English: "Average rate of ice thickness change in the (a) Southern Hemisphere and (b) Northern Hemisphere. Changes in Antarctic (1992–2017) and Greenland ice sheet (1992–2018) thickness were estimated using repeat satellite altimetry following the methods of Shepherd et al. (2019). Sea ice thickness trends between 1990 and 2019 are determined from numerical sea ice and ocean modelling (Zhang and Rothrock, 2003), as well as the average minimum of sea ice extent in February (Antarctic) and September (Arctic) (purple lines) for each decade during the same period. Glacier thickness change between 1992 and 2018 for glacier regions defined in the Randolph Glacier Inventory (RGI Consortium, 2017) (black boundaries) are from mass change estimates (Braun et al., 2019; Foresta et al., 2016; Jakob et al., 2020; Tepes et al., 2021; Wouters et al., 2019; Zemp et al., 2019b) which have been converted to a thickness change assuming an ice density of 850 kg m−3. The black circle at the south pole indicates the southern limit of the orbit of ERS and ENVISAT satellite altimeters, which were in operation between 1992 and 2010. The area between 81.5 and 88∘ S has been covered by CryoSat-2, which launched in 2010."