Garuda Indonesia

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Garuda Indonesia
IATA ICAO Callsign
GA GIA INDONESIA
Founded1 August 1947; 76 years ago (1947-08-01) (as KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf)
Commenced operations
  • 26 January 1949; 75 years ago (1949-01-26) (as Indonesian Airways)
  • 28 December 1949; 74 years ago (1949-12-28) (as Garuda Indonesian Airways)
Hubs
Secondary hubsDenpasar
Makassar
Focus cities
Frequent-flyer programGarudaMiles
AllianceSkyTeam
Subsidiaries
Fleet size75
Destinations51 (incl. cargo)
Parent companyGovernment of Indonesia (60.54%)
PT Trans Airways (CT Corp) (28.27%)[1]
Traded asIDXGIAA
HeadquartersGaruda City Center Building Complex
M1 Street, Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia[2]
Key people
  • Timur Sukirno (President Commissioner)[3]
  • Irfan Setiaputra (President and CEO)
RevenueIncrease US$2.1 billion (2022)[4]: 22 
Operating incomeIncrease US$3.736 billion (2022)[4]: 23 
Net incomeIncrease US$3.935 billion (2022)[4]: 23 
Total assetsDecrease US$6.235 billion (2022)[4]: 19 
EmployeesDecrease 4,459 (2022)[4]: 141 
Website

Garuda Indonesia is the flag carrier of Indonesia, headquartered at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. A successor of KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf, it is a member of SkyTeam and the second-largest airline of Indonesia after Lion Air, operating scheduled flights to a number of destinations across Asia, Europe, and Australia from its hubs, focus cities, as well as other cities for Hajj. It is the only Indonesian airline that flies to European airspace.

At its peak from the late 1980s to the mid-1990s, Garuda operated an extensive network of flights all over the world, with regularly scheduled services to Adelaide, Cairo, Fukuoka, Johannesburg, Los Angeles, Paris, Rome, and other cities in Europe, Australia and Asia.[5] In the late 1990s and early 2000s, a series of financial and operational difficulties hit the airline hard, causing it to drastically cut back services. In 2009, the airline undertook a five-year modernization plan known as the Quantum Leap, which overhauled the airline's brand, livery, logo and uniforms, as well as acquiring a newer, more modern fleet and facilities and renewing focus on international markets. It earned Garuda awards such as Most Improved Airline, 5-Star Airline, and World's Best Cabin Crew by Skytrax.

Garuda also operated a budget subsidiary, Citilink, that provided low-cost flights to multiple Indonesian destinations and was spun-off in 2012.[6] In November 2018, the airline took over operations as well as financial management of Sriwijaya Air by a cooperation agreement (KSO);[7] the contract expired in December 2019.

History[edit]

Beginnings (1949–60s)[edit]

refer to caption
Douglas DC-3 Seulawah, the first Garuda Indonesia aircraft on display in Taman Mini Indonesia Indah, Jakarta. It is a contribution from the Acehnese people.

The earliest predecessor to Garuda Indonesia was KNILM, Royal Dutch Indies Airways, founded in 1928 during the Dutch colonial period; despite the similar name, it was not a subsidiary of the main Dutch carrier KLM.[8] KNILM was dissolved in 1947, and its assets were transferred to a new KLM subsidiary, KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf (KLM Interinsular Service), which was nationalized in December 1949.[8]

In its current institutional form, Garuda Indonesia had its beginnings in the Indonesian war of independence against the Dutch in the late 1940s, when Garuda flew special transports with a Douglas DC-3. The first aircraft was a DC-3 known as Seulawah (Acehnese: "Gold Mountain", or from Arabic Shalawah, means praise/worship) and was purchased for 120,000 Malayan dollars, which was provided by the people of Aceh (notably local merchants).[9] The first commercial flight from Calcutta to Rangoon was on 26 January 1949, using a DC-3 Dakota aircraft with the tail number RI 001 and the name Indonesian Airways. 26 January 1949 is generally recognized as the airline's founding date.[10]

A Garuda Indonesia Douglas DC-8 at Kai Tak Airport in 1967, showing an older livery
A Garuda Indonesia Douglas DC-8 at Kai Tak Airport in 1967

The name Garuda is taken from the Hindu tradition: it is the name of Lord Vishnu's mount (vahana) and was introduced in 1949. During the Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference at The Hague, from 23 August to 2 November 1949, Indonesian President Sukarno cited a Dutch poem by a renowned Javanese scholar and poet Raden Mas Noto Soeroto: "Ik ben Garuda, Vishnoe's vogel, die zijn vleugels uitslaat hoog boven uw eilanden", which means "I'm Garuda, Vishnu's Bird, that spreads its wings high above the Islands". The first flight under the name Garuda Indonesian Airways was made with a second DC-3 entering service in 1949. Its first flight under the new name carried Sukarno from Jakarta to Yogyakarta on 28 December.[11]

Throughout the revolution, Garuda supported national interests and often carried diplomats on its flights. The Burmese government helped the airline significantly during its beginnings. The country's national airline, Union of Burma Airways, often chartered one of the airline's DC-3s for its own flights. Accordingly, upon Garuda's formal joint incorporation with KLM on 31 March 1950, the airline gave the Burmese government a DC-3.

By the early and mid-1950s, the airline operated a fleet of 38 aircraft, including 22 DC-3s, 8 Catalina seaplanes, and 8 Convair 240s. In 1956, the airline operated its first flight to Mecca with Convair aircraft, carrying 40 Indonesian pilgrims.[10]

Garuda's fleet continued to grow throughout the 1960s, during which the airline continued its expansion. It acquired three Lockheed L-188 Electras in 1961, which supplemented its Convair CV-240 fleet, before taking delivery of its first jet aircraft, the Convair 990 Coronado, in 1963, which allowed it to launch flights to Hong Kong.

In 1965, the airline took delivery of its first Douglas DC-8, and grew beyond the Asian market it was focused on, beginning scheduled flights from Kemayoran Airport to Amsterdam and Frankfurt via Colombo, Bombay, and Prague. Rome and Paris became the airline's third and fourth European destinations, with flights stopping in Bombay and Cairo to refuel. Flights to the People's Republic of China began that same year, with service to Guangzhou via Phnom Penh, the first Indonesian airline to do so.

Continued growth (1970s–90s)[edit]

A Douglas DC-10-30 of Garuda Indonesia at Amsterdam Airport, showing their older livery, a red stripe, while the word "Garuda" is colored with red.
A Douglas DC-10-30 of Garuda Indonesia at Amsterdam Airport in 1977

During the early 1970s, Garuda Indonesia took delivery of both the McDonnell Douglas DC-9 and Fokker F28 Fellowship for its short and medium-haul operations. The airline went on to take delivery of 62 F28s, holding the title of the largest operator of the F28 in the world. In 1976, Garuda took delivery of its first McDonnell Douglas DC-10, giving it the capability to carry more passengers and fly longer flights, and replaced the DC-8 and Convair 990 fleet on flights within Asia and to Europe. The DC-10 became an integral part of the Garuda fleet for the years to come, outlasting the newer McDonnell Douglas MD-11s, before the type was finally retired in 2002. In 1980, the airline took delivery of the first Boeing 747-200, complementing the DC-10 on high-capacity or long-range routes.

On 21 June 1982, Garuda became the launch customer of the Airbus A300 B4-220FFCC, the first variant of the A300 capable of being operated with two pilots instead of three. By 1984, nine of these were in service, supplemented by 8 McDonnell Douglas DC-10s, 24 DC-9s, 45 Fokker F-28s, and 6 Boeing 747-200s. In 1985 under Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta, who had been CEO since 1984, Garuda made the controversial decision to hire foreign brand consultants Landor Associates to create a new logo, livery and brand, a project regarded as expensive and unnecessary at the time but later applauded as vital for Garuda's reputation and corporate identity as the national airline.

A boarding ticket issued by Garuda Indonesia, colored mainly in green. The ticket shows a passenger flying GA 150 to Medan. The boarding ticket shows that there are non-smoking and smoking sections on the aircraft.
A boarding ticket issued by Garuda Indonesia

Under Lumenta, Garuda also increased the number of flight frequencies and destinations, reduced ticket prices and collaborated with Merpati Nusantara Airlines, introducing flexible tickets valid for both Indonesian airlines.[12][13]

In 1990, Garuda took delivery of the McDonnell Douglas MD-11s,[10] which gradually replaced the DC-10 on flights to Europe and allowed the airline to launch flights to Los Angeles via Honolulu.[5] During this time, the airline operated a fleet of the aforementioned MD-11s, DC-10s, 747, Airbus A300 and Boeing 737-400, operating it to destinations throughout Asia, Europe and North America. In 1994, Garuda took delivery of its first Boeing 747-400 aircraft, which became a mainstay of its fleet until 2015, operating hajj flights and high-density short-haul routes, while the delivery of the first Airbus A330-300 in 1996 allowed more flexibility, as it was more fuel-efficient than the three- and four-engine jets. That same year, Garuda placed an order for six Boeing 777 aircraft,[14] due for delivery in 2000, but a new series of challenges and difficulties were about to hit the airline.

Difficult period (1996–2004)[edit]

refer to caption
A McDonnell Douglas MD-11 of Garuda at Sepinggan International Airport in 2001

The late 1990s and early 2000s proved a turbulent and difficult time for Garuda; accidents in Fukuoka in 1996 and Medan in 1997 added to problems caused by the 1997 Asian financial crisis, resulting in a drastic reduction in operations, including termination of service to the Americas and a massive scaling back of its European operations. Largely due to historical links with the Netherlands, Garuda continued to operate flights to Amsterdam after the initial cutbacks. The other European routes continued were Frankfurt and London, but they were discontinued in 2003 and the Amsterdam route was discontinued on 28 October 2004. The situation was exacerbated by the 11 September 2001 terrorist attacks in the U.S., the Bali bombings, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and the SARS scare, all of which contributed to a downturn in air travel and Indonesian tourism. As a result, its earlier order for the Boeing 777 was deferred, and so was an order for 18 Boeing 737-800s to replace its ageing 737 Classic fleet.[14] By 2005, Garuda had largely recovered from its economic problems, swapping its order for six Boeing 777-200ERs for 10 Boeing 787-8 Dreamliners in 2005,[14] but its operational problems remained.[15]

Munir murder (2004–2006)[edit]

On 7 September 2004, Garuda's reputation suffered further damage when human rights activist Munir Said Thalib, travelling to Amsterdam via Singapore on Garuda Indonesia Flight 974, was assassinated by off-duty pilot Pollycarpus Priyanto, who slipped arsenic into his drink sometime before the departure of the flight's second leg to Amsterdam. Munir was reported to have felt unwell several hours after departure from Singapore, during which time he was checked on by a doctor who happened to be on board and moved to the business class cabin to sleep. He died about two hours before arrival in Amsterdam, sparking an international controversy, during which time Priyanto, CEO Indra Setiawan, and deputy Rohainil Aini were all convicted of his murder, although it has been alleged it was under orders from the Indonesian State Intelligence Agency (Badan Intelijen Negara).[16][17][18] The airline was found negligent in failing to perform an emergency landing and was ordered to pay compensation to Munir's widow,[19] but failed to do so.[20]

European ban (2007–2009)[edit]

In June 2007, the EU banned Garuda Indonesia and all other Indonesian airlines, from flying into any European countries,[21][22] following the crash of Flight 200 earlier that year. With the support of the international aviation industry for all Indonesian airlines, the EU promised to review its ban and sent a team of experts, led by the European Commission's Air Safety Administrator Federico Grandini to Indonesia to consider lifting the ban.[23] In August 2007, Indonesia's transportation minister announced that the EU would lift its ban hopefully sometime in October, saying that the ban was attributed to communication breakdown between the two parties and that discussions were in progress.

