Bryan Edwards (politician)
Bryan Edwards FRS | |
|---|---|
 Portrait by Lemuel Francis Abbott | |
| Member of Parliament for Grampound | |
| In office 28 May 1796 – 16 July 1800 | |
| Preceded by | Thomas Wallace, 1st Baron Wallace |
| Succeeded by | Sir Christopher Hawkins, 1st Baronet |
| Personal details | |
| Born | 21 May 1743 Westbury, Wiltshire |
| Died | 16 July 1800 (aged 57) Southampton |
| Nationality | British |
| Spouse | Martha Phipps |
| Parents |
|
Bryan Edwards, FRS (21 May 1743 – 15/16 July 1800) was an English politician and historian born in Westbury, Wiltshire. Edwards supported the slave trade, and was described by abolitionist William Wilberforce as a powerful opponent.[1]
Family[edit]
He was the eldest son of Bryan Edwards (died 1756) and his wife, Elizabeth Bayly, sister of Zachary Bayly, a slave-owner in Jamaica.[2][3] After his father's death he was supported for a time by Nathaniel Bayly, another uncle, but they fell out.[4] His maintenance and education were then undertaken by Zachary Bayly. About 1759, Edwards joined Zachary in Jamaica, and Bayly engaged a private tutor to complete the boy's education.[1]
When Bayly died Edwards inherited his wealth, including six Jamaican plantations.[4] In 1773 he also succeeded to the estate of another Jamaica resident, named Hume.[1]
Edwards married Martha Phipps, daughter of Thomas Phipps of Leighton House, Westbury;[5] they had one surviving son and a daughter. He left the bulk of his estates to the son, Zacchary Hume Edwards, when he died in Southampton in 1800.[1][4]
Career[edit]
Politics[edit]
Edwards became a leading member of the colonial assembly of Jamaica, but in a few years returned to England.[1]
In 1782 Edwards tried and failed to secure a seat in Parliament as member for Chichester. He was in Jamaica again from 1787 to 1792. He then settled in England as a West India merchant, making another failed attempt to enter Parliament in 1795, this time standing in Southampton.
On 28 May 1796, he became Member of Parliament for Grampound, a notoriously corrupt Cornish borough, along with Robert Sewell,[6] another pro-slavery politician with interests in Jamaica. Edwards retained this seat until his death.[1]
Publications[edit]
In 1784 Edwards wrote Thoughts on the late Proceedings of Government respecting the Trade of the West India Islands with the United States of America, in which he attacked the restrictions placed by the government upon trade with the United States. In 1793 he published in two volumes the History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies, and in 1797 published his Historical Survey of the French Colony in the Island of St Domingo.[1] The latter two titles were later republished, with some additional material, as the History of the British Colonies in the West Indies, in three volumes. This has been translated into German and, in part, into French and Spanish. A fifth edition was issued in 1819.[1]
When Mungo Park returned in 1796 from his celebrated journey in Africa, Edwards drew up from Park's narrative an account of his travels. Edwards was secretary of the Association for Promoting the Discovery of the Interior Parts of Africa, which published this piece in their Proceedings. When Park wrote his own account of his journeys he availed himself of Edwards' assistance.[1]
Edwards also wrote poems and some other works relating to the history of the West Indies.[1]
Awards[edit]
Edwards was elected a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1774[7] and a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1794.[8]
References[edit]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Edwards, Bryan". Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 9 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 2.
- ^ Sheridan, Richard B. "Edwards, Bryan". Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (online ed.). Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/ref:odnb/8531. (Subscription or UK public library membership required.)
- ^ "Summary of Individual Zachary Bayly ????-1769, Legacies of British Slave-ownership". Retrieved 3 September 2018.
- ^ a b c "Edwards, Bryan (1743–1800), of The Polygon, Southampton". History of Parliament Online. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
- ^ "Victoria County History: Wiltshire: Vol 8 pp 148-163 – Westbury: Manors". British History Online. University of London. 1965. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
- ^ "Grampound | History of Parliament Online". www.historyofparliamentonline.org. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
- ^ "APS Member History". search.amphilsoc.org. Retrieved 29 March 2021.
- ^ "Fellows Details". Royal Society. Retrieved 19 May 2016.
External links[edit]
- Stephen, Leslie, ed. (1889). . Dictionary of National Biography. Vol. 17. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
- Edwards, Bryan (1794). The history, civil and commercial, of the British colonies in the West Indies. Vol. 1 (2nd in 2 volumes) ed.).
- Edwards, Bryan (1805). The History, Civil and Commercial, of the British Colonies in the West Indies (4th in 4 volumes ed.). ( Volume 1, Volume 2, Volume 3, Volume 4)
