Two European species in this family include centipedes with only 29 pairs of legs: Geophilus persephones (29 in the only specimen, a male), and G. richardi (29 or 31 in males and 33 in females).[11][12] In the order Geophilomorpha, only two species include centipedes with fewer leg pairs, both of them in the family Schendylidae.[11] Several other species in the family Geophilidae are known from specimens with notably few leg pairs in each sex, including Ribautia platensis (as few as 31 in each sex),[13] G. hadesi (33 in each sex),[14] Schendyloides alacer (as few as 33 in each sex),[15] and Strigamia sibirica (as few as 33 in each sex).[16]

Genera[edit]

This family contains these genera:[1]

References[edit]

  1. ^ a b "Geophilidae Leach, 1815". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved January 2, 2022.
  2. ^ "Geophilidae".
  3. ^ Bonato, Lucio (2014). "Phylogeny of Geophilomorpha (Chilopoda) inferred from new morphological and molecular evidence". Cladistics. 30 (5): 485–507. doi:10.1111/cla.12060. PMID 34794246. S2CID 86204188.
  4. ^ Calvanese, Victor C. (2019-11-15). "Revision of the Neotropical species of Aphilodontinae (Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae), with eight new species and a first phylogenetic analysis of the subfamily". Zootaxa. 4698 (1): zootaxa.4698.1.1. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4698.1.1. PMID 32229999. S2CID 209592191. Retrieved 21 December 2021.
  5. ^ "ITIS - Report: Dignathodontidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  6. ^ "ITIS - Report: Linotaeniidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  7. ^ Crabill, Ralph Edwin (1954). "A conspectus of the northeastern North American species of Geophilus (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha Geophilidae)". Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington. 56: 172–188. Retrieved 23 October 2021 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  8. ^ "ITIS - Report: Macronicophilidae". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 22 December 2021.
  9. ^ a b Minelli, Alessandro (2011-03-21). Treatise on Zoology - Anatomy, Taxonomy, Biology. The Myriapoda. Brill. pp. 414–424. ISBN 978-90-04-18826-6. Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  10. ^ Minelli, Alessandro; Bortoletto, Stefano (1988-04-01). "Myriapod metamerism and arthropod segmentation". Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 33 (4): 323–343. doi:10.1111/j.1095-8312.1988.tb00448.x. ISSN 0024-4066.
  11. ^ a b Pereira, Luis Alberto (2013-01-01). "Discovery of a second geophilomorph species (Myriapoda: Chilopoda) having twenty-seven leg-bearing segments, the lowest number recorded up to the present in the centipede order Geophilomorpha". Papéis Avulsos de Zoologia. 53 (13): 163–185. doi:10.1590/S0031-10492013001300001. hdl:11336/3449. ISSN 1807-0205.
  12. ^ Bonato, Lucio; Minelli, Alessandro; Drago, Leandro; Pereira, Luis Alberto (2015-09-25). "The phylogenetic position of Dinogeophilus and a new evolutionary framework for the smallest epimorphic centipedes (Chilopoda: Epimorpha)". Contributions to Zoology. 84 (3): 237–253. doi:10.1163/18759866-08403004. hdl:11577/3146565. ISSN 1875-9866.
  13. ^ Silvestri, Philippus (1898). "Nova Geophiloidea Argentina". Comunicaciones del Museo Nacional de Buenos Aires (in Latin). 1 (2): 39–40 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
  14. ^ Stoev, Pavel; Akkari, Nesrine; Komericki, Ana; Edgecombe, Gregory; Bonato, Lucio (2015). "At the end of the rope: Geophilus hadesi sp. n. – the world's deepest cave-dwelling centipede (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha, Geophilidae)". ZooKeys (510): 95–114. doi:10.3897/zookeys.510.9614. PMC 4523767. PMID 26257537.
  15. ^ Pereira, Luis Alberto; Minelli, Alessandro (1992). "A new record of Schendyloides alacer (Pocock, 1891) from the Falkland Islands and a redescription of the species (Chilopoda Geophilomorpha)". Bolletino della Società Entomologica Italiana. 124 (2): 83–90.
  16. ^ Bonato, Lucio; Danyi, Laszlo; Socci, Antonio Augusto; Minelli, Alessandro (2012-12-20). "Species diversity of Strigamia Gray, 1843 (Chilopoda: Linotaeniidae): a preliminary synthesis". Zootaxa. 3593 (1): 1–39 [8]. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.3593.1.1. ISSN 1175-5334.


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