In November 2007, Garuda announced its intention to fly to Amsterdam from Jakarta and Denpasar with either Airbus A330 or Boeing 777 aircraft if the EU lifted its ban.[24] On 28 November 2007, the EU said that the safety reforms already undertaken were a step in the right direction for the EU to consider lifting the ban, but still did not satisfy the EU's aviation safety standards, and thus did not lift its ban.[25] The ban was lifted in July 2009,[26] after which Garuda began evaluating service to Amsterdam and other European destinations, as well as the United States.[27]

Developments after lifting of ban (2009–2020)[edit]

refer to caption
Comparison between Garuda's current and previous livery. Aircraft on right is in the current livery; the other two are in the airline's previous livery. (2010)

Following the lifting of the EU ban against Garuda Indonesia and three other Indonesian carriers, the airline announced in July 2009 an aggressive five-year expansion plan known as the Quantum Leap.[28][29] The plan involved an image overhaul, including changing the airline's livery, staff uniform and logo, and nearly doubling the size of its fleet from 62 to 116.[28] The Quantum Leap also plans to boost annual passenger numbers to 27.6 million in the same period, up from 10.1 million at the time of program launch through increasing domestic and international destinations from 41 to 62.[28] Route expansions included Amsterdam, with a stopover in Dubai, in 2010. As of 2014, Garuda flies to Amsterdam non-stop five times a week using a Boeing 777-300ER with continuing service to London, with the sixth weekly service to be added by the end of 2015. Other European and American cities such as Frankfurt, Paris, Rome, Madrid and Los Angeles are being considered for reopening.[30][31][32][33][34]

As part of the Quantum Leap, the airline refreshed its logo and redesigned its livery in 2009, more than 20 years after the last update.[35] New uniforms were introduced in 2010.[36] In 2010, the airline placed a firm order for six additional Airbus A330s at the 2010 Farnborough Airshow,[37] while it opened a new hub at Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, Makassar, South Sulawesi to increase services to the eastern part of Indonesia on 1 June 2011, its third after Jakarta and Denpasar.[38] In 2013, Garuda's won the Skytrax World's Best Cabin Crew Awards, and in 2018, Garuda's won the awards again for the fifth consecutive year. During this period, the airline also added additional frequencies to many of its international routes, including to Singapore, Bangkok, Beijing and Shanghai from Jakarta, while it also added capacity to Denpasar-Seoul.

At the Paris Air Show 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced a firm order of 25 Airbus A320s with an option for another 25.[39] All 25 Airbus A320s are to be used by their subsidiary, Citilink[40] The airline's earlier order for the Boeing 787, made in 2005, was changed once more, due to the delays in the 787's entry into service. Garuda opted to sign for 10 Boeing 777-300ERs instead, which it would take delivery of in 2013 to use on long-haul flights to Europe, and medium-haul flights within Asia, such as to Japan, China, Singapore and Saudi Arabia, as well as short-haul domestic routes between Jakarta and Denpasar.

The airline made its debut on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in February 2011,[41] with the government of Indonesia retaining a majority of the shares. PT Trans Airways bought 10.9% stake of Garuda Indonesia unsold IPO shares from underwriters on 27 April 2012. The transaction was valued at Rp 1.53 trillion ($166.8 million).[42] In late 2014, the airline became one of seven airlines to earn the prestigious 5-star rating from Skytrax, marking the end of the 5-year Quantum Leap program.[43] Following this announcement, Emirsyah Satar, who had been CEO for the past nine years, announced his resignation and retirement and promoted former Citilink chief Arif Wibowo as his successor.

Following Wibowo's promotion, he began a "Quick Wins" cost-cutting drive to cut down on losses while boosting revenue through various measures, including cancelling unprofitable routes and increasing staff efficiency.[44] Despite this, Wibowo remained committed to continuing the airline's international expansion, particularly once market conditions, such as the weakening rupiah, improved. This was reaffirmed following the airline's announcement of its intent to order 90 new aircraft, from both Boeing and Airbus, worth $20 billion at list prices at the 2015 Paris Air Show.[45] Wibowo retired from his position in 2017, replaced by Pahala Nugraha Mansury the same year before being replaced by I Gusti Ngurah Askhara Danadiputra, otherwise known as Ari Askhara in 2018.

During Ari Askhara's leadership, Garuda introduced live acoustic concerts on domestic flights, which led to criticism.[46] as well as reopening the London route from Denpasar, with transit in Medan's Kualanamu International Airport. It also hit with three high-profile scandals.

In April 2019, Chairal Tanjung and Donny Oskaria, Independent Commissioners of the airline called out that Garuda's 2018 Annual Report was not in accordance with the Statement of Financial Accounting Standards, thus deciding not to sign the report. Both Ministry of Finance and Financial Services Authority found various violations inside the report as both Independent Commissioners told the public, which led to both regulators imposing a penalty to the airline and auditors involved.[47][48]

On 13 July 2019, travel reviewer and YouTuber Rius Vernandes shared a picture of a hand-written menu during his flight from Sydney to Jakarta, which led to Garuda's management reporting him to the police followed by the airline issuing a regulation prohibiting selfies on the plane and a lawsuit prompted by the Garuda's workers' association also known as SEKARGA. Both Garuda's and SEKARGA's action were panned and criticized by worldwide netizens. Through mediation, Rius and Garuda reached a settlement, and SEKARGA pulled the lawsuit on 19 July 2019.[49][50]

Controversy during the leadership of Ari Askhara[edit]

On 5 December 2019, Ari Askhara was fired from his position for smuggling a classic Harley-Davidson motorcycle and Brompton folded bicycle. The motorcycle and bicycle were found by the Soekarno–Hatta International Airport's Customs and Excise team inside a recently-delivered Airbus A330-900 aircraft.[51][52] It was revealed that Ari Askhara and other directors had been implementing various policies that harmed Garuda flight attendants, such as mutation without explanation, additional flight hours, and discrimination between employees.[53][54][55][56] These policies were subsequently revoked.[57]

A year later in December 2020, it was revealed through Twitter that many Garuda flight attendants had been victims of sexual harassment and coercion to prostitution during Ari's leadership, with many attendants confirming that VP Cabin Attendant Roni Eka Mirsa was the pimp for the prostitution circle.[55][58][59] Police responded by investigating the whistleblower in the case for defamation after a report was filed by an air hostess who was allegedly the mistress of various executives at state-owned enterprises. She later dropped the complaint.[60] State-owned Enterprises Minister Erick Thohir said that he would consider dismissing executives of state-owned enterprises if their female employees have faced sexual harassment.[61]

COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023)[edit]

as in caption
Garuda Indonesia flight attendants wearing mask during COVID-19 pandemic

On 14 May 2020, as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic and its impacts on aviation and airlines, Garuda Indonesia furloughed 800 of its staff for at least three months. In June, it laid off 180 contracted pilots.[62] The airline implemented face masks for crew members in accordance with health regulations to prevent the spread of the disease. On 16 June 2020, after some passengers complained that they could not see the flight attendants' faces, Garuda president director Irfan Setiaputra said the airline was planning to replace face masks with face shields for its cabin crew.[63] Three days later, in response to public criticism of the plan, he said Garuda's flight attendants would not stop using face masks.[64]

Financial trouble[edit]

Due to the prolonged pandemic, Garuda Indonesia experienced problems in operations, management, and funding. Its debt became arisen and unpaid, and the corporation is currently on the verge of bankruptcy and future closure by the government.[65] In the effort to save the airline, Garuda has cut around 30 percent of its workforce, reducing its staff to 5,400 from 7,861. Garuda claims that its board of directors and its commissioners have taken a pay cut as well.[66]

At the end of 2021, Garuda reported a debt of $9.8 billion to more than 800 creditors, complicating efforts for out-of-court settlement attempts during the COVID-19 pandemic, where Garuda's income dropped by 70 percent.[67] As the future replacement of Garuda Indonesia in case the corporation is deemed beyond saving, the government prepared Pelita Air Service, a cargo airline currently owned by Pertamina, to be the successor of Garuda Indonesia as the new flag carrier of Indonesia.[68][69]

In May 2022, Garuda appeared in court for its attempts to reschedule its debts. Garuda filed for a 30-day delay in the proceedings, which is granted by the court. This was the second extension given by the court, as the original court date was in March 2022.[70]

In April 2022, the Sixth Committee of Indonesia's People Representative Council and Erick Thohir, Indonesia's Minister of State Owned Enterprises, decided to execute a scheme to save the ailing airline.[71]

In June 2022, during Garuda's attempt to delay payment of its debts, Garuda announced that its debt was $8.3 billion, where its biggest debtors were Airbus SE and Pertamina.[72] If the delay to pay its debts was accepted by its creditors, Garuda promised that it would be profitable in 3 years.[73] Garuda will also seek funding of $1.3 billion through global bonds and issuance of new stocks.[74] On 17 June 2022, Garuda's creditors voted to accept Garuda's debt restructuring, saving the company from bankruptcy.[75] Boeing did not join the debt restructuring process because Garuda stated that its amount of debt to Boeing was not verified yet, and Garuda stated that if Boeing did not confirm its debt to Boeing in 30 days after the debt restructuring, Garuda's debt to Boeing could be totally removed.[76] On 20 June 2022, Garuda's debt restructuring was put on hold because two of the lessors did not agree with the debt restructuring, and a new court date was set on 27 June.[77]

In September 2022, Garuda Indonesia filed for US Chapter 15 bankruptcy protection.[78]

Corruption case[edit]

On 22 June 2022, Attorney General's Office of Indonesia said it was finishing its investigation of corruption in the purchase of CRJ-1000 and ATR72-600 aircraft, which is illegal. Setijo Awibowo, the Vice President of Strategic Management, Agus Wahjudo, the Executive Project Manager of Aircraft Delivery and ex-Vice President of Treasury Management Albert Burhan are suspects in the case. Emirsyah Satar, the CEO during the alleged corruption, has been arrested for another corruption case. The loss for Indonesia is reported to be US$609 million.[79]

Corporate affairs and identity[edit]

Presidents and CEOs[edit]

Name From To
Dr. E. Konijnenburg 1950 1954
Ir. Soetoto 1954 1959
Marsekal Iskandar 1959 1961
Partono 1961 1965
Soedarmo 1965 1968
Wiweko Soepono 1968 1984
Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta[12] 1984 1988
Soeparno 1988 1992
Wage Mulyono 1992 1995
Soepandi 1995 1998
Robby Djohan 1998 1999
Abdul Gani 1999 2002
Indra Setiawan 2002 2005
Emirsyah Satar[80] 2005 2014
Muhammad Arif Wibowo 2014 2017
Pahala Nugraha Mansury[81] 2017 2018
I Gusti Ngurah Askhara Danadiputra 2018 2019
Fuad Rizal 2019 2020
Irfan Setiaputra 2020 present

Branding and livery[edit]

refer to caption
The new Garuda Indonesia flight attendant uniforms, featuring kebaya and parang gondosuli batik

Since its establishment, Garuda Indonesia has changed its branding and livery multiple times.

