Cyrillic o variants

The Cyrillic script
Slavic letters
А А̀ А̂ А̄ Ӓ Б В Г Ґ Д Ђ Ѓ Е Ѐ Е̄ Е̂ Ё Є Ж З З́ Ѕ И І Ї Ꙇ Ѝ И̂ Ӣ Й Ј К Л Љ М Н Њ О О̀ О̂ Ō Ӧ П Р Р̌ С С́ Т Ћ Ќ У У̀ У̂ Ӯ Ў Ӱ Ф Х Ц Ч Џ Ш Щ Ꙏ Ъ Ъ̀ Ы Ь Ѣ Э Ю Ю̀ Я Я̀
Non-Slavic letters
Ӑ А̊ А̃ Ӓ̄ Ӕ Ә Ә́ Ә̃ Ӛ В̌ Ԝ Г̑ Г̇ Г̣ Г̌ Г̂ Г̆ Г̈ Ҕ Ғ Ӻ Ғ̌ Ӷ Д́ Д̌ Д̈ Д̣ Д̆ Ӗ Е̃ Ё̄ Є̈ Ԑ Ԑ̈ Җ Ӝ Ӂ Ж̣ Ҙ Ӟ З̌ З̣ З̆ Ӡ И̃ Ӥ Ҋ Қ Ӄ Ҡ Ҟ Ҝ К̣ Ԛ ᴫ Л́ Ӆ Ԯ Ԓ Л̈ Ӎ ᵸ Н́ Ӊ Ң Ԩ Ӈ Ҥ О̆ О̃ Ӧ̄ Ө Ө̄ Ө́ Ө̆ Ӫ Ԥ П̈ Ҏ С̌ Ҫ С̣ С̱ Т́ Т̈ Т̌ Т̇ Т̣ Ҭ У̃ Ӳ У̊ Ӱ̄ Ұ Ү Ү́ Х̣ Х̱ Х̮ Х̑ Х̌ Ҳ Ӽ Ӿ Һ Һ̈ Ԧ Ц̌ Ц̈ Ҵ Ҷ Ҷ̣ Ӵ Ӌ Ҹ Ч̇ Ч̣ Ҽ Ҿ Ш̈ Ш̣ ꚜ Ы̆ Ы̄ Ӹ ꚝ Ҍ Ҩ Э̆ Э̄ Э̇ Ӭ Ӭ́ Ӭ̄ Ю̆ Ю̈ Ю̄ Я̆ Я̄ Я̈ Ӏ ʼ ˮ
Archaic or unused letters
А̨ Б̀ Б̣ Б̱ В̀ Г̀ Г̧ Г̄ Г̓ Г̆ Ҕ̀ Ҕ̆ Ԁ Д̓ Д̀ Д̨ Ԃ Ꚁ Ꙣ Е̇ Е̨ Ж̀ Ж̑ Ꙃ Ꙅ Џ̆ Ꚅ Ꚅ̆ Ꙁ З̀ З̑ Ԅ Ԇ Ꚉ Ԫ Ꚃ Ꚕ І̂ І̣ І̨ Ј̵ Ј̃ Ꙉ К̓ К̀ К̆ Ӄ̆ К̑ К̇ К̈ К̄ Ԟ К̂ Л̀ Ԡ Ꙥ Ԉ Л̑ Л̇ Ԕ М̀ М̃ Ꙧ Н̀ Н̄ Н̧ Н̃ Ԋ Ԣ Н̡ Ѻ Ꙩ Ꙫ Ꙭ ꙮ Ꚙ Ꚛ П̓ П̀ П́ Ҧ П̧ П̑ Ҁ Ԛ̆ Р́ Р̀ Р̃ Ԗ С̀ С̈ Ԍ Ҫ̓ Т̓ Т̀ Ԏ Т̑ Ꚋ Т̧ Ꚍ Ꚍ̆ ОУ Ꙋ У̇ У̨ ꙋ́ Ф̑ Ф̓ Х́ Х̀ Х̆ Х̇ Х̧ Х̾ Х̓ һ̱ Ѡ Ꙍ Ѽ Ѿ Ꙡ Ц̀ Ц́ Ц̓ Ꚏ Ꚏ̆ Ꚑ Ч́ Ч̀ Ч̆ Ч̑ Ч̓ Ԭ Ꚓ Ꚇ Ꚇ̆ Ҽ̆ Ш̀ Ш̆ Ш̑ Щ̆ Ꚗ Ꚗ̆ Ꙑ Ы̂ Ы̃ Ѣ́ Ѣ̈ Ѣ̆ Ꙓ Э̨ Э̂ Ꙕ Ю̂ Ꙗ Я̈ Я̂ Я̨ Ԙ Ѥ Ѧ Ꙙ Ѫ Ꙛ Ѩ Ꙝ Ѭ Ѯ Ѱ Ѳ Ѵ Ѷ Ꙟ
List of Cyrillic letters List of Cyrillic multigraphs

