File:Haitz-law.svg
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Summary
| Description |
English: Plot of Haitz's law of the luminosity per package of LEDs increasing exponentially over time, while the cost per lumen drops exponentially.
Feel free to add new data points and upload updated versions using the provided Matplotlib code. New data points must be the best values (highest luminosity per package or lowest price per luminosity) at their given time of publication. |
| Date | |
| Source | Own work |
| Author | Geek3 |
| Other versions |
|
| SVG development |  This W3C-invalid icon was created with Matplotlib. |
| SVG development | This plot was created with Matplotlib. |
| Source code | Python code#! /usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding:utf8 -*-
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
import scipy.optimize as op
from math import *
# data: "The case for a national research program on semiconductor lighting" Sandia Report (2000), "Solid-state lighting", Optik & Photonik 2 (2011), and others
# flux in lm/W
flux = zip(
(1968, 0.001, 'GaAsP'),
(1970, 0.0027, 'GaAsP'),
(1972, 0.0041, 'GaAsP'),
(1974, 0.035, 'GaAsPN'),
(1980, 0.062, 'GaAsPN'),
(1983, 0.12, 'GaAlAs'),
(1987, 0.41, 'GaAlAs'),
(1989, 0.78, 'GaAlAs'),
(1992, 1.2, 'GaAlInP'),
(1995, 2.6, 'GaAlInP'),
(1996, 3.9, 'GaAlInP'),
(1998, 11., 'GaAlInP'),
(1999, 17., 'GaAlInP'),
(2000, 46., 'GaAlInP'),
(2005, 170., 'GaAlInP'),
(2003, 110., 'GaInN'),
(2006, 310., 'GaInN'),
(2007, 460., 'GaInN'),
(2009, 1.7e3, 'GaInN'),
(2010, 5.3e3, 'GaInN')
)
# cost in $/lm
cost = zip(
(1973, 53., 'GaAsP'),
(1976, 9.2, 'GaAsPN'),
(1979, 6.2, 'GaAsPN'),
(1981, 3.6, 'GaAsPN'),
(1983, 2.1, 'GaAlAs'),
(1987, 0.64, 'GaAlAs'),
(1989, 0.32, 'GaAlAs'),
(1994, 0.28, 'GaAlInP'),
(1996, 0.14, 'GaAlInP'),
(1997, 0.10, 'GaAlInP'),
(1999, 0.099, 'GaAlInP'),
(2000, 0.077, 'GaAlInP'),
(2001, 0.059, 'GaAlInP'),
(2003, 0.022, 'GaAlInP'),
(2005, 0.017, 'GaAlInP'),
(2007, 0.0096, 'GaInN'),
(2009, 0.0076, 'GaInN'),
(2010, 0.0038, 'GaInN')
)
fig = plt.figure(figsize=(520 / 90.0, 340 / 90.0), dpi=72)
plt.plot(flux[0], flux[1], 'ro', mew=0.8, label='flux / package [lm]')
plt.plot(cost[0], cost[1], 'bD', mew=0.8, label='cost / lumen [$/lm]')
def line(p, x):
return p[0] * (x - p[1])
flux_line = op.minimize(lambda p, x, y: sum((line(p, x) - np.log10(y))**2), x0=(0.1, 2000), args=(np.array(flux[0]), np.array(flux[1])))
trange = np.linspace(1967.5, 2016, 100)
plt.plot(trange, 10**line(flux_line.x, np.array(trange)), 'r-')
cost_line = op.minimize(lambda p, x, y: sum((line(p, x) - np.log10(y))**2), x0=(0.1, 2000), args=(np.array(cost[0]), np.array(cost[1])))
plt.plot(trange, 10**line(cost_line.x, np.array(trange)), 'b-')
plt.gca().tick_params(axis='both', which='major', labelsize=14.4)
plt.gca().set_yscale('log')
plt.grid(True)
plt.xlim(1966, 2017)
plt.ylim(0.6e-3, 1e4)
plt.legend(loc='upper left')
plt.tight_layout()
plt.savefig('Haitz-law.svg')
|
.svg)
Licensing
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- You are free:
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- Under the following conditions:
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- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
File history
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| Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| current | 21:01, 17 December 2017 | | 520 × 340 (59 KB) | Geek3 | bugfix |
| 20:55, 17 December 2017 |  | 520 × 340 (59 KB) | Geek3 | User created page with UploadWizard |
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