[edit]

During the airline's early years, Garuda's colour scheme was a simple "Indonesia Airways" logotype with blue lines running along the fuselage and the Indonesian flag on the horizontal stabiliser.

1960s rebranding[edit]

In the 1960s, Garuda introduced a red and white colour scheme in accordance with the Indonesian national identity and the Indonesian flag. Also during this period, the airline introduced a bird logo: a triangle stylized eagle-like Garuda with a red and white shield. The logo was painted on the vertical stabiliser of Garuda's aircraft from 1961 to 1969.

1970s rebranding[edit]

In the 1970s, a logotype with a unique font replaced the triangular eagle as Garuda's corporate identity, along with a new colour scheme consisting of a red and orange "hockey stick" line running along the aircraft's windows and vertical stabiliser. This livery was used from 1969 to 1985.

1985 rebranding[edit]

In 1985, Garuda underwent a complete branding makeover, changing its name into "Garuda Indonesia" along with its livery, logo and logotype. The new branding and livery were created by Landor Associates who also created the new logo: the Garuda symbol with five bent lines forming its wings.[82] The colour scheme was changed to a deep royal blue and aqua color, said to be inspired by the nature of Indonesia that was dominated by tropical greenery and seas when viewed from the air. The nationalistic red and white colour scheme was no longer used.

2009 rebranding[edit]

In 2009, a new branding initiative was launched through a new image, developed once again by brand consultant Landor Associates: a new spin of the idea called "nature's wing".[82] Garuda has since replaced the old logo painted on its aircraft's vertical stabilisers with this new "nature's wing" graphic of blue and aqua shades. The "nature's wing" graphic was inspired by the wings of tropical birds as well as the ripples of waves upon the water.[83] The bird symbol designed by Landor 24 years earlier is still maintained as Garuda Indonesia's logo, with minor changes, while the logotype now uses a font similar to Myriad Pro.

Special liveries[edit]

To celebrate its 62 years of service, on 26 January 2011, Garuda Indonesia painted 2 of its Boeing 737-800s with retro liveries the airline used in the 1960s and 1970s.

To raise awareness on wearing masks during the COVID-19 pandemic, Garuda Indonesia painted five of their aircraft with a surgical mask tied to its nose, with the words "Ayo pakai masker," meaning "Please wear masks," introduced on 1 October 2020. This is part of Indonesia's governmental responses to the pandemic, however the design itself is from an ongoing competition Garuda launched called Fly Your Design Through The Sky, asking people to design masks to be painted in one of their planes.[84]

Gallery of Garuda Indonesia logos
1969 – 1985
1985 – 2009
2009 – present
Gallery of Garuda Indonesia liveries
A Douglas DC-3 Seulawah RI-001, with the simple "Indonesia Airways" logotype, Indonesian flag and blue lines (1949 – 1961)
A Convair 990 at Amsterdam Airport Schiphol in 1965 with the triangular bird logo (1961 – 1969)
A Douglas DC-8-55 at Paris–Le Bourget Airport in 1970 with the Garuda logotype (early 1970s transition livery)
A McDonnell Douglas DC-10 in 1985 with the red and orange color scheme (1969 – 1985)
A Boeing 747-200B at Frankfurt Airport in 1990 (1985 – 2009)
A Boeing 737-800 with the blue and white color scheme livery at Perth Airport (2009 – present)
This set of images shows the evolution of Garuda Indonesia's livery.

Head office[edit]

Garuda Indonesia has its head office at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia,[85][86] near Cengkareng and near Jakarta.[87] The head office is the Garuda Indonesia Management Building, located within the Garuda Indonesia City Center. The about 17,000-square-metre (180,000 sq ft) head office facility is on a 5-hectare (12-acre) plot of land. As of 2009, the head office houses the Garuda management and about 1,000 employees from various units. Indonesian President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono opened the current Garuda head office in 2009.[88] The previous head office was located in the city center of Jakarta, in Central Jakarta.[88][89][90]

Privatization[edit]

Garuda Indonesia had announced that its subsidiary GMF AeroAsia would be listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2008. However, due to the financial crisis of 2008, GMF delayed IPO until 2009. The Ministry of State-Owned Companies (Kementrian BUMN) had also announced a plan to privatize Garuda, that opened a possibility to offer its shares publicly. Garuda Indonesia aimed to list on 11 February 2011, for an initial public offering.[91] The Government of Indonesia confirmed the IPO price of Garuda Indonesia at Rp.750 per share and also cut the offering size to 6.3 billion shares only from 9.362 billion planned before.[92]

Subsidiaries[edit]

Garuda Indonesia's subsidiaries include:

Garuda Indonesia Group[93][94]
Company Type Principal activities Country Group's Equity Shareholding
PT Citilink Indonesia Subsidiary Low-cost airline Indonesia 100%
PT Garuda Maintenance Facility Aero Asia Tbk Subsidiary Aircraft Maintenance Indonesia 100%
PT Aero Wisata Subsidiary Travel, hotel, transportation and catering services Indonesia 100%
PT Sabre Travel Network Indonesia (Previously Abacus)[95] Subsidiary Computer reservation provider Indonesia 100%
PT Gapura Angkasa Subsidiary Ground handling service Indonesia 58,75%[96]
PT Aero Systems Indonesia Subsidiary IT provider and solutions Indonesia 100%
Cargo Garuda Indonesia Strategic Business Unit Cargo Indonesia 100%
Garuda Sentra Medika Strategic Business Unit Aircrew health services Indonesia 100%
PT Aerojasa Perkasa Strategic Business Unit Cargo Indonesia 100%
Garuda Indonesia Holiday France S.A.S. Subsidiary Travel agency Indonesia, France 100%

In September 2019, Garuda Indonesia launched the grandchildren of the company, PT Garuda Tauberes Indonesia application. The company is engaged in logistics orders, both for couriers, air cargo gateways and payments through the e-commerce application platform Tauberes. The concept carried is smart logistic services. In addition, four new grandchildren of the company have also been established. The four companies are PT Garuda Daya Pratama Sejahtera, PT Garuda Indonesia Air Charter. Then followed, PT Garuda Ilmu Terapan Cakrawala, and PT Garuda Energi Logistik dan Komersial. [97]

Cooperation[edit]

On 18 August 2018, Garuda Indonesia signed an MoU agreement with the cargo airline Jayawijaya Dirgantara relating to the distribution of cargo from Jayapura to Wamena.[98]

Destinations[edit]

refer to caption
Garuda's Boeing 737-800s on stand at Terminal 3 of Soekarno–Hatta International Airport, which is the airline's main hub
refer to caption
Garuda Indonesia Bombardier CRJ1000 at Komodo Airport

Garuda Indonesia operates flights to 96 airport destinations (72 domestic and 24 international) in 12 countries (including Indonesia), with approximately 500 daily departures from its hubs at Jakarta, Denpasar, Makassar and Medan The airline serves 3 continents Asia, Australia and Europe with its fleet of 140 aircraft, to destinations such as Singapore, Shanghai–Pudong, Tokyo–Haneda, Amsterdam, Sydney, Guangzhou, Beijing–Capital, Bangkok–Suvarnabhumi, Seoul–Incheon, Jeddah, Medina, Hong Kong, and Kuala Lumpur–International. Although it has rapidly expanded its route network since the Quantum Leap began in 2009, Garuda still does not fly to several major cities, such as Manila and Ho Chi Minh City. Despite repeatedly stating its intention to fly to Manila, Garuda has not given a time frame.[99]

On 13 October 2009, Garuda announced it would resume flights to Europe for the first time since its removal from the E.U. blacklist. It commenced flights between Jakarta and Amsterdam in June 2010, initially with a refueling stop in Dubai.[100] On 2 December 2012, after agreeing to a codeshare agreement with Etihad Airways, Garuda changed the refueling stop to Abu Dhabi.[101] After the delivery of its Boeing 777-300ER aircraft in 2013, the airline removed the Abu Dhabi refueling stop, and commenced non-stop service to Amsterdam, as the longest flight Garuda operated, and consequently ending flights to Abu Dhabi, leaving Etihad as the sole operator between Jakarta and Abu Dhabi.[102] On 8 September that year, the airline extended its Amsterdam flight with continuing service to London Gatwick.[103][104]

In 2011, Garuda flew 17.1 million passengers, up 39% from the previous year, while the total revenue jumped 38% to Rp27.1 trillion ($2.95 billion). Composition of passengers on domestic routes and international routes was 81% versus 19% respectively.[105]

On 31 March 2016, Garuda Indonesia inaugurated its first flight from Singapore Changi Airport to London Heathrow, using a Boeing 777-300ER.

