Exochomus quadripustulatus

Exochomus quadripustulatus
	Adult Exochomus quadripustulatus
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Coccinellidae
Subfamily:	Chilocorinae
Tribe:	Chilocorini
Genus:	Exochomus
Species:	E. quadripustulatus
Binomial name
	Exochomus quadripustulatus; (Linnaeus, 1758)
Synonyms
	Brumus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus, 1758) ; Coccinella quadripustulata (Linnaeus, 1758);

Exochomus quadripustulatus, common name pine ladybird or pine lady beetle, is a species of beetle of the family Coccinellidae.^[1]^[2]^[3] The distribution range of E. quadripustulatus includes Europe, Northern Asia (excluding China), and North America.^[2]

Description[edit]

Exochomus quadripustulatus can reach a length of about 4-6 millimeters. It is almost circular, convex and shining, with a flange around the base. The color is quite variable and may change with ageing. Usually elytra are black with two larger red comma-shaped spots and two smaller red round or oval spots. The color of these spots can also be orange or yellow, but completely reddish brown specimens may occur. The pine ladybird in both adult and larval stages preys aphids and scale insects, especially Diaspidiotus perniciosus. Adults overwinter.

Distribution[edit]

This species is present in most of Europe, in the eastern Palearctic realm, and in the Near East. It was first recorded in Ireland (County Armagh) in 2014.^[4]

Habitat[edit]

This fairly common ladybug can be found from April to October on conifers and in areas with deciduous trees, but it can also occur elsewhere.

Gallery[edit]

Larva
Pupa
Newly emerged adult
Adult, reddish form

References[edit]

^ bugguide.net Brumus quadripustulatus species information.
^ ^a ^b Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)
^ Encyclopedia of Life Brumus quadripustulatus species overview.
^ Foster, S.; Nelson, B.; Anderson, R. (2018). "Pine ladybird Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus) (Coccinellidae) new to Ireland". The Coleopterist. 27 (3): 114.

External links[edit]

NCBI Taxonomy Browser, Brumus quadripustulatus
Stippen.nl Archived 2018-11-28 at the Wayback Machine
Nature Spots
Bug Guide
El arbol de la vida^{[permanent dead link]}

Further reading[edit]

American Beetles, Volume II: Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea, Arnett, R.H. Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley and J. H. Frank. (eds.). 2002. CRC Press LLC, Boca Raton, Florida.
American Insects: A Handbook of the Insects of America North of Mexico, Ross H. Arnett. 2000. CRC Press.
Kovár, Ivo (1995). Revision of the Genera Brumus Muls. and Exochomus Redtb. (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of the Palaearctic Region. Part I. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, vol. 44, 5–124.
Peterson Field Guides: Beetles, Richard E. White. 1983. Houghton Mifflin Company.
The Coccinellidae (Coleoptera) of America North of Mexico, Robert D. Gordon. 1985. Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Vol. 93, No. 1.
Vandenberg, Natalia J. / Arnett, Ross H. Jr., M. C. Thomas, P. E. Skelley, and J. H. Frank, eds. (2002). Family 93; Coccinellidae Latreille 1807. American Beetles, vol. 2; Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea, 371–389.

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[bugref-1] ugguide.net Brumus quadripustulatus species information.

[itis-2] Integrated Taxonomic Information System (ITIS)

[eol-3] Encyclopedia of Life Brumus quadripustulatus species overview.

[4] Foster, S.; Nelson, B.; Anderson, R. (2018). "Pine ladybird Exochomus quadripustulatus (Linnaeus) (Coccinellidae) new to Ireland". The Coleopterist. 27 (3): 114.

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