Infundibulicybe gibba
| Infundibulicybe gibba | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | |
| Division: | |
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| Species: | I. gibba
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| Binomial name | |
| Infundibulicybe gibba (Pers.) Harmaja (2003)
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| Synonyms | |
Infundibulicybe gibba | |
|---|---|
 | Gills on hymenium |
 | Cap is infundibuliform |
 | Hymenium is decurrent |
 | Stipe is bare |
 | Spore print is white |
 | Ecology is saprotrophic |
 | Edibility is edible but not recommended |
Infundibulicybe gibba (also known as Clitocybe gibba), and commonly known as the common funnel[1] or funnel cap,[2] is a species of gilled mushroom which is common in European woods.
Naming[edit]
The epithet gibba comes from the Latin adjective "gibbus", meaning "humped" or "gibbous".[3]
This species was originally described by the mycologist Christiaan Hendrik Persoon in 1801 as Agaricus gibbus, at a time when gilled mushrooms were generally all assigned to genus Agaricus.[4] Then in 1871 in his guide to mycology ("Der Führer in die Pilzkunde"), Paul Kummer allocated the species to the genus Clitocybe, which previously (according to the system of Fries) had only been a tribe within genus Agaricus.[5]
In 2003 Harri Harmaja created the new genus Infundibulicybe for some of the larger members of the former Clitocybe and he included Infundibulicybe gibba as the type species.[6][7][4][8]
Clitocybe catinus[edit]
Clitocybe catinus is described as differing from C. gibba by having white cap with occationally some pink tonality and its slight smell of flour.[9]
Harmaja (2003) gave it a new name Infundibulicybe catinus.[8]
Vizzini et al. (2011) listed it a color variant of Infundibulicybe gibba.[10]
Clitocybe infundibuliformis[edit]
The older name Clitocybe infundibuliformis is often identified as a synonym of I. gibba,[11][12][7] but according to Species Fungorum that use was incorrect and the original C. infundibuliformis was a different mushroom.[4]
The name infundibuliformis derives from the Latin "infundibulum", a funnel, with the suffix "-formis" - so it means "funnel-shaped".[13]
Description[edit]
This section uses the given references throughout.[11][12][6][7]
- The matt slightly felted cap grows from about 3 cm to 9 cm, and is beige to tan, also sometimes with a pink tinge.[14] It soon becomes funnel-shaped but often has a small bulge (an "umbo") in the centre.
- There is no ring or other veil remnant. The stem is white or whitish and about 2–8 cm long and 1 cm in diameter.[14]
- The white gills are crowded and very decurrent (running down the stem).[14]
- It has a faint "cyanic" smell, like new-mown hay, and the taste is mild. However, there is also a central European variety "adstringens" which has an unpleasant taste.[12]
- The tear-shaped spores are white[14] and around 5.5–8 µm by 4–5 µm.
Distribution, habitat, ecology and human impact[edit]
This gregarious saprobic mushroom grows on soil in deciduous or (less commonly) coniferous woods and may be found from summer to autumn. It sometimes forms fairy rings.
It is very common throughout Europe, and occurs in North America and Japan.[15][12]
It is edible when young, but said to be of mediocre quality. It can be fried or used in risottos or soups etc. The stems are tough and may be discarded.[16][11][1] The species resembles some which are poisonous.[14]
An extract of I. gibba exhibits inhibitory activity on thrombin.[17]
Similar species[edit]
The species resembles Infundibulicybe squamulosa and Pseudoclitocybe cyathiformis.[14]
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm. - Common Funnel". First Nature. Pat O'Reilly. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ Arora, David (1986). Mushrooms demystified: a comprehensive guide to the fleshy fungi (Second ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-0-89815-169-5.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "gibbus". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b c "Infundibulicybe gibba page". Species Fungorum. Royal Botanic Gardens Kew. Retrieved 2019-07-30.
- ^ Kummer, Paul (1871). Der Führer in die Pilzkunde ... [The Guide to Mycology ...] (in German). Zerbst: E. Luppe. p. 123.
- ^ a b Eyssartier, G.; Roux, P. (2013). Le guide des champignons France et Europe (in French). Belin. p. 572. ISBN 978-2-7011-8289-6.
- ^ a b c Knudsen, H.; Vesterholt, J., eds. (2018). Funga Nordica Agaricoid, boletoid, clavarioid, cyphelloid and gasteroid genera. Copenhagen: Nordsvamp. p. 469. ISBN 978-87-983961-3-0.
- ^ a b Harmaja H (2003). "Notes on Clitocybe s. lato (Agaricales)". Annales Botanici Fennici. 40 (1): 213–218.
- ^ "Infundibulicybe gibba". Funghi in Italia - Fiori in Italia - Forum Micologia e Botanica. Retrieved 23 October 2018.
- ^ Vizzini A, Contu M, Musumeci E, Ercole E (2011). "A new taxon in the Infundibulicybe gibba complex (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Tricholomataceae) from Sardinia (Italy)". Mycologia. 103 (1): 203–208. doi:10.3852/10-137. hdl:2318/76272.
- ^ a b c Bon, Marcel (1987). The Mushrooms and Toadstools of Britain and North-Western Europe. Hodder & Stoughton. p. 134. ISBN 0-340-39935-X.
- ^ a b c d Courtecuisse, R.; Duhem, B. (2013). Champignons de France et d'Europe (in French). Delachaux et Niestlé. p. 212. ISBN 978-2-603-02038-8. Also available in English.
- ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles. "infundĭbŭlum". A Latin Dictionary. Perseus Digital Library. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ a b c d e f Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp. 153–154. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
- ^ "Clitocybe gibba (Pers.) P. Kumm". Global Biodiversity Information Facility. OECD. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ "Clitocybe gibba". Asociación Micológica El Royo (in Spanish). Asociación Micológica El Royo. Retrieved 2019-07-28.
- ^ Doljak, B.; Stegnar, M.; Urleb, U.; Kreft, S.; Umek, A.; Ciglarič, M.; Štrukelj, B.; Popovič, T. (2001). "Screening for selective thrombin inhibitors in mushrooms". Blood Coagulation and Fibrinolysis. 12 (2): 123–8. doi:10.1097/00001721-200103000-00006. PMID 11302474. S2CID 28411589.