In mid 2016, Garuda announced its intention to resume service to Mumbai from Jakarta. This service is opened on 12 December 2016 via Bangkok using Boeing 737-800 NG.[106]

On 12 September 2016, Garuda Indonesia announced its intention to resume service to Los Angeles via Tokyo-Narita using a Boeing 777-300ER from Jakarta after the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) granted a Category 1 rating to Indonesia. The flight was slated to start in November 2017. The last time Los Angeles was served was in 1998.[107] As of 2019, however, the plan is yet to be realized and has most likely been shelved as the Government of Japan has yet to approve fifth freedom rights to Garuda.[108]

In February 2017, Garuda Indonesia announced that the airline will resume flights to Dubai and Moscow using the wide-body Airbus A330-200. This flight is planned to be resumed in 2018, although as of 2019 has not been realized.[citation needed][needs update]

In August 2018, Garuda Indonesia announced that the airline will end flights to London Heathrow by October, although it then resumed flights on December with a dual-class Boeing 777-300ER on the same year.[109] 2019 marked further adjustments to Garuda's flight to London Heathrow as the airline announced a Jakarta-London Heathrow, London Heathrow-Denpasar routing.[110]

Codeshare agreements and alliances[edit]

Codesharing has allowed Garuda Indonesia to expand services into Western Europe and the Middle East. In 2009, Garuda Indonesia expressed an interest in joining the SkyTeam airline alliance, which would make it the second airline in Southeast Asia to join after Vietnam Airlines. Membership would open SkyTeam's network to Indonesian, Australian, and New Zealand markets, which it lacked connectivity to. In December 2009, three SkyTeam members – Korean Air, KLM, and Delta Air Lines (China Airlines joined as fourth member to support Garuda after its 2011 SkyTeam inclusion)[111] – committed to supporting Garuda Indonesia to join SkyTeam. This made Garuda Indonesia eligible to apply for membership in the alliance. On 23 November 2010, Garuda Indonesia signed an agreement to join SkyTeam. However instead of the usual 18–24 months to complete membership formalities, shortcomings with its IT system delayed Garuda's entry. After a 40-month process, the airline eventually became the 20th member of the alliance on 5 March 2014, some two years after the original target date.[112][113]

  • On 19 June 2007, Garuda Indonesia and Hainan Airlines began codesharing in a bid to strengthen both airlines' marketing positions in Indonesia and People's Republic of China.[114] In this agreement, Garuda Indonesia will be the operating partner on the Jakarta-Beijing (vv) service, flying five times a week using a new A330-200.
  • An interline agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Australian airline Virgin Blue was confirmed in November 2007. This facilitates travel for passengers connecting from a Virgin Australia domestic flight to a Garuda Indonesia international service departing from either Sydney, Melbourne or Perth.[115]
  • In June 2008, it was announced that Garuda Indonesia would increase services between Australia and Bali. From 25 June, Garuda Indonesia added an extra flight between Darwin and Denpasar, bringing the total number of services to three per week. Additionally, a fourth flight from Melbourne to Denpasar began on 22 July. On 2 September, another extra service departed from Melbourne to bring the total number of flights per week to five, and a sixth flight left from Sydney. This extra capacity was in response to an increase in the number of Australians who traveled to Bali in the first quarter of 2008, marking a resurgence in Balinese tourism, which was hit hard by the 2002 and 2005 Bali bombings.[116]
  • In August 2008, a codeshare agreement between Singapore Airlines and the airline on the route between Singapore and Denpasar was established. Singapore Airlines is the operating carrier.
  • A partnership agreement with Etihad Airways was announced on 16 October 2012. The partnership includes a codeshare agreement for a total of 36 flights between the two airlines; subject to Government Regulatory Approval. Reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes were also part of the agreement, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Etihad Airways. Garuda Indonesia subsequently shifted its Dubai operations to Abu Dhabi as to complement the agreement.[101][117]
  • During the APEC summit on 7 October 2013, a codeshare agreement between Garuda Indonesia and Aeroméxico was announced, allowing passengers to travel from Jakarta to Mexico City via Tokyo and vice versa. Under the codeshare agreement, Aeromexico would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia's Jakarta-Tokyo flights while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Aeromexico's Tokyo-Mexico City flights.[118]
  • On 19 November 2013, a codeshare agreement was announced between Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways of India. Under the codeshare agreement, Jet Airways would place its flight numbers on Garuda Indonesia flights between Jakarta and Singapore while Garuda Indonesia would place its flight numbers on Jet Airways flights between Singapore and Mumbai, Delhi and Chennai. The two airlines also announced a reciprocal Frequent Flyer programme partnership, allowing passengers to earn miles flying both Garuda Indonesia and Jet Airways.[119]
  • On 19 December 2013, Garuda Indonesia and Japan's All Nippon Airways announced a partnership agreement encompassing codeshare flights as well as reciprocal Frequent Flyer programmes. Under the codeshare agreement, ANA passengers arriving in Jakarta would be able to transfer to 10 destinations in Indonesia on board Garuda Indonesia flights, while Garuda Indonesia passengers arriving in Tokyo or Osaka would be able to transfer to 11 destinations in Japan on board ANA flights.[120]
  • On 6 February 2024, Garuda Indonesia and Qatar Airways launched the fourth Jakarta-Doha daily flight starting 2 April 2024, to add to three daily flights already served by Qatar Airways. This will be codeshare flights operated by Garuda Indonesia with its Boeing 777-300ERs.[121]

Garuda Indonesia has codeshare agreements with the following airlines:[122]

Explore and Explore-jet sub-brands[edit]

A Bombardier CRJ1000 of Garuda Indonesia Explore-jet landing at Christmas Island Airport on its weekly service from Jakarta (February 2017)

As Indonesia's flag carrier, Garuda Indonesia tries to connect many parts of Indonesia to support the government's "Indonesian Interconnectivity" program. But Garuda's fleet of Boeing 737-800s cannot reach many remote and smaller airports, because of the lack of airport infrastructure in smaller cities and remote areas, such as insufficient runway length.

In line with its Quantum Leap plan, Garuda ordered brand-new Bombardier CRJ1000 and ATR 72 to reach smaller airports from Garuda's hubs like Ngurah Rai International Airport, Sultan Hasanuddin International Airport, and Kualanamu International Airport. On 25 November 2013, Garuda launched its new sub-brands "Explore" and "Explore-jet", for servicing perintis ("pioneer") lines traditionally served by (dormant) Merpati Nusantara Airlines and its competitor Wings Air.

In 2022, due to the corruption scandal surrounding Bombardier CRJ1000 and ATR 72 fleet procurement back in 2013, and the company's worsened financial condition during the Covid-19 pandemic has forced the grounding of these two types of aircraft fleets. Currently, most of the fleets has been returned to the lessor or transferred to its subsidiary Citilink, which also means the end of the "Explore" and "Explore-jet" sub-brands.

SkyTeam[edit]

A Garuda Indonesia Boeing 777-300ER (PK-GII) taxiing at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport. The aircraft is wearing the SkyTeam livery to represent Garuda's membership within SkyTeam Airline Alliance.

On 5 March 2014, Garuda Indonesia officially joined the SkyTeam alliance and became its 20th member.[130] The inclusion of Garuda Indonesia adds 40 new destinations to SkyTeam's global network and strengthens the alliance presence in Southeast Asia and Australia. To commemorate the event, the airline repainted an Airbus A330-300, a Boeing 737-800, and a Bombardier CRJ1000 with SkyTeam livery. In addition to repainted aircraft, a Boeing 777-300ER was delivered with SkyTeam livery.[131] With the arrival of Garuda Indonesia to SkyTeam, a variety of facilities are given as including SkyPriority, as well as changing its current frequent flyer membership into GarudaMiles. In addition, Garuda is connected with 140 new destinations and also teamed up with the world's major airlines, such as Aeroflot, Aeroméxico, Air France, China Airlines, Delta Air Lines, KLM, Korean Air, and Saudia.[132]

Fleet[edit]

The Boeing customer code for Garuda Indonesia is U3, which appears on its aircraft designations as an infix, such as 737-8U3 and 777-3U3ER.

Garuda uses the Boeing 777-300ER on high-density medium and long-haul routes. The Airbus A330 fleet is primarily used on most medium-haul routes from Jakarta and Denpasar, as well as for Umrah and Hajj flights. The Boeing 737-800 and Boeing 737 MAX 8 aircraft are used on most domestic and regional routes. Meanwhile, the Bombardier CRJ1000 is used to fly to airports incapable of handling the newer 737-800, replacing the Boeing 737 Classic. The ATR 72-600 turboprop entered service at the end of 2013, serving new inter-island routes to airports in middle and eastern part of Indonesia that cannot handle jet aircraft.[133]

At the Paris Air Show in 2015, Garuda Indonesia signed a Letter of Intent (LoI) to purchase 90 new aircraft from Boeing and Airbus (30 737 MAX, 20 787 Dreamliner, 30 A350 XWB) worth $20 billion at list prices[134] Garuda has also signed a LoI for 14 Airbus A330-900s aircraft (including 7 cancellations from existing A330-300 order), first reported during the Singapore Airshow 2016, confirming the order on 19 April 2016.[135]

On 5 October 2017, Garuda operated its last Boeing 747 service after the last aircraft touched down in Makassar from Medina, a returning Hajj flight. It was then ferried to Jakarta the following day for retirement.[136]

In January 2019, CEO Ari Askhara stated that the airline was considering and negotiating with lessors for a switch of 34 out of the remaining 49 Boeing 737 MAXes on order to the larger MAX 10 variant, as the airline was planning to resume 737 MAX deliveries by 2020.[137][138] In March 2019, the airline decided to cancel its outstanding orders for 49 Boeing 737 MAX aircraft, citing a loss of passenger confidence in the type after the crashes of Lion Air Flight 610 and Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302.[139][140] In November 2020, the airline clarified that their order for Boeing 737 MAX is not cancelled yet, and talks are still ongoing with Boeing concerning the order.[141]

Current fleet[edit]

As of January 2024, Garuda Indonesia operates the following aircraft:[4]

Garuda Indonesia fleet
Aircraft In Service Orders Passengers Notes
F B E Total
Airbus A330-200 4 36 186 222
18 242 260
Airbus A330-300 14 2 42 215 257 To add 2 more to the fleet.[142]
36 215 251
24 263 287
360 360
Airbus A330-800 4[143] TBA
Airbus A330-900 3 11[144] 24 277 301
Boeing 737-800 41 5 12 150 162 To add 5 more to the fleet.[142]
162 174
8 153 161 Ex-China Airlines aircraft.[145]
Boeing 777-300ER 8 2 8 38 268 314 To add 2 more to the fleet.[142]
26 367 393
Cargo Garuda Indonesia fleet
Airbus A330-300 2 Cargo Converted from passenger aircraft as Preighter.
Boeing 737-800BCF 1 Cargo Operated by BBN Airlines Indonesia.[146]
Total 73 24

Historic fleet[edit]