Monocular O (Ꙩ), binocular O(Ꙫ), double monocular O (Ꙭ), multiocular O (ꙮ) double O (Ꚙ), crossed O (Ꚛ), and broad on (Ѻ) are rare glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. In 2007, they were proposed for inclusion into Unicode.

Monocular O

Monocular O (Capital: Ꙩ, minuscule: ꙩ) is one of the rare glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant was used in certain manuscripts in the root word ꙩко (eye), and also in some other functions, for example, in the word- and syllable-initial position. It is used in some late birchbark letters of the 14th and 15th centuries, where it is usually differentiated from a regular о, used after consonants, also by width, being a broad On (ѻ) with a dot inside.

It resembles the Latin letter for the bilabial click (ʘ), and the Gothic letter Hwair (𐍈). It was proposed for inclusion into Unicode in 2007 alongside the Binocular O, Double monocular O, and Multiocular O, and was incorporated as characters U+A668 (majuscule) and U+A669 (minuscule) in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).

Monocular O

Binocular O

Binocular O (majuscule: Ꙫ, minuscule: ꙫ) is one of the exotic glyph variants of Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in the plural or dual forms of the root word eye, like Ꙫчи.

A similar jocular glyph (called "double-dot wide O") has been suggested as a phonetic symbol for the "nasal-ingressive velar trill", a paralinguistic impression of a snort, due to the graphic resemblance to a pig snout.

Binocular O

Computing encodings

Character information

Preview	Ꙫ		ꙫ
Unicode name	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER BINOCULAR O		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER BINOCULAR O
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	42602	U+A66A	42603	U+A66B
UTF-8	234 153 170	EA 99 AA	234 153 171	EA 99 AB
Numeric character reference	Ꙫ	Ꙫ	ꙫ	ꙫ

Double monocular O

Double monocular O (uppercase: Ꙭ, lowercase: ꙭ) is one of the exotic glyph variants of the Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in certain manuscripts in the plural or dual forms of the word eye, for example ꙭчи "[two] eyes". They were incorporated into Unicode as characters U+A66C and U+A66D in Unicode version 5.1 (2008).

Double monocular O

Multiocular O

Multiocular O (ꙮ) is a rare glyph variant of the Cyrillic letter O. This glyph variant can be found in a single 15th century manuscript, in the Old Church Slavonic phrase "серафими многоꙮчитїй" (abbreviated "мн҇оꙮчитїй") (serafimi mnogoočitii, "many-eyed seraphim"). It was documented by Yefim Karsky in 1928 in a copy of the Book of Psalms (back of page 244) from around 1429, now found in the collection of the Trinity Lavra of St. Sergius.

It is most likely that Multiocular O was a result of a writer’s attempt at depicting how many eyes the seraphim they were describing had.

The character was proposed for inclusion into Unicode in 2007 and incorporated as character U+A66E in Unicode version 5.1 (2008). The representative glyph had seven eyes and sat on the baseline. However, in 2021, following a tweet highlighting the character, it came to linguist Michael Everson's attention that the character in the 1429 manuscript was actually made up of ten eyes. After a 2022 proposal to change the character to reflect this, it was updated later that year for Unicode 15.0 to have ten eyes and to extend below the baseline. However, not all fonts support the ten-eyed variant as of April 2024.

