Francesca da Rimini (Zandonai)

Francesca da Rimini
Opera by Riccardo Zandonai
Sketch for a set design (undated)
Librettist	Tito Ricordi
Language	Italian
Based on	Gabriele D'Annunzio's Francesca da Rimini
Premiere	19 February 1914 (1914-02-19) Teatro Regio, Turin

Francesca da Rimini, Op. 4, is an opera in four acts, composed by Riccardo Zandonai, with a libretto by Tito Ricordi II, after D'Annunzio's play Francesca da Rimini. It was premiered at the Teatro Regio in Turin on 19 February 1914 and is still staged occasionally.

This opera is Zandonai's best-known work. In the New Grove Dictionary of Opera, Renato Chiesa calls it "one of the most original and polished Italian melodramas of the 20th century, [which] combines a powerful gift for Italian melody ... with an exceptional command of orchestration." Celebrated performers of the title role have included Gilda dalla Rizza, Magda Olivero (who recorded excerpts from the opera in 1969, for Decca Records), Raina Kabaivanska and Renata Scotto.

Roles

The Death of Francesca da Rimini and Paolo Malatesta, Alexandre Cabanel, c. 1870

Roles, voice types, premiere cast

Role	Voice type	Premiere cast, 19 February 1914 Conductor: Ettore Panizza
Francesca da Rimini	soprano	Linda Cannetti
Paolo il Bello	tenor	Giulio Crimi
Giovanni lo Sciancato	baritone	Francesco Cigada
Malatestino dall'Occhio	tenor	Giordano Paltrinieri
Samaritana	soprano	Raquelita Merly
Donella	mezzo-soprano	Maria Vaccari
Garsenda	soprano	Maria Avezza
Biancofiore	soprano	Marina Polazzi
Altichiara	mezzo-soprano	Maria Marek
La Schiava (Smaragdi)	contralto	Gabriella Besanzoni
Il Balestriere	tenor	Giuseppe Nessi
Il Giullare	bass	Pompilio Malatesta
Ostasio	bass	Osvaldo Pellegrini
Ser Toldo Berardengo	tenor	Edmondo Orlandi
Il Torrigiano	baritone	Osvaldo Pellegrini
Voce del Prigioniero	tenor

Synopsis

The story takes place in Ravenna and Rimini.

Francesca, daughter of Guido I da Polenta, for state reasons, is to be married to Giovanni, known as Gianciotto, the malformed son of Malatesta da Verucchio. But as Francesca would certainly refuse to marry the lame and deformed Gianciotto, she is introduced in the first act, by means of a well-laid plot, to his handsome younger brother, Paolo, known as Il bello. Under the impression that Paolo is her destined bridegroom, Francesca falls deeply in love with him at first sight; he also falls passionately in love with her, although they do not exchange a single word.

The next act takes place on the platform of a tower of the Malatesti, while a battle rages between the Guelphs and Ghibellines. Francesca, now married to Gianciotto, meets Paolo and reproaches him for the fraud practised on her. He begs forgiveness and reveals his intense passion for her. Gianciotto brings the news of Paolo's election as Captain of the People and Commune of Florence. Paolo departs for Florence.

In the third act Francesca, in her luxurious apartment, is reading the story of Lancelot and Guinevere to her women. They then dance and sing in celebration of the advent of Spring, until, on a whispered word from her slave, Francesca dismisses them. Paolo, sick with longing for her, has returned from Florence. He enters; they continue reading the story of Guinevere together, until, no longer in control of their feelings, they let their lips meet in a long kiss.

In the fourth act, Malatestino, Gianciotto's youngest brother, who himself lusts for Francesca, has discovered her secret meetings with Paolo. After Francesca refuses to give in to his sexual advances, Malatestino betrays Francesca and Paolo to Gianciotto, who determines to find out the truth for himself. Accordingly, Gianciotto lies in wait outside Francesca's door, and surprising her and Paolo together at early dawn, he slays them both.

Selected recordings

Year	Cast: Francesca, Paolo, Gianciotto, Malatestino	Conductor, opera house and orchestra	Label
1950	Maria Caniglia, Giacinto Prandelli, Carlo Tagliabue, Mario Carlin	Antonio Guarnieri, RAI Roma orchestra and chorus	CD: Urania Records Cat: WS121192
1959	Magda Olivero, Mario Del Monaco, Giampiero Malaspina,	Gianandrea Gavazzeni, La Scala, Milan	CD: Myto Cat: 0801439902404
1984	Renata Scotto, Plácido Domingo, Cornell MacNeil, William Lewis	James Levine, Metropolitan Opera orchestra and chorus	DVD: Deutsche Grammophon Cat: 00440 073 4313

Further reading

• Modern Music and Musicians, vol. 1. The University Society, New York. (1918)
• The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, ed. Stanley Sadie, 1992

External links

• Francesca da Rimini: Scores at the International Music Score Library Project
• Libretto