Previously operated[147]
Aircraft Total Introduced Retired Replacement Notes
Airbus A300B4-200FF 9 1981 1999 Airbus A330 Launch customer for the variant
Airbus A300-600R 13 1990 1997 Airbus A330
Airbus A340-300 3 2000 2001 None Leased from China Southwest Airlines
ATR 72-600 18 2013 2022 None
Boeing 707 1 1989 1989 None
Boeing 720 2 1975 1976 None
Boeing 737-200C 2 1996 1998[148] None Operated by Cargo Garuda Indonesia, by leased from Transmile Air Service.
Boeing 737-300 29 1989 2014 Boeing 737-800
Bombardier CRJ1000
Boeing 737-400 27 1993 2012 Boeing 737-800
Boeing 737-500 5 1997 2015 Boeing 737-800
Bombardier CRJ1000
Boeing 737 MAX 8 1 2017 2022 None Returned to lessor
Boeing 747-100 7 1991 1993 None All aircraft were leased for Hajj flights
Boeing 747-200B 33 1980 2003 Boeing 747-400
Boeing 747-200M 1 1992 1995 None Leased from South African Airways
Boeing 747-300 11 1996 2009 None All aircraft were leased
Never wore full Garuda Indonesia livery
Boeing 747-400 14 1994 2017 Boeing 777-300ER 11 were leased not concurrently by various airlines for Hajj flights
Boeing 767-200ER 2 2008 2009 None Leased from Thomsonfly
Boeing 767-300ER 17 2002 2012 None All aircraft were leased
Bombardier CRJ1000 18 2012 2021 None
Consolidated PBY-5A Catalina 4 1950 1953 None Taken over from KLM Interinsulair Bedrijf, but one of them, PK-CTC crashed in 1948.[149]
Convair 240 8 1950 1965 Fokker F27-200
Convair 340 8 1952 1968 Fokker F27-200 The first Hajj flight was operated by this aircraft
Convair CV-440 3 1956 1970 Fokker F27-200
Convair CV-990 Coronado 3 1963 1973 Douglas DC-8-50 The first jet aircraft for the airline, also the first Southeast Asian airline to operate its type.[150]
de Havilland Heron 14 1952 1956 Un­known
Douglas DC-3 27 1949 1970 Fokker F27-200
Lockheed L-188 Electra
Douglas DC-8-30 4 1969 1975 Airbus A300B4-200FF
Douglas DC-8-50 6 1966 1980 Airbus A300B4-200FF
Douglas DC-8-60 1 1974 1976 None Leased from World Airways
Fokker F27-200 Un­known 1969 1977 Fokker F28 Mk-1000 [151]
Fokker F27-600 12 1969 1977 Fokker F28 Mk-1000
Fokker F28 Mk-1000 24 1969 1982 Fokker F28 Mk-3000
Fokker F28 Mk-3000 7 1973 1999 Boeing 737 Classic Launch customer
Fokker F28 Mk-4000 28[152] 1978 2001 Boeing 737 Classic
Fokker 100 1 1993 1994 None Leased from Merpati Nusantara Airlines
Lockheed L-188 Electra 3 1961 1973 Boeing 737 Classic
Lockheed L-1011 TriStar 1 1990 1990 None Leased from Royal Jordanian
McDonnell Douglas DC-9-30 25 1970 1994 Boeing 737 Classic
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-10 1 1989 1989 None Leased from Key Airlines
McDonnell Douglas DC-10-30 26 1976 2005[153] Airbus A330
McDonnell Douglas MD-11 18 1991 2001 Airbus A330
Scottish Aviation Twin Pioneer 4 1962 1963 None [154][155]

Special liveries[edit]

Registration Livery Aircraft
PK-GFI "Livin' by Mandiri" livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GFJ "Livin' by Mandiri" livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GFM 1961-1969 retro livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GFQ "Ayo Pakai Masker" livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GFX "From Nature to Future" livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GHC "Ayo Pakai Masker" livery Airbus A330-300
PK-GHD 1969-1985 retro livery Airbus A330-300
PK-GHG "Ayo Pakai Masker" livery Airbus A330-900
PK-GIG Republik Indonesia semi retro livery, occasionally used for flights for the President of Indonesia Boeing 777-300ER
PK-GII SkyTeam livery Boeing 777-300ER
PK-GIJ "Ayo Pakai Masker" livery Boeing 777-300ER
PK-GIK 1969-1985 retro livery Boeing 777-300ER
PK-GMU "Pikachu Jet GA-1" livery, part of Pokémon Air Adventures collaboration project by The Pokémon Company Boeing 737-800
PK-GMV "Bangga Buatan Indonesia" sticker livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GNE "PT Putra Perkasa Abadi (PPA)" sticker livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GNN Garuda Indonesia × "Pocari Sweat" livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GNR Garuda Indonesia × "Passion Jewelry" livery Boeing 737-800
PK-GPR SkyTeam livery Airbus A330-300
PK-GPZ "Kembara Angkasa" livery, painted on February 2023 to commemorate the 74th anniversary of Garuda Indonesia Airbus A330-300

Services[edit]

Garuda Indonesia is a full-service airline featuring economy, business and first classes. The airline began to introduce new premium products and services with the arrival of the Airbus A330-200 and Boeing 737-800 aircraft. First class cabins were introduced in 2013 on board the Boeing 777-300ER with Wi-Fi and telecommunication services on board.[156]

Cabin[edit]

First Class[edit]

First class is available on two Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, featuring eight suites arranged in a 1-2-1 configuration. The first class seats are suites, with sliding doors for extra privacy. They feature 24" AVOD screen and seats that converts into a bed, as well as a touchscreen seat controller. There is a chef on board the aircraft to tend to the passengers' needs. First Class passengers can use in-flight Wi-Fi connectivity at no extra cost. It has a seat pitch of 82 inches and a seat width of 22 inches.[157][158][159]

The product was originally available on all Boeing 777-300ER aircraft, however, it was decided the final four aircraft would be delivered in a two-class configuration. In 2017, four more aircraft were refitted into the two-class configuration, leaving just two aircraft featuring First Class.

Garuda Indonesia Boeing 777-300ER Business Class

Business Class[edit]

Garuda's business class product, is available on all aircraft except the ATR 72–600 and six older A330-300. The new Business Class cabin on Garuda's Boeing 777-300ERs is fitted with EADS Sogerma flat-bed seats arranged in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration; allowing all passengers direct aisle access. These seats feature a 74" seat pitch, 15" AVOD screen, USB ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light.

Four new A330-300s, delivered from 2016 onwards, feature the B/E Super Diamond business class seat, featuring all-aisle access, in a staggered 1-2-1 configuration, a 180-degree recline, more storage space, a new 16-inch entertainment screen, and touchscreen seat controls, along with an all new Panasonic eX3 inflight entertainment system.[160]

On-board other Airbus A330s, the Business Class cabin feature a fully flat-bed seats on all -200s and seven -300s (delivered between 2013 and 2015). However, there are no Business Class seats on board six older A330-300s delivered in 1997. The flatbed seats have up to 74" seat pitch. Seats are equipped with personal AVOD In-Flight Entertainment System (IFE), USB ports, in-seat laptop power supply, and personal reading light. Business Class seats on board these are configured in a 2-2-2 configuration.

Garuda's Boeing 737-800 aircraft also features a reclining Business Class product with 42" seat pitch in a 2–2 layout, equipped with an in-seat laptop power supply, personal 9-inch touch-screen & handset activated AVOD In-Flight Entertainment, and personal reading light.

A range of hot and cold beverages are available, along with snacks and/or meals, depending on the length of the flight. Wine and beers are also offered on international flights.

Economy Class[edit]

Garuda Indonesia A330-200 older Economy Class

Economy Class seats are available on all aircraft. Seat configuration is 2–2 on the ATR 72 and CRJ1000, 3-3 on the 737, 2-4-2 on the A330 as well as 3-3-3 on the 777. Seat widths range from 17 inches on board all 737, ATR 72 and CRJ1000, to over 18 inches on board the A330 and 777. Seat pitch is 30 inches on the ATR 72 and Bombardier CRJ1000 aircraft, 31–32 inches on the 737, 32–33 inches on board the 777, and 33–34 inches on board the A330.

Seat-back inflight entertainment is offered on all 737s (except PK-GEx series) and all A330s and 777s. Except for four newest A330 aircraft (which feature an 11.1-inch touchscreen), every seat has a 9-inch seat-back touchscreen.

Old cabins[edit]

ESCort (Economy Sleeping Comfort)[edit]

ESCort (Economy Sleeping Comfort) was Garuda's one of two newest onboard class service that was introduced in 2019 exclusively on its flights to and from London-Heathrow. On ESCort class, passengers can enjoy three whole economy class seats for themselves. The airline provided a mattress, pillow, and duvet cover along with business class meals and amenities for passengers traveling in this class. Passengers were allowed to lie down on the three-seats during the flight.[161]

Premium Economy[edit]

Premium Economy was the second onboard class service that Garuda Indonesia introduced in 2019 as it marks its maiden flight from London Heathrow to Denpasar, Bali. The Premium Economy class gave traveling couples an extra empty seat in the regular economy class cabin. Passengers in Premium Economy can also enjoy a 40 kg (88 lb) checked baggage allowance along with a business class meal and amenity kit.[161][dead link]

In-flight entertainment[edit]

In-Flight Entertainment (IFE) is available on board most Garuda Indonesia aircraft: all A330s, all 777s, and all 737-800s.

Garuda's Boeing 777-300ER, Airbus A330s, and newer Boeing 737-800 aircraft are equipped with Audio video on demand In-Flight Entertainment System in all classes. The Economy Class on these aircraft features a 9-inch LCD touch-screen, while the Business Class features a 9-inch, 11-inch, and 15-inch touch-screen LCD in Garuda's Boeing 737-800, older Airbus A330-200, and all remaining Airbus A330 series and 777 aircraft respectively. In Business Class on board the Airbus A330-300 and newer A330-200 aircraft, the screens are located on the seat backs or in the armrest of bulkhead rows, while in the older Airbus A330-200 aircraft and Boeing 737-800s, the screens are stowed in the armrest. In Economy Class, they are on the seat back.[162]

Garuda introduced a new IFE system on board four A330-300 aircraft. These come with an 11-inch touchscreen in Economy with a touchpad controller, and a 16-inch touchscreen in Business with a 4.7-inch touchscreen remote. Newspapers and magazines are provided to all passengers on board all flights.[163] 6 international television channels are available on board the Boeing 777-300ER.[164]

Immigration On-Board (IoB)[edit]

Immigration on Board (IoB) was a special service created by Garuda Indonesia to provide more convenience for passengers traveling to Indonesia. With this service, in cooperation with the Directorate General of Immigration, an agency under Indonesian Ministry of Law and Human Rights, Garuda Indonesia passengers on certain long-haul flights could complete their immigration process on-board before landing and disembarking.

By using this service, Garuda Indonesia passengers did not have to queue at the immigration counter upon arrival at Ngurah Rai International Airport in Denpasar or Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta.[165][166] The service was stopped since 2014.

Ticketing[edit]

Former Garuda Indonesia ticket sales counter at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport

A Jakarta-based 24-hour call center is available for local customer access where payment can be made by credit cards, internet/mobile banking or transfers via ATM. Recently online booking from their website is also possible with payment can be made online with credit cards from select countries.

In April 2011, Garuda Indonesia announced plans to develop online sales. Garuda Indonesia had cooperated with Visa and MasterCard to develop an online credit card payment system, allowing customers to use PayPal. Debit card payments may be processed with Bank Mandiri, BCA or BII.[167][168]

Frequent-flyer program[edit]

GarudaMiles logo.

