Icaricia icarioides
 | This article needs additional citations for verification. (January 2019) |
| Icaricia icarioides | |
|---|---|
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| Mission blue, male upperside. | |
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| Fender's blue, male underside. | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Lycaenidae |
| Genus: | Icaricia |
| Species: | I. icarioides
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| Binomial name | |
| Icaricia icarioides (Boisduval, 1852)
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| Subspecies | |
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See text | |
| Synonyms | |
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Icaricia icarioides,[1] or Boisduval's blue, is a butterfly of the family Lycaenidae found in North America. This butterfly has 25 recognized subspecies.[2]
This species has been classified in at least four different genera since it was named by Jean Baptiste Boisduval in 1852. It started out in Lycaena, was transferred to Icaricia by Nabokov (Hodges et al., 1983), moved to Aricia by Bálint and Johnson (1997), merged with some other genera in the supergenus Plebejus by Gorbunov (2001), which was accepted by Opler & Warren (2003) and Pelham's Catalogue (as of 2012);[2] however, Lamas (2004) among others use Aricia. More recently, it was moved back to the genus Icaricia, which was reinstated as a result of molecular studies (Vila et al., 2011; Talavera et al., 2013). Synonymy, subgenera, and subspecies vary considerably depending on the author.
Their range extends throughout the western US and Canada from southern Saskatchewan to British Columbia.[3] Its habitats include dunes, mountains, meadows, streams, and sage-lands. It is also found in open areas or openings in woods near its larval host.[4]
Larvae feed on species of lupines (Lupinus).[3] Adults feed on nectar from flowers of Eriogonum species and other composites.[4]
Wingspan: 21 to 32 mm.[3]
Similar species[edit]
Subspecies[edit]
- Icaricia icarioides albihalos[5]
- Icaricia icarioides argusmontana[6]
- Icaricia icarioides atascadero[7]
- Icaricia icarioides austinorum[8]
- Icaricia icarioides blackmorei – Puget blue[9]
- Icaricia icarioides buchholzi[10]
- Icaricia icarioides eosierra[11]
- Icaricia icarioides evius[12]
- Icaricia icarioides fenderi – Fender's blue[13]
- Icaricia icarioides fulla[14]
- Icaricia icarioides helios[15]
- Icaricia icarioides icarioides[16]
- Icaricia icarioides inyo[17]
- Icaricia icarioides lycea[18]
- Icaricia icarioides missionensis – Mission blue[19]
- Icaricia icarioides montis[20]
- Icaricia icarioides moroensis[21]
- Icaricia icarioides nigrafem
- Icaricia icarioides panamintina[22]
- Icaricia icarioides parapheres[23]
- Icaricia icarioides pardalis[24]
- Icaricia icarioides pembina[25]
- Icaricia icarioides pheres (extinct)†[26]
- Icaricia icarioides sacre
- Icaricia icarioides santana[27]
References[edit]
- ^ Savela, Markku. "Icaricia icarioides". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved August 2, 2019.
- ^ a b "A Catalogue of the Butterflies of the United States and Canada by Jonathan P. Pelham". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ a b c Boisduval's Blue, Butterflies of Canada
- ^ a b "Icaricia icarioides". explorer.natureserve.org.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides albihalos thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides argusmontana thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides atascadero thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides austinorum thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides blackmorei thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides buchholzi thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "BoA 404 Not Found". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.[permanent dead link]
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides evius thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides fenderi thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides fulla thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides helios thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus i icarioides thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides inyo thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides lycea thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides missionensis thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides montis thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides moroensis thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides panamintina thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides parapheres thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides pardalis thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides pembina thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides pheres thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
- ^ "Plebejus icarioides santana thumbnails". butterfliesofamerica.com. Retrieved 2019-06-19.
| Authority control databases: National |
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