The letter in the original manuscript.

Multiocular O

The incorrect form originally implemented into Unicode (2007–2022).

Double O

Double O

Double O (Ꚙ ꚙ) is a variant of the letter О in the Cyrillic script. It is found in some early Old Church Slavonic manuscripts, where it is used in place of ⟨О⟩ in двꚙе "two", ꚙбо "both", ꚙбанадесять "twelve", and двꚙюнадесять "twelve". The Cyrillic "double O" looks similar to the Latin-script double-o ligature: ⟨ꝏ⟩.

Crossed O

Crossed O

Crossed O (Ꚛ ꚛ) is a variant of the Cyrillic letter O but with the addition of a cross.

Crossed O is used in the Old Church Slavonic language. The crossed o is primarily used in the word ꚛкрест (around, in the region of) in early Slavonic manuscripts, whose component крест means 'cross'.

Broad On

Image=Cyrillic letter broad On.svg|size=120px |numeral=70|sound=[o]}}

Broad On (Ѻ ѻ; italics: Ѻ ѻ) is a positional and orthographical variant of the Cyrillic letter O (О о) (here "on" (ѻнъ, onŭ) is a traditional name of Cyrillic letter О; these names are still in use in the Church Slavonic alphabet).

Broad On is used only in the Church Slavonic language. In its alphabet (in primers and grammar books), broad and regular shapes of О/о share the same position, as they are not considered different letters. Uppercase is typically represented by broad Ѻ, and lowercase is either regular о or dual: both broad ѻ and regular о (in the same way as Greek uppercase Σ is accompanied with two lowercases σ, ς). Phonetically, broad Ѻ/ѻ is the same as regular О/о.

In standard Church Slavonic orthography (since the middle of the 17th century until present time), the broad shape of letter On is used instead of the regular shape of the same letter in the following cases:

• as the first letter of a word's root, which could fall:
  • at the beginning of the word: (ѻгнь, ѻтрокъ),
  • after a prefix: (праѻтецъ),
  • after another root in compound words (ѻбоюдуѻстрый);
• in the middle of the root in two geographical names (іѻрданъ—Jordan River, іѻппіа—city of Jaffa) and their derivatives;
• as the numerical sign to represent the number 70.

(However, Church Slavonic editions printed outside the Russian Empire have often ignored the last rule and used regular о as the numerical sign).

St. Olga icon at St Volodymyr's Cathedral, Kyiv

Historically, Broad On was also used in the later Old Russian period, including documents, letters and other vernacular texts, to signal the initial position of a word or a syllable or occasionally to mark a closed vowel (developed in North Russian dialects since the 14th century). It is found in birch bark manuscripts and in some other Russian texts. Other glyphs could be used in the same functions, including Monocular O and Cyrillic Omega.

Name

Broad On has no standard traditional name. The names used in literature (broad/wide/round/initial on/o etc.) are just shape-based or functional descriptions. A name from certain Russian sources, он польское, on pol'skoye (literally, "Polish O"), also points to the round shape of the letter, because Latin fonts from Poland had round "O", and the typical old Cyrillic "O" was lens-shaped and condensed. Now the character is often being referred to by its conventional Unicode name "Round Omega", the fact that may lead to certain misunderstanding, because the Cyrillic letter Omega is a completely different letter; in particular, its numerical value is 800, not 70.

Computing codes

Character information

Preview	Ѻ		ѻ
Unicode name	CYRILLIC CAPITAL LETTER ROUND OMEGA		CYRILLIC SMALL LETTER ROUND OMEGA
Encodings	decimal	hex	dec	hex
Unicode	1146	U+047A	1147	U+047B
UTF-8	209 186	D1 BA	209 187	D1 BB
Numeric character reference	Ѻ	Ѻ	ѻ	ѻ

See also

• Cyrillic script in Unicode
• Omega (Cyrillic)
• ʘ : Latin letter ʘ
• 𐍈 : Gothic letter Hwair
• Dotted zero