Garuda Frequent Flyer, Garuda Indonesia's frequent-flyer program was launched in September 1999.[169] In 2005, Garuda Indonesia relaunched its Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) with a new look, benefits and services. The new program allows members to earn miles on domestic and international flights and has four tiers of membership covering GFF Junior, Blue, Silver, Gold, and Platinum status levels. Since June 2011 Garuda Indonesia launched a joint frequent flyer program with Korean Air. Members of the Garuda Frequent Flyer (GFF) program and Korean Air's SkyPass program will benefit from the cooperation by accruing mileage for flying both Korean Air and Garuda or any Garuda–Korean Air code share flights.[170]

From 27 March 2014, due to joining SkyTeam, Garuda Indonesia announced that Garuda Frequent Flyer renamed as GarudaMiles.[171][172][173] In 2017, Citilink's frequent-flyer program, Supergreen, merged with GarudaMiles, dubbed 'Supergreen GarudaMiles',[174] before merging fully with GarudaMiles.[175] Now, GarudaMiles served as Garuda Indonesia and Citilink's frequent-flyer program.

As of 2019, besides Garuda, Citilink, and SkyTeam members (with exception of Alitalia, as currently, Garuda can only earn miles from Alitalia flights), GarudaMiles members can earn and spend their miles with Etihad Airways and All Nippon Airways.[176][177] GarudaMiles members previously able to earn and spend miles with India's Jet Airways before Jet's demise in 2019.

Lounge[edit]

Business Lounge at Terminal 3 of Soekarno-Hatta Airport
Garuda Indonesia Business Lounge at Hang Nadim Airport

Business Class lounge[edit]

The Garuda Business Lounge is open to passengers travelling in Business Class, as well as those holding a Platinum GarudaMiles card. Lounges are located at Soekarno–Hatta International Airport and throughout Indonesia, offering food and drinks, wireless internet, showers, meeting rooms and business services.[178]

First Class lounge[edit]

Garuda Indonesia First Class Lounge is located only in Soekarno–Hatta International Airport. The lounge's facilities include reading materials, a small library, cigar room, kitchen, Prayer room (Musholla), nursery room, toilets (including ones for disabled individuals), showers, and a self-playing piano. The lounge also provides food and beverages.

Sponsorships[edit]

Garuda Indonesia was the official sponsor of the 2011 Southeast Asian Games. Garuda Indonesia also supports the "Wonderful Indonesia" tourism campaign by placing the "Wonderful Indonesia" logo in their promotional materials as well as on the hulls of their aircraft.[179]

Garuda Indonesia Airbus A330-300 in Liverpool FC onboard marking at Liverpool John Lennon Airport

In July 2012, Garuda Indonesia signed a 3-year sponsorship deal with Premier League club Liverpool FC. The agreement gives Garuda Indonesia the right to be the Official Partner of Liverpool Football Club and the Official Global Airline Partner of Liverpool Football Club. In addition, a six-minute advertisement video of Garuda Indonesia will be broadcast during matches held at the Liverpool FC home ground, Anfield, for the 2012–2014 season.[180][181]

This collaboration with Liverpool will give Garuda Indonesia media exposure to increase brand awareness in the international market more effectively with more maximal benefits, given the brand Garuda Indonesia will get a higher frequency of delivery with a longer broadcast duration. In 2013, Liverpool toured Asia with one of the countries the goal was Indonesia. Through the tour visit, it is expected that this visit will improve the quality of football matches in Indonesia.[180]

To support the visit target of 20 million tourists in 2019, Garuda Indonesia will increase the number of aircraft fleets that have been installed with the 'Wonderful Indonesia' logo on their aircraft starting this year. Business Director of Garuda Indonesia, Handayani at the Tourism Ministry's End-of-Year Press Conference at Sapta Pesona Building, Ministry of Tourism Office of the Republic of Indonesia, Jakarta said, in February 2016 there will be at least five additional Garuda Indonesia aircraft that have the Wonderful Indonesia logo as a form of cooperation between Garuda Indonesia and the Ministry of Tourism. "Hopefully it can support Indonesia's tourism," said Handayani. Also, Garuda Indonesia will provide tourism support in the form of developing flight routes by strengthening flight routes that are superior in the tourism sector, such as Labuan Bajo, Lombok, and Wakatobi.[182]

Market share[edit]

Aviation market share in Indonesia (2021)[183]

  Lion Air (29.7%)
  Citilink (22.6%)
  Batik Air (21.8%)
  Garuda Indonesia (10.5%)
  Wings Air (7.9%)
  Sriwijaya Air (3.3%)
  Other (2.52%)

For most of modern Indonesian history, Garuda Indonesia has dominated the Indonesian air travel market share. However, started in 2000, Lion Air started to grow and become a serious rival in domestic air travel in Indonesia. By the time COVID-19 pandemic were still underway in mid-2021, Lion Air still holds the majority Indonesia's domestic air travel market share by 29.7%, while Garuda Indonesia came in fourth with 10.5% share. Citilink came in second with a market share of 22.6%, followed by Lion's full-service subsidiary Batik (8.9%). Lion Air's regional flight service Wings Air holds a 7.9% share. Indonesia AirAsia, a unit of the Malaysian budget airline, had a 1.9% market share.[183]

Overall, Indonesian domestic air travel business is overwhelmingly ruled by two groups; Lion Air group and Garuda Indonesia group. In 2021, Lion Air group accounted for 59.4% of market share, while Garuda Indonesia group had a 33.1% market share.[184]

For international routes, Garuda Indonesia has identified four airlines that became the benchmark to improve their service and to compete to be the world's best airline. The serious rivals for Garuda Indonesia's international routes are Singapore Airlines, Qatar Airways, Emirates and Cathay Pacific.[185]

Incidents and accidents[edit]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

  1. ^ "Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Tbk". Indonesia Stock Exchange. Retrieved 28 June 2022.
  2. ^ "Contact Us". Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 13 October 2016.
  3. ^ "Board Of Commissioners". Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 11 July 2022.
  4. ^ a b c d e f "Annual Report 2022" (PDF). Garuda Indonesia. 2023. Retrieved 14 October 2023.
  5. ^ a b "1995/96: Garuda Indonesia International Network". airlineroute.net.
  6. ^ "Citilink officially separates from Garuda today". The Jakarta Post. 30 July 2012. Archived from the original on 9 April 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  7. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Group Ambil Alih Operasional Sriwijaya Air Group". KOMPAS (in Indonesian). 14 November 2018. Retrieved 14 November 2018.
  8. ^ a b Casius, Gerard; Postma, Thijs (1986). 40 jaar luchtvaart in Indië (in Dutch). Alkmaar. ISBN 978-9060139448.
  9. ^ Monument Ri Seulawah Archived 9 March 2014 at the Wayback Machine
  10. ^ a b c "About Garuda Indonesia". Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  11. ^ "About". garuda-indonesia.com.
  12. ^ a b "Reyn Altin Johannes Lumenta", Apa dan Siapa (What and Who), Pusat Data dan Analisa (Centre of Data and Analysis), Tempo Indonesia Archived 15 January 2013 at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 28 April 1979. 1377 Archived 4 January 2016 at the Wayback Machine
  14. ^ a b c "Aviation reports news and data on a single platform". Flightglobal.com.
  15. ^ Garuda Indonesia – Company History Archived 22 January 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Fundinguniverse.com. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  16. ^ "WikiLeaks US Cables Point to BIN Role in Munir Murder". Archived from the original on 26 June 2015. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  17. ^ "Pilot guilty of activist murder". BBC. 25 January 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  18. ^ "Denied letter, activists to push to reopen Munir case". The Jakarta Post. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  19. ^ "Judicial Commission tells Garuda to pay". The Jakarta Post. 20 February 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  20. ^ "Court summons Garuda over Munir death compensation". The Jakarta Post. 14 June 2011. Archived from the original on 18 October 2013. Retrieved 6 September 2013.
  21. ^ Clark, Nicola (28 June 2007). "EU set to ban flights of Indonesia carriers". The New York Times. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  22. ^ "Indonesian carriers banned from EU". United Press International. 28 June 2007. Retrieved 10 December 2010.
  23. ^ "EU to audit Indonesian airlines with focus on safety, procedures". thejakartapost.com. Archived from the original on 12 August 2009.
  24. ^ "e-Travel Blackboard". e-Travel Blackboard. Archived from the original on 4 August 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  25. ^ "Indonesian president delays European visit after flight ban: Asia World". Earthtimes.org. Archived from the original on 2 February 2014. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  26. ^ Sukarsono, Achmad. (15 July 2009) Garuda Indonesia May Fly to Europe After EU Lifts Ban (Update2). Bloomberg. Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  27. ^ As Ban Is Lifted, Garuda Launches Expansion Plan | Embassy of Indonesia Ottawa Archived 13 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine. Indonesia-ottawa.org (15 July 2009). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  28. ^ a b c ""Quantum Leap" planned for post-EU ban Garuda". eTurbo News. 23 July 2009. Archived from the original on 21 September 2011. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  29. ^ Primastuti Handayani (6 March 2010). "Garuda says Schipol first step to 'Quantum Leap'". The Jakarta Post. Archived from the original on 2 May 2012. Retrieved 9 December 2010.
  30. ^ "ECENTRAL". Retrieved 1 August 2009.[dead link]
  31. ^ "Program [sic] "Quantum Leap", Garuda Kejar Laba Rp 3,7 Triliun". Kompas. 23 July 2009. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  32. ^ Quantum Leap Ekspansi Agresif Garuda Indonesia Archived 26 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Mediaindonesia.com (23 February 2009). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  33. ^ Garuda Indonesia revitalises (Updated) – Business Traveller Asia Archived 8 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine. Asia.businesstraveller.com (23 July 2009). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  34. ^ "The man who turned Garuda around" Archived 3 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine The Malaysian Insider 26 August 2009
  35. ^ Garuda Indonesia | Refresh | Indonesia – The Work – Creativity – Campaign Asia-Pacific Archived 4 August 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Brand Republic.asia (28 July 2009). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  36. ^ Fresh look Archived 4 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. The Jakarta Post (29 May 2010). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  37. ^ "FARNBOROUGH: Garuda orders six A330s". Retrieved 21 July 2010.
  38. ^ "Garuda to open third hub in Makassar". The Jakarta Post. 28 May 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  39. ^ "Garuda, Sriwijaya ink purchase deals in Paris". The Jakarta Post. 22 June 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  40. ^ "Garuda Indonesia finalises order for 25 A320 Family aircraft Citilink A320neo – INTERNATIONAL AVIATION NEWS". Aviationnews.eu. 9 August 2011. Archived from the original on 24 May 2013. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  41. ^ "Garuda IPO Lost Altitude on Poor Planning, Analyst Says". Jakarta Globe. 11 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  42. ^ "Trans Airways buys 10.9% stake in Garuda". 28 April 2012.
  43. ^ "Garuda Indonesia is to be confirmed as the world's newest 5-Star Airline". Airlinequality.com. 11 December 2014. Archived from the original on 15 December 2014. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  44. ^ "Garuda Indonesia unveils 'Quick Wins' cost-cutting drive".
  45. ^ "Paris Air Show spending spree begins with big Garuda order". The Independent. Archived from the original on 25 September 2015. Retrieved 28 August 2017.
  46. ^ "Pro dan Kontra soal Live Music di Dalam Pesawat Garuda Indonesia". kumparan (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  47. ^ Gunawan, Arif. "Wah! Ada yang Aneh dari Laba Garuda pada 2018 - Halaman 2". market (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  48. ^ "Membedah Keanehan Laporan Keuangan Garuda Indonesia 2018". ekonomi. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  49. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (19 July 2019). "Kronologi Youtuber Rius Vernandes Dilaporkan Garuda Indonesia hingga Berakhir Damai Halaman all". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  50. ^ Billock, Jennifer (19 July 2019). "Garuda Indonesia Throws Tantrum After Bad Review". FlyerTalk - The world's most popular frequent flyer community-US. Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  51. ^ Mediatama, Grahanusa (5 December 2019). "Terbukti selundupkan onderdil moge Harley, Erick Tohir pecat Dirut Garuda - Page all". kontan.co.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  52. ^ Putri, Cantika Adinda. "Pecat Dirut Garuda, Ini Pernyataan Lengkap Erick Thohir". news (in Indonesian). Retrieved 5 December 2019.
  53. ^ Liputan6.com (10 December 2019). "Derita Pilu Awak Kabin Garuda Indonesia, Dilarang Terbang hingga Mutasi Seenaknya". liputan6.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 December 2019.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  54. ^ Afriyadi, Achmad Dwi. "Pramugari Garuda Bisa Dimutasi Tanpa Alasan di Era Ari Askhara". detikfinance. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  55. ^ a b Dirgantara, Dimas Fitra. "Pramugari Garuda Indonesia Bongkar Skandal Ari Askhara Selama Memimpin". IDN Times (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  56. ^ "Dituntut 18 Jam Tak Tidur dan Terbang Bolak-balik Jakarta-Melbourne dalam Sehari, Pramugari Garuda Indonesia Bongkar Borok Mengerikan Kepemimpinan Ari Askhara: Kami Manusia, Bukan Robot! - Grid.ID". www.grid.id (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  57. ^ Afriyadi, Achmad Dwi. "Sederet Kebijakan 'Kejam' Ari Askhara di Garuda Mulai Dicabut". detikfinance. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  58. ^ "Kini Giliran Pramugari Garuda Bongkar Kasus Pelecehan Seksual di Era Ari Askhara Menjabat Dirut". Tribunnews.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  59. ^ "5 Poin Dugaan Prostitusi Garuda, Pengakuan Pramugari soal Germo". suara.com (in Indonesian). 11 December 2019. Retrieved 12 December 2019.
  60. ^ "Former air hostess Siwi Widi Purwanti drops defamation charges against whistleblower of Garuda Indonesia's prostitution scandal". Coconuts Jakarta. 31 August 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  61. ^ "Erick Thohir demands end to sexual harassment in SOEs amid Garuda Indonesia scandal". The Jakarta Post. 13 December 2019. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  62. ^ "Garuda lays off 180 contract pilots". The Jakarta Post. 3 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  63. ^ Adjie, Moch. Fiqih Prawira (17 June 2020). "Garuda to drop face masks after passengers complain they can't see cabin crew's smiles". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  64. ^ "Garuda drops plan to replace face masks for cabin crew". The Jakarta Post. 19 June 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  65. ^ Idris, Muhammad (21 October 2021). "Nasib Garuda di Ujung Tanduk" [Garuda's fate at the end of the horn]. KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  66. ^ Indonesia, C. N. N. "Garuda Indonesia Pangkas 2.400 Karyawan Sejak Pandemi". ekonomi (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  67. ^ wel. "Utang Garuda Indonesia Tembus Rp140 Triliun per Kuartal III 2021". ekonomi (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  68. ^ Idris, Muhammad (23 October 2021). "Pemerintah Diam-diam Siapkan Maskapai Pelita, Andai Garuda Ditutup" [Government Secretly Prepares Pelita Airline, If Garuda Closes]. KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  69. ^ Idris, Muhammad (24 October 2021). "Profil Pelita Air, Maskapai Pengganti Andai Garuda Ditutup Halaman all" [Profile of Pelita Air, Substitute Airline If Garuda Closed All]. KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 24 October 2021.
  70. ^ vap. "Janji yang Terakhir, Garuda Ajukan Perpanjangan PKPU 30 Hari". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  71. ^ Asmara, Chandra Gian. "Sah! Panja Komisi VI DPR Sepakat Selamatkan Garuda Indonesia". CNBC Indonesia (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  72. ^ "Tim PKPU Garuda Indonesia (GIAA) Akui Klaim Utang Rp120,5 Triliun | Market". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 8 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  73. ^ "Lolos PKPU, Garuda (GIAA) Janji Cetak Laba 3 Tahun Mendatang, Catat! | Ekonomi". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 18 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  74. ^ "Garuda Indonesia (GIAA) Cari Dana Rp16,4 Triliun Lewat Global Bond dan Penerbitan Saham Baru | Market". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 10 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  75. ^ "Tok! Garuda (GIAA) Lolos PKPU, 97 Persen Kreditur Siap Berdamai | Market". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 17 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  76. ^ "Jika Lolos PKPU, Garuda (GIAA) Bakal Tunggu Tagihan Boeing 30 Hari Lagi | Market". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 17 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  77. ^ "Putusan Homologasi Garuda Indonesia GIAA Ditunda karena 2 Lessor Keberatan | Market". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 20 June 2022. Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  78. ^ "Garuda Indonesia files for Chapter 15 U.S. bankruptcy procedure". Reuters. 26 September 2022. Retrieved 4 October 2022.
  79. ^ Indonesia, C. N. N. "Penyidikan Korupsi Garuda Rampung, Kerugian Negara Ditaksir Rp8,8 T". nasional (in Indonesian). Retrieved 25 June 2022.
  80. ^ "Asia's leading airline industry gathering – Aviation Outlook Asia 2014". terrapinn.com. Archived from the original on 20 October 2012. Retrieved 19 January 2013.
  81. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber. "Pahala Nugraha Mansury, Bankir yang Kini Jadi "Pilot" Garuda Indonesia - Kompas.com". KOMPAS.com. Retrieved 12 April 2017.
  82. ^ a b "Garuda Indonesia". Landor Associates. Retrieved 14 September 2012.
  83. ^ "Logo Garuda Indonesia Dari Waktu Ke Waktu (4 Kali Berubah)". AneIqbal (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 12 July 2020. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  84. ^ "Pesawat Garuda Aja Pakai Masker, Kok Kamu Enggak?". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 1 October 2020. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
  85. ^ "Organization & Group Archived 26 April 2011 at the Wayback Machine." Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 22 June 2009. "Having a Head Office at the Soekarno-Hatta International Airport,"
  86. ^ "Soekarno-Hatta must be expanded to meet passenger demand Archived 10 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine." The Jakarta Post. Wednesday 1 September 2010. Retrieved 16 September 2010. "In this August, 2010 file photo passengers crowd the domestic terminal at Soekarno-Hatta International Airport in Tangerang, Banten."
  87. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Head Office Archived 21 June 2013 at the Wayback Machine." Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 6 June 2013. "Jl. M1. Area Perkantoran Gedung Garuda City Center, Soekarno-Hatta Internasional Airport Cengkareng 19120-Indonesia P.O.Box 1004"
  88. ^ a b "PRESIDENT SUSILO BAMBANG YUDHOYONO OFFICIALLY OPENS NEW HEAD OFFICE AND THE UNVEILING OF NEW GARUDA INDONESIA CONCEPT OF SERVICE Archived 31 December 2010 at the Wayback Machine." Garuda Indonesia. Thursday 23 July 2009. Retrieved 16 September 2010.
  89. ^ "World Airline Directory." Flight International. 3–9 April 1996. 60. "jl Merdeka Selatan 13, Jakarta 10110, Indonesia"
  90. ^ "Detail News Archived 14 October 2007 at the Wayback Machine." Garuda Indonesia. 11 October 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2010. "The Auction Committee PT. Garuda Indonesia (Persero) Gedung Garuda Indonesia, M Floor, Jl. Medan Merdeka Selatan 13, Jakarta Pusat, "
  91. ^ "UPDATE 1-Garuda $500 mln IPO kicks off busy yr in Indonesia". Reuters. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  92. ^ "UPDATE 1-Garuda Indonesia IPO to raise $526 mln, retail may lift debut". Reuters. 26 January 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  93. ^ "Garuda Indonesia". Garuda Indonesia. Archived from the original on 5 March 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  94. ^ "Garuda Indonesia". Garuda Indonesia. Archived from the original on 15 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  95. ^ "Tentang Sabre Indonesia – Sabre Indonesia". www.sabretn.co.id. Archived from the original on 26 November 2016. Retrieved 26 November 2016.
  96. ^ "Garuda Buys Stake in Gapura Angkasa to Become Majority Owner". The Jakarta Globe. Archived from the original on 12 September 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  97. ^ Idris, Muhammad (14 December 2019). "Aset Garuda Tauberes yang Bikin Erick Thohir Geli Hanya Rp 1,87 Miliar". kompas.com (in Indonesian). kompas. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  98. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Teken MoU dengan Jayawijaya Dirgantara". papuatoday.com (in Indonesian). 18 August 2018. Retrieved 23 December 2019.
  99. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Incar Tiga Rute Internasional Baru | Indo-Aviation | Aviation News Portal". Indo-Aviation. Archived from the original on 15 February 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  100. ^ Indonesia's Garuda airline to return to Europe next year Archived 18 November 2009 at the Wayback Machine. The Nation (Thailand).com (12 November 2009). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  101. ^ a b Majumdar, Anne (17 October 2012). "Garuda to codeshare with Etihad". Travel Weekly. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  102. ^ "Garuda Indonesia The Airline of Indonesia". Garuda-indonesia.com. Archived from the original on 13 April 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  103. ^ "Garuda launches Jakarta-London service". The Jakarta. 9 September 2014. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  104. ^ JL (17 March 2014). "Garuda Indonesia S14 European Operation Changes". Airline Route. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  105. ^ "Garuda Indonesia ends 2011 flying high". 13 January 2012.
  106. ^ Nursastri, Sri Anindiati, ed. (12 December 2016). "Garuda Indonesia Resmi Layani Penerbangan Jakarta-Mumbai". Kompas. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  107. ^ "Airline Suspends LAX-Bali Flights". Los Angeles Times. 29 March 1998. Retrieved 30 September 2020.
  108. ^ Media, Kompas Cyber (13 February 2017). "Garuda Indonesia Berharap Jepang Segera Keluarkan Izin Terbang ke AS". KOMPAS.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  109. ^ "Garuda Indonesia returns to Heathrow after short break". ukaviation.news. 11 November 2018. Retrieved 12 November 2018.
  110. ^ "Garuda opens London to Denpasar route". The Jakarta Post. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  111. ^ "Garuda gives SkyTeam leading presence in Southeast Asia as Garuda's international profile is raised". CAPA Centre for Aviation. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 2 January 2017.
  112. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Becomes 20th Member of SkyTeam" (Press release). SkyTeam. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  113. ^ "Garuda gives SkyTeam leading presence in Southeast Asia as Garuda's international profile is raised". Centre for Aviation. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014.
  114. ^ Garuda Indonesia-News Archived 9 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine
  115. ^ MICEBTN Archived 11 October 2009 at the Wayback Machine
  116. ^ "Blackboard news". Etravelblackboard.com. Archived from the original on 8 March 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  117. ^ "Etihad & Garuda Berbagi Rute ke Eropa, Timur Tengah, dan Australia". 26 February 2013.
  118. ^ "Garuda Indonesia & Aeromexico poised to become first Southeast Asia-Latin America codeshare partner | CAPA". Centre for Aviation. Retrieved 4 December 2013.
  119. ^ "Jet Airways signs codeshare pact with Garuda Indonesia | News". The Hindu Business Line. Archived from the original on 23 November 2013. Retrieved 19 December 2013.
  120. ^ "ANA and Garuda Indonesia announce comprehensive partnership pact". Business Standard. 19 December 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  121. ^ "Garuda Indonesia to Launch Jakarta-Doha Flight Route in Partnership with Qatar Airways". Business Standard. 7 February 2024. Retrieved 22 March 2024.
  122. ^ "CODESHARE NETWORK".
  123. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Begins Citilink Codeshare in 1Q24". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 29 February 2024.
  124. ^ "Emirates signs MoU with Garuda Indonesia". Emirates. 8 November 2021.
  125. ^ Maslen, Richard (17 March 2013). "Garuda Indonesia Signs Codeshare with Etihad Airways". Routesonline. Retrieved 26 August 2018.
  126. ^ "Garuda expands US routes with Japan Airlines code-share deal". Nikkei Asian Review.
  127. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Opens Reservation for Doha April 2024 Launch". AeroRoutes. Retrieved 6 February 2024.
  128. ^ "Saudia expands Garuda Indonesia codeshare to Australia from Sep 2018". Routesonline. 7 September 2018.
  129. ^ "Garuda Indonesia and Vietnam Airlines expand codeshare". Business Traveller. Archived from the original on 28 December 2019. Retrieved 28 December 2019.
  130. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Becomes 20th Member of SkyTeam Alliance". Skyteam. 5 March 2014. Archived from the original on 5 March 2014. Retrieved 6 March 2014.
  131. ^ "Boeing: Garuda Indonesia Celebrates 777-300ER Delivery with SkyTeam Livery". Boeing. Retrieved 25 August 2018.
  132. ^ "SkyTeam welcomes Garuda Indonesia as its 20th member". eTurboNews.com. 6 March 2014. Archived from the original on 6 March 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  133. ^ "ATR 72–600 Garuda Indonesia Terbang Perdana ke Labuan Bajo dan Bima". Archived from the original on 4 December 2013. Retrieved 16 February 2014.
  134. ^ "Orders Announced on Day 1 of the Paris Air Show".
  135. ^ "Garuda confirms 14 A330neos to replace A330 order". FlightGlobal. 19 April 2016. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  136. ^ "PICTURE: Garuda Indonesia retires last Boeing 747-400". 10 October 2017.
  137. ^ "Garuda Indonesia considering switch to 737 Max 10". FlightGlobal. 1 February 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  138. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Bakal Mendatangkan 34 Unit Boeing 737 Max 10". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). 26 January 2019. Retrieved 5 February 2019.
  139. ^ "Indonesia's Garuda cancels 49-plane Boeing 737 order after crashes". AFP. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  140. ^ "Garuda looks to scrap Boeing 737 Max [sic] order". BBC News-GB. 22 March 2019. Retrieved 24 March 2019.
  141. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Tunggu Izin Kemenhub untuk Kembali Terbangkan Boeing 737-Max". merdeka.com. 20 November 2020. Retrieved 7 December 2020.
  142. ^ a b c Rajendra, Rizqi (30 January 2024). "Bos Garuda Indonesia (GIAA) Bakal Tambah 8 Pesawat pada 2024". Bisnis.com (in Indonesian). Retrieved 30 January 2024.
  143. ^ "Airbus: No Orders, Deliveries Down". Seeking Alpha. 9 February 2021. Retrieved 9 February 2021.
  144. ^ "Garuda Indonesia to receive 14 A330neo". Airbus. Retrieved 29 December 2019.
  145. ^ "Please verify your request | Planespotters.net". www.planespotters.net. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  146. ^ "PK-BBN Garuda Indonesia Boeing 737-800(F)". www.planespotters.net. 23 January 2024. Retrieved 4 February 2024.
  147. ^ "Garuda Indonesia". Garuda Indonesia. Archived from the original on 20 May 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  148. ^ "Pengabdian Singkat Boeing 737-200C Garuda Cargo". Aviation History of Indonesia (in Indonesian). 17 February 2020. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  149. ^ "Penyerahan Aset Pesawat KLM-IIB ke GIA". Aviation History of Indonesia (in Indonesian). 14 July 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  150. ^ Garuda Indonesia History, retrieved 26 May 2022
  151. ^ "Fokker F-27 Friendship, Pesawat Transisi Garuda Indonesia Menuju Era Jet Domestik". Kabar Penumpang - Jalur Informasi Penumpang Tiga Moda. 25 October 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  152. ^ "FOKKER 28 FLEETLIST". www.fokker-aircraft.info. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  153. ^ "Garuda PK-GIB (McDonnell Douglas DC-10 – MSN 46919) | Airfleets aviation". www.airfleets.net. Retrieved 23 July 2015.
  154. ^ "Twin Pioneer : Sang Pionir Bermesin Ganda Andalan di Papua". Aviation History of Indonesia (in Indonesian). 15 November 2017. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  155. ^ "NNGLM De Kroonduif, Membuka Jalur Udara di Papua". Aviation History of Indonesia (in Indonesian). 1 March 2018. Retrieved 26 May 2022.
  156. ^ "Terbang Bersama Pesawat Garuda A330 Bisa Terhubung WiFi". 19 December 2013.
  157. ^ "Garuda Indonesia". Garuda Indonesia. Archived from the original on 17 June 2013. Retrieved 17 June 2013.
  158. ^ "Yuk, Jajal Layanan First Class Garuda Indonesia". 3 July 2013.
  159. ^ "The First Class Experience With Garuda Indonesia". Retrieved 23 July 2014.
  160. ^ Flynn, David (2 February 2016). "Garuda gets new business class for Airbus A330s". Australian Business Traveller. Retrieved 20 September 2016.
  161. ^ a b "Fly Long-Haul More Comfortably with Our ESCort and Premium Seats". www.garuda-indonesia.com. Retrieved 20 February 2019.
  162. ^ "In-flight Entertainment". Garuda Indonesia. Archived from the original on 20 January 2013. Retrieved 16 January 2013.
  163. ^ "In-Flight Service". Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  164. ^ "In-Flight Connectivity". Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 26 October 2015.
  165. ^ "Immigration on Board". Garuda Indonesia. Retrieved 22 May 2017.[permanent dead link]
  166. ^ "Flight test: Garuda's onboard immigration service – Flights | hotels | frequent flyer | business class – Australian Business Traveller". Ausbt.com.au. 4 September 2013. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  167. ^ "Garuda Indonesia targets online sales". The Jakarta Post. 28 April 2011. Archived from the original on 9 October 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  168. ^ "Garuda, BII ink deal on online payment". The Jakarta Post. 29 April 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  169. ^ detikcom: Penjelasan Pengenaan Biaya Garuda Free Flight Archived 3 January 2009 at the Wayback Machine. Suarapembaca.detik.com (3 September 2008). Retrieved 25 November 2010.
  170. ^ "Garuda teams with Korean Air on frequent flyer program". The Jakarta Post. 27 June 2011. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  171. ^ "Beranda". GarudaMiles. Archived from the original on 29 March 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  172. ^ "Layanan "GarudaMiles" Resmi Diluncurkan Garuda Indonesia | Indo-Aviation | Aviation News Portal". Indo-Aviation. Archived from the original on 1 April 2014. Retrieved 25 April 2014.
  173. ^ Roy Adi. "Beranda » GarudaMiles". Archived from the original on 7 March 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  174. ^ "GARUDA INDONESIA DAN CITILINK LUNCURKAN SUPERGREEN GARUDAMILES TINGKATKAN KENYAMANAN DAN KEUNTUNGAN PENUMPANG". www.garuda-indonesia.com. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  175. ^ "GarudaMiles". www.citilink.co.id. Archived from the original on 9 December 2019. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  176. ^ "Terbang". www.garuda-indonesia.com. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  177. ^ "Terbang". www.garuda-indonesia.com. Retrieved 6 December 2019.
  178. ^ Garuda on the ground Archived 4 November 2007 at the Wayback Machine
  179. ^ "Garuda Indonesia Dukung "Wonderful Indonesia"" (in Indonesian). Kompas.com. 21 February 2012. Retrieved 12 March 2014.
  180. ^ a b "Garuda forms partnership with Liverpool FC". 11 July 2012. Archived from the original on 12 July 2012.
  181. ^ "Garuda Indonesia signs with LFC". Liverpool FC. 12 July 2012. Archived from the original on 28 December 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2013.
  182. ^ "Garuda Indonesia akan Tempel Logo 'Wonderful Indonesia' di Pesawat | Indo-Aviation.com". Archived from the original on 31 July 2016. Retrieved 19 April 2019.
  183. ^ a b "INACA Annual Report 2021" (PDF). inaca.or.id/. Indonesia National Air Carriers Association. 22 November 2021. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  184. ^ "Lion Group Controls 60% of Domestic Aviation Market". Jakarta Globe. 26 November 2022. Retrieved 13 January 2023.
  185. ^ "Empat Maskapai Ini Dianggap Sebagai Pesaing Utama Garuda Indonesia". indo-aviation.com (in Indonesian). Archived from the original on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 18 April 2016.

Further reading[edit]

External links[edit]